Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• exfoliation of graphite [47]. The obtained CDots showed a broad band emission due to their heterogeneity in particle size and surface-functional groups. The authors explored the potential of CDots as UV-to-visible color converters using a 365 nm UV chip and could generate white light with CIE color

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• can behave as a resonant cave where the incident laser light is scattered numerous times further contributing to SERS amplification. Those voids can be described by lacunarity, which is considered a measure of heterogeneity (inhomogeneity) or translational or rotational invariance in an image [25

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• and LDH/HIS can result from the heterogeneity of the measured samples. In the case of the PBS nanocomposite with LDH/PHE, which shows the highest extending effect, a further increase in the Newtonian viscosity is observed, probably due to crosslinking reactions. The crosslinking phenomenon in the

Quantification and coupling of the electromagnetic and chemical contributions in surface-enhanced Raman scattering

• Yarong Su,
• Yuanzhen Shi,
• Ping Wang,
• Jinglei Du,
• Markus B. Raschke and
• Lin Pang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 549–556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.56

• nanosubstrate. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of the substrates, the enhancement factors are found to vary by about one order of magnitude within the same sample. Measurements were repeatable for individual sample locations within statistical errors. For each kind of substrate, three or more samples were

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• (typically above 90 °C) results in the aggregation of the material due to restacking of the hydrophobic rGO layers [34][35]. This is a drawback in the preparation of rGO nanocomposites because phase segregation and/or composition heterogeneity will occur in the final materials. Although it is well known that

• that the nanocomposites may exhibit low compositional heterogeneity and possibly strong interactions (such as electrostatic and π–π interactions) between their components. The morphological characterisation of rGO-25, rGO/PANI and rGO/PANI/hexNb samples was carried out by atomic force microscopy, as

• hand, this nanocomposite presents several creases and folds and, more interestingly, shows higher flake thickness and higher surface roughness (ca. 10 and ca. 4.0 nm, respectively). These results clearly indicate that the deposition of PANI on rGO flakes induces an increase of the surface heterogeneity

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• sampling could lead to errors due to the heterogeneity of the mixture. Thus, after 72 h at 37 °C, the mixtures were washed several times with MeOH and the washings were diluted to a precise volume. By comparison with a calibration curve, the sample injected into the HPLC-VWD allowed the liberated μmols of

The effect of atmospheric doping on pressure-dependent Raman scattering in supported graphene

• Egor A. Kolesov,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Olesya O. Kapitanova,
• Xiao Fu,
• Hak Dong Cho,
• Tae Won Kang and
• Gennady N Panin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 704–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.65

• doping drastically decreases the spatial heterogeneity of charge carriers in graphene doped with nitrogen, while the opposite effect was observed for undoped samples. The results of this study should be taken into account for the development of sensors and nanoelectronic devices based on graphene

Periodic structures on liquid-phase smectic A, nematic and isotropic free surfaces

• Anna N. Bagdinova,
• Evgeny I. Demikhov,
• Nataliya G. Borisenko,
• Sergei M. Tolokonnikov,
• Gennadii V. Mishakov and
• Andrei V. Sharkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 342–352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.34

• shows an image obtained with the SNOM and AFM profile of the surface. The intensity of the SNOM signal is measured in counts per second (cps). We see some irregular variation of contrast on the image. The size of this heterogeneity is about 10–15 μm. This value correlates within an order of magnitude

Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Alexander L. Gudkov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2689–2710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.269

Exploring wear at the nanoscale with circular mode atomic force microscopy

• Olivier Noel,
• Aleksandar Vencl and
• Pierre-Emmanuel Mazeran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2662–2668, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.266

• friction, energy dissipation and worn material at the local scale or to exhibit local heterogeneity of the material. To summarize, CM-AFM applied to wear experiments regarding different applications such as tribochemistry and wear of thin films presents numerous advantages compared to conventional AFM wear

Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2296–2306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.229

• under the microscope showing that sample preparation and our microscope work performed as expected (Figure 3b). In order to measure the heterogeneity among DNA molecules, DNA molecules were immobilized on the substrate at a lower density than in Figure 3. This lower density allows the DNA molecules to

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• of view, but also complicates the interpretation of imaging snapshots which do not sample all the variation of the population. Again, a different methodology will be needed to understand and capture this heterogeneity in detail. There could be broader implications of the low degree of internalisation

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cell lysates mixed with silver nanoparticles for tumor classification

• Mohamed Hassoun,
• Iwan W.Schie,
• Tatiana Tolstik,
• Sarmiza E. Stanca,
• Christoph Krafft and
• Juergen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1183–1190, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.120

• specific antigens [21][22][23]. The disadvantages of approach (1) include the poor reproducibility due to nonspecific binding of nanoparticles, the long time needed for nanoparticles uptake by cells, and the heterogeneity of nanoparticles inside cells. Approach (2) is complicated because of complex

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

• Shigeaki Kobayashi,
• Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
• Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

• that segregation-induced embrittlement in polycrystalline materials can be well controlled by optimizing the grain boundary microstructure, especially by GBCD, the grain boundary connectivity, and the heterogeneity of the grain size distribution. This is true even when local in nature, as revealed by

• thin film specimens, i.e., the heterogeneity of grain size distribution, GBCD, and grain boundary connectivity, or triple junction character distribution. To our knowledge, no literature is available which has reported such detailed information about grain boundary microstructure based on fractal

Manufacturing and investigation of physical properties of polyacrylonitrile nanofibre composites with SiO₂, TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles

• Tomasz Tański,
• Wiktor Matysiak and
• Barbara Hajduk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1141–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.106

• characterised by numerous structural defects, usually occurring on their surface (Figure 5). In addition, with an increase in the concentration of the used reinforcing phases in the produced nanocomposites an increase of defects and an increased heterogeneity of the fibre morphology was identified. X-ray

The influence of phthalocyanine aggregation in complexes with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the photophysical properties of the complexes

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov,
• Kevin Berwick and
• Alexander V. Baranov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.94

• photophysical properties of the complexes. For the first time this concentration dependence has been well described by the developed model taking into account the heterogeneity of QD–monomer and QD–aggregate complexes. We show that a reduction in the concentration of phthalocyanine aggregates in complex with

Large-scale fabrication of achiral plasmonic metamaterials with giant chiroptical response

• Morten Slyngborg,
• Yao-Chung Tsao and
• Peter Fojan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 914–925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.83

• broad signal [13]. This is presumably related to the heterogeneity and 3D nature of the ECM structures, which is less dominant in the hole arrays fabricated by focused ion beam lithography. In spite of this, the CD linewidths of the present ECMs are comparable to those of gammadion PCMs, which have been

• previously used for biosensor applications [10]. Furthermore, compared to PCMs fabricated by another scalable technique [29], the CD linewidths of the honeycomb ECMs are more narrow. Hence the heterogeneity and 3D structure has not limited the use of the honeycomb ECMs for biosensing applications. While the

Correlative infrared nanospectroscopic and nanomechanical imaging of block copolymer microdomains

• Benjamin Pollard and
• Markus B. Raschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 605–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.53

• channel alone. These variations suggest that regions of multicomponent chemical composition, such as the interfacial mixing regions between microdomains, are correlated with high spatial heterogeneity in nanoscale material properties. Keywords: block copolymers, force–distance nanomechanical spectroscopy

• , hybrid imaging, near-field infrared spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy; Introduction Functional soft-matter and polymer systems often exhibit novel phenomena due to nanoscale chemical heterogeneity and the resulting intermolecular interactions. Infrared vibrational scattering scanning near-field

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

Experiences in supporting the structured collection of cancer nanotechnology data using caNanoLab

• Stephanie A. Morris,
• Sharon Gaheen,
• Michal Lijowski,
• Mervi Heiskanen and
• Juli Klemm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1580–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.161

• development, must consider the heterogeneity of nanomaterial data and varied needs based on application (e.g., research focus – environmental vs medical vs energy). Even within a given research area, multi-disciplinary contributions to the field further complicate the development of management systems that

Chemoselective silicification of synthetic peptides and polyamines

• Maryna Abacilar,
• Fabian Daus and
• Armin Geyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.10

• nanostructure forms a template for the localized silicon dioxide precipitation in LCPA-rich but silaffin-poor areas [20]. From the numerous physical and experimental parameters, which differ from the literature experiments, only the chemical parameter of micro-heterogeneity is resolved in our experiments, which

The impact of the confinement of reactants on the metal distribution in bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized in reverse micelles

• Concha Tojo,
• Elena González and
• Nuria Vila-Romeu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1966–1979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.206

• obtained in homogeneous reaction media. It was extended to synthesis inside micelles without taking into account the heterogeneity of reaction media. It is understood that reverse micelles are reaction vessels in which classical assumptions cannot always be used. For example, it was demonstrated that the

Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications

• T. O. Menteş,
• G. Zamborlini,
• A. Sala and
• A. Locatelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198

• excitation in the imaging column. By placing a small aperture in the illumination column or at the image plane of the objective lens, the probed area can be limited to a micrometer-sized region, thus giving rise to the micro-probe operation. When the length scale of the structural heterogeneity is below the

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• excitation used here. Although there are clear commonalities, the spectra of the 2D single layer array and SAc-BPP powder spectra exhibit notable differences. The individual spectral features are broader in the SERS spectrum, consistent with the higher heterogeneity in the microenvironment the S-BPP

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• particles observed in the TEM. Indeed, citrate has been suggested as a strong growth modifier for calcium phosphate from aqueous solution [76]. In contrast, the heterogeneity of the samples obtained with NaOH could be due to solubility issues of NaOH in the IL; as ILs are known to only poorly solubilize