Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• a hydrothermal process [43]. A ZnO seed layer was initially deposited on cleaned glass slides by spraying 5 mM zinc acetate dehydrate solution in ethanol at 350 °C. The role of this seed layer was to provide nucleation sites for the subsequent growth of ZnO NRs. The seeded substrates were then

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• selective dissolution of metastable ZnO planes with decreasing growth solution temperature, achieving a considerable Zn-ion deficiency during the hydrothermal process [19][20][21][22]. The synthesis of the ZnO nanotubes was performed in a growth solution with the same chemical composition as for synthesis

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• 46, 48149 Münster, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.9.223 Abstract In this work, silicon/carbon composites are synthesized by forming an amorphous carbon matrix around silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) in a hydrothermal process. The intention of this material design is to combine the beneficial properties of

• ] showed that Si nanoparticles (Si-NPs) can be embedded in spherical hydrothermal carbon via a simple one-step hydrothermal process and Hu et al. [53] used hydrothermal carbonization to form a thin carbon and SiOx layer around Si-NPs and reported a great improvement in cycling stability compared to pure Si

• improved first cycle CEs and enhanced cycle life of the prelithiated electrodes in comparison to the non-prelithiated electrodes. In this work, we use a simple hydrothermal process, followed by a carbonization step to synthesize Si/C composites, in which Si-NPs are homogeneously dispersed within an

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• , the plate-like morphology of diatomite is well preserved after the two-step loading process, revealing the negligible influence of the hydrothermal process on the structure of diatomite. In addition, Figure 3f and Figure 3g present SEM images of the MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite composite and the corresponding

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• methods have been applied to synthesize single or few-layered MoS2, including but not limited to mechanical cleavage, chemical exfoliation, hydrothermal synthesis and chemical vapor deposition [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The hydrothermal process is a scalable method to synthesize MoS2 nanosheets and

• emerging new group of materials known as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which have significant electrical, optical, and transport properties. MoS2 is one of the well-known 2D materials in this group, which is a semiconductor with controllable band gap based on its structure. The hydrothermal

• process is known as one of the scalable methods to synthesize MoS2 nanostructures. In this study, the gas sensing properties of flower-shaped MoS2 nanoflakes, which were prepared from molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) by a facile hydrothermal method, have been studied. Material characterization was performed

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• simple, cost-effective and environmentally friendly hydrothermal process involved in the synthesis [14]. Among the wide variety of food products, common spices like cinnamon, red chilli, turmeric and black pepper have been studied in detail due to their traditionally known medicinal properties. For

• compounds present in the spices will partially remain inside or at the surface of the C-dots after the hydrothermal process, leading to different photoluminescent and biomedical properties. The synthesized C-dots have been extensively characterized with UV–vis, fluorescence, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, DLS

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• treatments in combination with the sol–gel method (sol–hydrothermal method) provide an alternative approach for preparing TiO2. During the preparation, before the hydrothermal process, a sol is obtained, which may prevent the agglomeration of the nanocrystals [26]. However, information regarding the

• significantly higher photocatalytic activity compared to Nd-TiO2 NPs prepared via sol–hydrothermal process. The photocatalyst prepared via HT method has three times more hydroxy groups on its surface layer and a two times higher amount of surface defects than the powder obtained by SHT method. According to the

Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO quantum dot/KNb₃O₈ nanosheet photocatalysts for reducing carbon dioxide to methanol

• Xiao Shao,
• Weiyue Xin and
• Xiaohong Yin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2264–2270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.226

• hydrothermal process for synthesizing KNb3O8 nanosheets was influenced by several factors. Among them, the concentration of the KOH solution, which is presented by the pH, is the critical factor [23]. Figure 1 shows the powder XRD patterns of the as-synthesized particles with different KOH concentrations. The

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• ]. This composite prepared by a two-step hydrothermal process lead to uniform dispersion of TiO2 nanopartilces over layered MoS2–graphene (MG), as shown in Figure 8. Herein, the MG hybrid plays a crucial role for charge separation in UV-excited TiO2 nanoparticles and the observed hydrogen production rate

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• rate of a continuous hydrothermal process from 1–10 tons/year to 100 tons/year for inorganic nanomaterials [123]. Tsuzuki et al. [124] statistically studied which methods for inorganic nanosynthesis are mostly employed in industry: vapor (39% mainly chemical vapor deposition (CVD)) and liquid (45

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• individual units which are weakly connected, forming the foam structure. Their interaction is not strong enough for coalescence to occur. The hydrothermal process allows for the variation of growth parameters which may lead to further foam morphologies. The study of the parameter–morphology relationship can

• formed in the initial stage of formation. In the experiment, this is done by using low-temperature in the hydrothermal process. At higher temperature, however, further progression of growth occurs, leading to a thickening of the wall structure and an increase in mass density. We found that the

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• stoichiometry of the oxygen-to-titanium content ratio play a major role in the electrical properties of TiO2 [17]. Different ways in which TiO2 can be prepared include sol–gel process [18][19][20], flame spray synthesis [21], hydrothermal process [22], electrospinning methods [23], chemical and physical vapor

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• process (at 160–180 °C for 4–20 h) and used this functionalized carbon for in situ encapsulation of Ag and Au NPs. The size of the produced NPs with this method could be controlled in the range of 8–50 nm [144]. In a similar work, Yu and Yam used D-glucose in a hydrothermal process for synthesis of Ag NPs

• cellulose hydrogels to synthesize and stabilize Ag, Au, and Pt NPs through hydrothermal process. They found that by increasing AgNO3 concentration, the particles size increases gradually from 8 to 11.4 nm at 80 °C and 24 h. Also, reaction time and temperature had direct influence on particle size. The

• into solution to synthesize Ag nanosheets. They claimed that the in situ generated Al(OH)3 influenced the formation of Ag nanosheets. The produced nanosheets in 60 min reaction had a thickness of 20–30 nm [111]. Sun and Li produced colloidal carbon micro and nanospheres from glucose in a hydrothermal

A simple approach to the synthesis of Cu_1.8S dendrites with thiamine hydrochloride as a sulfur source and structure-directing agent

• Xiaoliang Yan,
• Sha Li,
• Yun-xiang Pan,
• Zhi Yang and
• Xuguang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 881–885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.90

• investigated the morphology evolution of Cu1.8S as a function of the hydrothermal process time. Burford et al. reported that the functional groups in biomolecules, e.g., –NH2, –COOH, and –S–, are strongly inclined to interact with inorganic cations based on a mass spectrometry study [13]. This indicates that

• favor of the formation of Cu3BiS3 dendrites [16]. Conclusion A hydrothermal process was used for a facile and environmental-friendly synthesis of Cu1.8S with thiamine hydrochloride as a sulfur source and water as the solvent. Cu1.8S dendrites were obtained after a reaction time of 24 h. The length of

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• –CdTeS NPs for biomedical applications. Oleic-acid-stabilized Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized through a thermal decomposition method. CdTe QDs activated with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), were prepared through a hydrothermal process. Further, the freshly prepared Fe3O4 NPs were coated with silica by using

Size-dependent density of zirconia nanoparticles

• Agnieszka Opalinska,
• Iwona Malka,
• Wojciech Dzwolak,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Adam Presz and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 27–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.4

• 10.3762/bjnano.6.4 Abstract The correlation between density and specific surface area of ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) was studied. The NPs were produced using a hydrothermal process involving microwave heating. The material was annealed at 1100 °C which resulted in an increase in the average grain size of the

• decreases, or as the specific surface area increases. This effect is caused by the surface layer contribution to the average density of the nanoparticles. A surface layer of hydroxy groups is present on the surface of nano-ZrO2 particles produced using a hydrothermal process. Many of the hydroxy groups

• density can be achieved, which is less than for bulk materials. Experimental Nanocrystalline zirconia powders were produced using a microwave-driven hydrothermal process performed at up to 5.5 MPa for 20 min using a previously described procedure [22]. The present synthesis procedure for ZrO2 was modified

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• John Bell and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

• ]. Hence, it is rational to conjecture that TGA might play two key roles in this work. One is to prevent aggregation of CZTS nanocrystals by capping on the generated nanocrystals to reduce the surface energy (steric hindrance) during the hydrothermal process; the other role is selective adsorption on

• reaction duration are shown in Figure 6. Figure 6a illustrates that, prior to the hydrothermal process, the precipitate obtained from the precursor solution is consisting of microspheres with size around 20–250 nm. The HRTEM indicates that the microparticle is the result of aggregation of numerous oval

• . Since no other binary products such as SnS2 and ZnS are discovered in the entire hydrothermal process, and only Cu2SnS3 and Cu3SnS4 are detected in the Raman spectra, we believe Sn4+ cations are firstly incorporated into the crystal lattice of Cu2−xS and replaced parts of Cu+ ion, followed by the rapid

Dye-sensitized Pt@TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for the efficient photocatalytic generation of hydrogen

• Jun Fang,
• Lisha Yin,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Yusen Liao and
• Can Xue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 360–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.41

• Discussion The Pt@TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles were prepared trough a hydrothermal process by using Pt nanoparticles and TiF4 as the precursor. The crystalline structure was determined by XRD, as shown in Figure 1. After the hydrothermal reaction, the TiO2 was transformed into anatase phase, which could be

Photovoltaic properties of ZnO nanorods/p-type Si heterojunction structures

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Grzegorz Luka,
• Lukasz Wachnicki,
• Sylwia Gieraltowska,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Piotr Bieganski,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 173–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.17

• , in the ALD process with 15 cycles, ZnO nanoseeds were deposited on a Si substrate (Figure 1a). The deposited ZnO nano-islands nucleate growth of ZnO nanorods in a hydrothermal process, performed in a Ertec01-03 Magnum reactor [36][37][38][39]. The growth of the ZnO nanorods was performed at

Preparation of NiS/ZnIn₂S₄ as a superior photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation

• Liang Wei,
• Yongjuan Chen,
• Jialin Zhao and
• Zhaohui Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 949–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.107

• successfully prepared via a facile two-step hydrothermal process. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Their photocatalytic performance

• the (006), (102), (104), (108), (110), (116) and (022) crystallographic planes of hexagonal ZnIn2S4 (JCPDS, No. 03-065-2023). This suggests that there is no obvious phase change in ZnIn2S4 during the hydrothermal process in the preparation of the NiS/ZnIn2S4 nanocomposites. No characteristic

• of 2–6 μm assembled by densely packed petals [16]. However, the TEM image of the current NiS/ZnIn2S4 sample shows that the ZnIn2S4 microspheres were partially decomposed after the second hydrothermal process (Figure 2b). Although no characteristic diffraction peaks corresponding to NiS nanoparticles

Towards atomic resolution in sodium titanate nanotubes using near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure spectromicroscopy combined with multichannel multiple-scattering calculations

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Peter Krüger,
• Maureen J. Lagos,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo,
• Chris Ewels,
• Polona Umek and
• Peter Guttmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 789–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.88

• hydrothermal process used to synthesize the tubes, the binding energy of Ti 2p photoemission lines are shifted slightly to lower binding energy, showing that the local environment around the Ti ions in the (Na,H)TiNTs is different from that in the anatase-type TiO2 (see also Supporting Information File 1

Paper modified with ZnO nanorods – antimicrobial studies

• Mayuree Jaisai,
• Sunandan Baruah and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 684–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.78

• in cellular internalization of ZnO nanoparticles has also been observed by Appierot et al. [6] in a study of their antibacterial effect on E. coli and S. aureus. This work reports on an antimicrobial paper containing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods grown by a hydrothermal process, and which can be used for

• of organic dyes using similar paper embedded with ZnO nanorods [21]. In this work we report the antimicrobial activities of paper functionalized by in situ growth of ZnO nanorods through a hydrothermal process. Results and Discussion Studies on the photocatalytic immobilization of E. coli and S

• tissue papers. Conclusion Antimicrobial paper has been successfully prepared by growing ZnO nanorods on paper prepared from bleached soft wood kraft pulp by using a simple hydrothermal process at low temperature. The antimicrobial paper inhibits the growth of harmful microbes due to a slow release of

Reduced electron recombination of dye-sensitized solar cells based on TiO₂ spheres consisting of ultrathin nanosheets with [001] facet exposed

• Hongxia Wang,
• Meinan Liu,
• Cheng Yan and
• John Bell

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 378–387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.44

• magnetic stirring of the mixture of the three components at room temperature. The precursor solution was then transferred to a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave (45 mL volume, Parr Instrument Co.) for the hydrothermal reaction. The hydrothermal process was carried out at 200 °C for 24 h in an electric

Highly efficient ZnO/Au Schottky barrier dye-sensitized solar cells: Role of gold nanoparticles on the charge-transfer process

• Tanujjal Bora,
• Htet H. Kyaw,
• Soumik Sarkar,
• Samir K. Pal and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 681–690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.73

• hexamethylenetetramine (C6H12N4, Aldrich) were used as starting materials for the growth of the ZnO nanorods. A low-temperature hydrothermal process was used for the ZnO-nanorod growth. Detailed processes for the hydrothermal growth of the single crystalline ZnO nanorods are described in our previous reports [9][37][38