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Search for "in vitro studies" in Full Text gives 61 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15
- , because of the photothermal effect, the shell shrinks thus bringing the photosensitizer closer to the core allowing for fluorescence resonance energy transfer and singlet oxygen production. In other proposed polymers, fluorescence quenching is not discussed, but in vitro studies prove the higher
Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101
- the need to carefully evaluate the data acquired so far from in vitro studies in order to develop safe biomedical applications. Conclusion We investigated the importance of selecting a proper physiological medium used for in vitro protein corona analysis. Therefore, we employed several analytical
The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91
- administration and can be cleared gradually by renal and fecal excretion. Furthermore, a number of in vitro studies indicated that treatment of various cell lines, such as 3T3 and Hela, greatly reduced the cellular viability [34]. Due to the contradictory study results, the applicability of PEG-GO for drug
Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73
- reinforcement strategy and will breathe a new lease of life into this research area. These in vitro studies are continuing and cell-line studies are also planned. Experimental Materials The multi-layer graphene (MLG) material used in this research was commercially available MLG - EXGR98350 (batch 08.10.2012
Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45
- evaporation. Evidence for a water co-transport has been given by in-vitro studies with isolated waxes and artificial polyurethan membranes. Neinhuis et al. [25] showed that in the presence of water, waxes were transported through the membranes and reassembled into three dimensional waxes onto the membranes
- , so that it is merely the added water alone that influences the growth, as already discussed above. Since many years the transport of wax molecules from inside the plant surface cells to the outer side, where the wax crystals assemble, has been discussed. In vitro studies with isolated waxes and
Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234
- large influence on the wettability, significantly more so than the chemical composition of the waxes [42]. In vitro studies with wax crystals of different sizes and densities showed that superhydrophobicity requires wax crystal sizes of 400 nm in the case of wax tubules [42] and about 200 nm in the case
Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186
Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155
- of organic electronics. One of the early applications of Parylene C encapsulation layer in an electronic structure was that of a microelectrode insulator [65]. The Parylene C-covered iridium and tungsten microelectrodes were investigated by means of in vivo and in vitro impedance tests. In vitro
- studies were carried out in an especially prepared chamber containing saline, either sterile or plasma-incubated at 37 °C, in order to reproduce the natural environmental. In vivo testing was performed by an implementation of multiple electrode systems in monkey motor cortex [65]. In these studies, an
Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141
- combination of imaging, flow cytometry and transport studies. Compared to typical observations in standard cell lines commonly used for in vitro studies, silica nanoparticle uptake into well-developed Caco-2 cellular barriers was found to be very low. Instead, nanoparticle association to the apical outer
- transport through them. Keywords: Caco-2; differentiation and polarisation; epithelial cell barrier; microscopy imaging; particle interaction; uptake and localisation; Introduction An overall conclusion from a multitude of nanoparticle-cell in vitro studies is that nanoparticle uptake into cells is
- isolated cells commonly used for in vitro studies. Indeed, cellular layers can develop tight junctions and become polarised. Polarised cell barriers are known to activate cellular processes and pathways which are not fully developed, or even present, in isolated cells [17][18]. Thus they allow
Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80
- subsequently be synthesized by covalently crosslinking the monomer chains via these azide and cyclooctyne groups by means of a Huisgen [2 + 3] cycloaddition (“click” reaction). Most of the work performed on ELRs combined with SNA15 is about studying their behavior in vitro studies [31][32][33][34]. For example
Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155
- discusses model studies with a special emphasis on the fabrication of substrates with well-defined nano- and microstructured surfaces for in vitro studies with vascular cells (Figure 1). Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are two vascular cell types forming blood vessels (Figure
- . Thus, in vitro studies using modified artificial surfaces to induce biological responses in these cells are an important experimental model in vascular cell biology and biomaterial research (Figure 3). In this review, we provide an overview of materials and important micro- and nanofabrication
- techniques that have been used for the fabrication of appropriate substrates for in vitro studies with vascular cells. We give a brief overview over possible surface structure geometries, mention compounds and methods for surface biofunctionalization and present the importance of the mechanical
On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121
- paving the way for novel biotechnological and medical applications. Generally, in vitro studies report that SiNPs are taken up by cultured human cells. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of this process still needs to be elucidated in detail for a better understanding of the cytotoxic effects or to
Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57
- nanotechnology and widespread applications of products containing TiO2 NPs have increased the risk of exposure. Therefore, numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed to scrutinize the potential toxic properties of TiO2 NPs in recent years [4]. Research has demonstrated that TiO2 NPs can be
- ultimately be induced. Long et al. [19][20] first revealed in their in vitro studies that TiO2 NPs can induce dose- and time-dependent elevations in H2O2 levels in BV2 cells (an immortalized brain microglia cell line). BV2 internalized TiO2 NPs and subsequently swollen mitochondria were detected by
- associated with nanoneurotoxicity. Genotoxicity Genotoxicity is simply defined as the induction of DNA damage, in a direct or indirect manner, caused by substances such as benzopyrene in cigarettes or some chemotherapeutic drugs. In vivo and in vitro studies typically measure genotoxicity using the comet
Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46
- to the concentrations used in the in vitro studies. The IC50 value, which is defined as the concentration of a drug that inhibits cell growth by 50%, given in the literature usually varies from 10−6 M to 10−5 M depending on the type of cell lines [32][33][34]. In the next step, voltammograms obtained
An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1978–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202
- example, the Study template for cell based in vitro studies (“s_InvID_InVitro.CB.xls”) includes the predefined columns “Characteristics [cell type {EFO:http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000324}]” and “Factor Value [exposure medium]”. 6. Predefined “Characteristics […]” columns were added to the Material file
- whether or not the sample was sonicated [49]). For cell-based in vitro studies, these “Factor Value […]” columns record the values of experimental variables associated with preparation of the composite sample being tested, i.e., the nanomaterial suspension and the biological component on which the effect
Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160
- studies to date have looked across a wide-range of engineered ZnO nanoparticle types to investigate how surface chemical modifications alter toxicity. The toxicity of ZnO NPs to a wide range of species can be found elsewhere in literature from in vivo [8][9] to in vitro studies [10][11]. Bare ZnO NPs
Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124
- a versatile and facile wet chemical synthesis that allows size control and ligand exchange without affecting the resulting nanoparticle purity or stability. The in vitro studies were performed using HeLa cells and hMSCs. The cytotoxicity increased with increasing silver content in the nanoalloys
Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88
- [41]. This becomes a critical problem in many in vitro studies, in which the actual dose rate to the cells may be strongly affected by agglomeration kinetics and subsequent sedimentation rates rather than the original NP concentration [41]. Particle size and surface curvature have also been identified
Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66
- trials, there is also a wide field of in vitro studies. From the final stages of gamete maturation up to the blastocyst stage, when implantation becomes imminent, the reproductive process can be monitored employing easily obtainable, well-defined primary cells with clearly defined functions by using
- of nanoparticles per embryo. Therefore, to improve the predictive value of future in vitro studies the experimental design should involve the testing of dosages realistic for in vivo exposure scenarios. However, to facilitate this, more biodistribution studies need to be performed, which firstly
Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57
- was more prominent than that of LSMO@SiF@Si-w, which was attributed to the fact that the latter contains less fluorescein. To check the biocompatibility of these nanocomposites, in vitro studies were carried out on HeLa cells and primary skin fibroblasts. The studies suggested that the HeLa cells
- fluorescence studies. The size of the particles was found to be 31 ± 4 nm with an emission peak at approx. 620 nm. The in vitro studies with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) suggested that these NPs could be used simultaneously as fluorescent and MRI contrasting agent. 2.4 Manganese oxide as
- the synthesized nanocomposites exhibited a signal enhancement in the T1-weighted MRI images with increasing Mn concentration. The in vitro studies performed on HeLa cells suggested cell viability of more than 80% even at a Mn concentration of 50 mg·mL−1. The combination of results obtained from flow
Pulmonary surfactant augments cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles: Studies on an in vitro air–blood barrier model
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 517–528, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.54
- to investigate the potential hazard of NPs. However, in most in vitro studies a crucial alveolar component has been neglected. Before aspirated NPs encounter the cellular air–blood barrier, they impinge on the alveolar surfactant layer (10–20 nm in thickness) that lines the entire alveolar surface
- ]. Thus, in vitro studies focusing on cytotoxicity of NPs at and transport of NPs across this cellular air–blood barrier, must take into account that a prior interaction of NPs with pulmonary surfactant components will occur. Pulmonary surfactant comprises up to 90% phospholipids (phosphatidylcholines
- (aSNPs) that they will be entirely coated with a phospholipid bilayer [7]. Consequently, an impaired cytotoxicity and transport/translocation to other organs may be perceived due to this surfactant coating. Several in vitro studies on aSNP toxicity have already been conducted using simple as well as
Tailoring the ligand shell for the control of cellular uptake and optical properties of nanocrystals
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 232–242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.22
- PI-b-PEO a successive emulsion polymerization gives the possibility of adding a variety of functional monomers to the nanoparticle. In vitro studies The influence of differently sized and functionalized nanocontainers on the interaction with cells was tested on human alveolar epithelial cells (A549
Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9
- ENMs, there are several issues with the assessment of the possible toxic effects of BNNTs. In early studies, there was no clear consensus regarding their cytotoxicity. In some reports it was found that BNNTs were toxic [73], and in others, not [74]. Naturally, first, in vitro studies were undertaken to
- , although all in vitro studies provide very valuable data for the toxicity assessment, evaluation of this novel material under in vivo conditions is critically important. At the moment, a lack of in vivo data is one reason a solid conclusion about the toxicity of the BNNTs cannot be drawn. Drug delivery The
Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250
- implicated in the development of atherosclerosis [27]. In vitro studies showed that this receptor is engaged in the internalization of negatively charged ResovistTM, a SPIO of 20–60 nm in size, by human macrophages via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Hence, the uptake of negatively charged nanoparticles of
- infiltrate inner organs, such as spleen, liver, and lungs [38]. To mimic the differentiated state of macrophages for in vitro studies, monocytic cells can be further differentiated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [39][40]. Figure 2 shows that the phenotype of human
Electrostatic interplay: The interaction triangle of polyamines, silicic acid, and phosphate studied through turbidity measurements, silicomolybdic acid test, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2026–2035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.211
- inspired numerous in vitro studies aiming to characterize polyamine–silica interactions. The determination of these interactions at the molecular level is of fundamental interest on one hand for the understanding of cell wall biogenesis in diatoms and on the other hand for designing bioinspired materials
- negatively charged silica particles [18][20]. Subsequent in vitro studies support the idea of polyamine-stabilized sols [21][22]. In contrast to the charged PAH, uncharged polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol cannot undergo such a self-assembly process driven by electrostatic
- “tuning” parameter for bioinspired silica synthesis approaches based on the use of LCPAs which should be further exploited in future in vitro studies. Experimental Reagents and chemicals Polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH; (C3H8ClN)n; M = 15000 g/mol, n ≈ 160), allylamine (C3H7N; M = 57.09 g/mol
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