Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Automated collection and categorisation of STM images and STS spectra with and without machine learning

• Dylan Stewart Barker and
• Adam Sweetman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1367–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.99

• [19]. A custom Python script was written with a graphical interface. The script would show each spectrum individually, with a choice of four labels depending on the visibility of the surface state (SS): SS “good”, SS “step visible”, SS “peak visible”, and SS “not visible”. When classifying the data

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• interface or within imperfections of the solid core [74]. Despite their advantages, SLNs face certain challenges, such as limited drug loading capacity due to the crystalline structure of the solid lipid matrix, risks of drug leakage during storage, and a relatively high water content in the formulation [73

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• mechanistic model of CNT growth, in which the structure and dynamics of the CNT edge at the catalyst interface govern transitions between kinetic regimes [32]. The versatility of the proposed method extends beyond the specific imaging modality used in this study. Its robustness makes it applicable to other in

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• [46][47][48]. LSFL formation is often attributed to the interference between incoming electromagnetic radiation and surface electromagnetic waves and involves surface polaritons and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). These SPPs propagate along the interface of the two media in which the electron

• determined at room temperature, which might not be appropriate for metals heated with intense femtosecond laser pulses. The LIPSS period becomes smaller when the stainless steel surface is rougher as the roughness increases the real part of the refractive index at the metal–air interface [61]. Variation of

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• . This distinction suggests that while the crystallite size governs the internal crystalline quality and carrier mobility, the particle size affects the surface area and interface kinetics. Ideally, a material such as BiVO4(326) with both large crystallites and small, porous particles offers superior PEC

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• ionizable bioactive compounds such as phenolics and carotenoids, which can associate with the droplet interface. These compounds likely expand the diffuse electrical double layer surrounding the nanodroplets, thereby increasing the magnitude of the zeta potential, enhancing stability by preventing droplet

• increased to 250 °C at a rate of 5 K/min, maintaining the final temperature for 10 min. Mass spectra were acquired using a mass range of m/z 40–500, an interface temperature of 250 °C, and an ion source temperature of 220 °C. The solvent cutoff time was 3 min, and the event time was 0.20 min. The sweep

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• Interface Science (KiNSIS), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.84 Abstract High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) represent a promising material class with significant potential in various applications, such as heterogeneous

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• typically been fabricated through casting small pieces of GO flakes onto a substrate. In this study, the SLGO film was synthesized by oxidizing single-layer graphene (SLG) grown by metal-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a α-Al2O3(0001) substrate. The strong interface interaction between SLG and α

• XPS spectra of SLG/α-Al2O3(0001) is shifted to the lower binding energies by 1.0 eV compared with that of graphite (284.4 eV) [23]. This is due to p-type doping of SLG associated with a strong electrostatic interaction between SLG and the α-Al2O3(0001) at the interface [18]. In SLGO, on the other hand

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• phases exhibit ferroelectric properties, except for the cubic crystalline phase [23]. The size and crystal structure of BaTiO3 can vary based on the synthesis method. Notably, BaTiO3 holds promise as a bone-like graft and as a nano–bio interface, thanks to its excellent cytocompatibility and its positive

• enhance its potential as a nano–bio interface in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine [28][29]. The crystalline structure of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) consists of in-plane B–N bonds that are sp2 hybridized, polarized, and strongly covalent. Its most stable form is a hexagonal lattice of

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks via polymer chemistry [70][71][72][73][74]. In particular, some thin-film techniques based on interface science are useful for the deliberate and rational assembly of ordered aggregated membrane structures. This is exemplified by the development of methods

• dispersed on water and formed floating domains at the air–water interface in the absence of applied pressure. The aggregates were constituted by small molecular units, with their alkyl chains oriented towards the air phase. Upon compression, the domains merged to form a coherent monolayer. The monolayer was

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• simple handling and safe suspension of the products for further use. On the other hand, the interaction of the irradiated surfaces and NPs with the liquid forms an active interface for energy exchange, leading to extreme cooling rates of 1000 K per nanosecond, which quenches melted particles, generates

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• % purity) was deposited on the Si(111)-(7 × 7) surface from an EFM3T e-beam sublimator (Focus GmbH, Huenstetten, Germany) at substrates temperatures of 550 °C. Under these conditions, a CaF interface layer is formed, which removes the Si (7 × 7) reconstruction and allows for growing multilayers of well

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• process occurring at the interface between diamond and Ni nanoparticles was revealed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) [19][24]. During annealing, Ni nanoparticles etch the diamond surface, resulting in the formation of a narrow interdiffusion zone. The carbon atoms released

• requires a detailed study. HRTEM has proven very useful for investigating the graphite–diamond interface [19][24]. However, it provides information about local morphology and ordering of diamond surface and graphite layers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine

• through the saturation of bonds on the etched diamond surface by free carbon atoms diffusing from the Ni-diamond interface. This implies that the multilayer graphitic layers formed on the surface of micro-sized crystallites in the annealed Ni-coated PCD are also oriented perpendicular to the crystallite

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• hybridization occurring at the interface between cerium oxide and metals, either as substrates [23], as supported nanoparticles (NPs) [26][27] or as dopants [28]. The insight provided by such studies is highly relevant, since cerium oxide is often combined with metals in various applications. For example, it

• [53]. The NPs exhibited an Ag–Ag interatomic distance contracted by 3–4% compared to the bulk value [53]. The contraction was mainly ascribed to dimensionality effects, with epitaxial effects having a minor role. Additionally, the Ag–O interatomic distance at the interface between the NPs and the

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• retained in the carbon layers. The horizontally oriented graphitic layers act as a barrier and prevent sodium from penetrating into the underlaying MoS2 film. In the PyC-MoS2 hybrid, sodium accumulation occurs more on the MoS2 surface or at the interface between MoS2 and PyC, than in the bulk of MoS2

• the PyC top layer and the hybrid interface accumulate sodium. Sodium deeply penetrated into the bare MoS2 film, causing a transition from the 2H structure to the 1T´ structure due to the transfer of electron density to MoS2. Annealing of sodiated samples at 773 K in ultrahigh vacuum resulted in almost

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• interface of biomolecules has considerably slower dynamics than water molecules in the bulk. Besides, the first water layer on the interface is responsible for hydration forces between biomolecular structures [5]. The rearrangement of water molecules through hydrogen bonding on hydrated surfaces generates

• nanosheets. Large GO nanosheets are important to provide effective surface area for coating adhesion to the flat substrate and cross-linking in the coating network. Interactions at the interface between the coating and substrate include electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• phase, where the accumulation of minority carriers near the interface leads to recombination and electron flow into the surface. Over time, a steady state is reached when the rate of hole influx at the interface balances charge transfer and recombination, resulting in a stable photocurrent. When the

• instantaneous negative spike and the reduction in photocurrent until the point of light switch off measure the recombination current, they should be of similar magnitude. The steady-state photocurrent (as in other films Figure 11a,c,d), in contrast, is the flux of holes that successfully enter the interface

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• application-relevant at the interface between nutritional science and the pharmaceutical industry [46][47]. This study aims to elucidate how an organic MP suspension needs to be designed to enable energy- and process-efficient fragmentation with just one nominal laser pulse-per-particle (and practically only

• incidence fluence of (284 ± 45) mJ·cm−2. The estimated fluence values are defined as the incident fluence at the CJ interface. Of course, in the excited volume there are geometry-related fluence gradients due to refraction at the curved interface between ambient air and the liquid jet, as well as

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• promising, their performance is often limited by surface properties of the III–V semiconductor material, which furthermore can vary for individual nanowires. This includes native oxides on semiconductor surfaces and their possible removal, surface passivation, and interface defects [27]. Therefore, in-depth

• used to obtain detailed information about nanowire surface, interface composition, and chemical reactions averaging over thousands or millions of nanowires in ensemble measurements [28], SPEM allows to investigate individual semiconductor nanostructures [29]. We investigated the surface chemical

• the local binding energy position of the core level directly follows the energy of the valence and conduction band and thus the band-bending at the interface between the p- and n-doped segments, the observed shift in binding energy directly reflects the in-built potential of the p–n junction at the

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• confirmed by the matching orientations of the lattice planes, suggesting a coherent interface between the two materials. Similar results were reported by Chaudhuri et al. [19] and Elangoval and collaborators [20]. The XRD patterns reveal a relatively low contribution from the Ta2O5 and TaNO compounds, which

• interface between MgO substrate and TaN thin film. (d) Transversal section showing the interplanar spacing of TaN. (e) Indexed electron diffraction pattern of the TaN thin film. AFM image of the TaN film deposited at pN2 = 90 mTorr and T = 850 °C. Atomic composition of TaN thin films as function of pN2

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• (pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF), we enhanced the hole extracting material/perovskite junction quality in spiro-OMeTAD and in PTAA based devices. Measurements under illumination show that the improvement is caused by a reduced recombination rate at the perovskite/hole transporter interface. Keywords: cross-section

• /perovskite interface, in order to evaluate the effects of dopants such as BCF on the interfacial potential landscape in working devices. In this work we chose four HTL doping configurations that have been reported for high-performing solar cells [24][37][38]: (i) spiro-OMeTAD doped with LiTFSI and tBP, (ii

• illumination. Our results indicate that the inclusion of BCF has a passivating effect on iodide defects within the devices. Particularly, a major improvement on the diode character of the HTL/perovskite interface was observed, in both spiro-OMeTAD and PTAA cells. The details of device fabrication, ion milling

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• employed to determine structure and surface functionalities. Second, by employing TA, we aim to develop graphene layers rich in polyphenols to serve as a bioactive interface for cellular interactions. Given that TA possesses potential antioxidant properties, we assessed the in vitro free radical scavenging

• antioxidant characteristics. Given TA’s significant antioxidant potential due to its phenolic functional groups [17], it was hypothesized that graphene layers rich in phenols could serve as a biocompatible interface for PDL cells. Thus, the cytotoxicity of the FLG–TA biocomposite was evaluated by measuring

• partial antioxidant properties, creating an interface that reduces ROS and provides protection against oxidative stress for PDL cells (Figure 4). To investigate whether TA adsorption affects cell adhesion properties beyond ROS reduction, PDL cell growth was monitored at 24 and 48 h following treatment

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• understanding of material properties, particularly at the nanoscale, where phenomena such as quantum confinement, interface effects, and defect dynamics play a critical role. Innovations in characterization techniques have enabled researchers to explore these properties with unprecedented precision, paving the

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate (Fe(CO)4MA)) is studied in the gas phase using mass spectrometry and during electron-induced processes [7][8]. This issue also presents insights from initial studies using the novel (hfac)AgPMe3 precursor [9], which notably demonstrates a high level of purity at the interface with