Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• protective PI layer is extremely thin, it can be selectively removed by reactive ion etching, ultimately leaving only the biodegradable materials on the target surface. To simplify multistep fabrication processes, wafer-scale transfer methods have also been developed [74]. These involve fabricating

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• become an emerging field of research [3][4][5][6][7]. The expanding application areas require silicon nanomaterials of different morphologies, including quantum dots, nanowires, and nanocrystalline films. Si nanowires, for example, are considered as a promising alternative to silicon electrodes in Li-ion

• laser ablation with the Bessel beam profile. Another application of the nanofilaments prepared using Bessel beams can be the electrode material of Li-ion batteries. Experiments on the preliminary evaluation of the electrochemical properties of the prepared nanomaterials for their potential application

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• involvement of harmful chemicals to pre-functionalize the CNTs with high loading but also provided an effective way to enhance the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; deep eutectic solvent; dendrimers; Diels–Alder reaction; heavy metal ion adsorption; Introduction The contamination

• metal contamination. Consequently, the efficient removal of heavy metal ions remains a critical research challenge. Various methods have been employed including membrane filtration [1], flocculation [2], adsorption [3][4], precipitation [5], electrolytic removal [6], ion exchange [7], reduction [8], and

• adsorbents for both Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. The impact of contact time on the Pb2+ and Cd2+ ion adsorption efficiency was also investigated (Figure 3d). Each adsorbent showed increased adsorption efficiency for both the metal ions in the case of longer contact time ranging from 0 to 240 min. This behavior

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• stability of metal nanoparticles limits their application in biological systems and decreases their performance [12]. Other materials like silicon quantum dots, ion-imprinted polymer, and hydrogels have unique biocompatibility and specificity advantages, but long-term stability and cost make them

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• (FE-SEM, JEOS JSM6700F). An InoLab Cond 7310 conductivity meter was used to measure ion concentration. Fabrication of CTA membrane The membranes were prepared according to previous protocols with modifications [67]. Initially, the raw materials for the CTA film were dried in a vacuum oven at 80 °C for

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• higher electrodeposition current densities, suggesting preferential growth along the crystallographic direction. Higher deposition currents influence ion migration rates and nucleation kinetics, potentially leading to a preferential orientation along the (040) plane. The intensity and sharpness of the

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• increased to 250 °C at a rate of 5 K/min, maintaining the final temperature for 10 min. Mass spectra were acquired using a mass range of m/z 40–500, an interface temperature of 250 °C, and an ion source temperature of 220 °C. The solvent cutoff time was 3 min, and the event time was 0.20 min. The sweep

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• efficiency, the size analysis of the produced nanochitosan particles confirmed that both ion gelation methods produced nanostructures smaller than 100 nm (Figure 1). However, in Figure 1B, the peak area is narrower, indicating a higher uniformity in particle size. Figure 2C and 2D also show that the

• rotenoids in the nanostructures also increased the zeta potential (ζ) in both ion gelation methods, which appears to influence the polydispersity index (PDI) of these nanocomposites, as the PDI values are significantly higher than those of their respective controls (Table 1). The zeta potential is an

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• analytical techniques, we can prove that carbon incorporation into HEA NPs via ns-LAL is observable as seen in Figure 6. We prepared a cross-section sample of an amorphous HEA NP from ns-LAL synthesis via focused ion beam (FIB) preparation and compared EELS signals originating from both the core and shell

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• ) coatings deposited using electron beam evaporation (EBE) and ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) are presented. Post-process annealing at 800 °C was also conducted to examine its impact on the properties of the prepared coatings. After annealing at 800 °C, a transition from amorphous to the anatase phase

• occurred for all coatings. In particular, an increase in ion beam current led to a reduction in crystallite size by approximately 30% compared to coatings prepared by conventional EBE process. The average anatase crystallite size for annealed films was in the range of 30.8 to 43.5 nm. A detailed SEM

• , annealing caused a decrease of the transparency level by 32% for films deposited by EBE, while for films from the IBAD process the decrease was less than 10%. The use of an ion gun increased the hardness of the TiO2 films from 2.4 to 3.5 GPa (Iibg = 4 A). Although a similar relationship was observed for

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• microcrystalline powder into small nanoparticles with high efficiency. The particle size was determined by dynamic light scattering measurements (Zetasizer nanoS, Malvern Instruments). In this analysis, the prepared colloids were diluted more than tenfold with ion-exchanged water. Dispersion stability Dispersion

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• . have demonstrated that GO is effective in the removal of actinides from nuclear wastewaters [8]. However, the adsorbing mechanism of metal ions to the GO surface, such as adsorption sites, remains to be elucidated. It has been demonstrated that GO tends to aggregate during the process of metal ion

• spectrum of Cs-adsorbed SLGO shown in Figure 4c, a new component appears at the photon energies between PO1 and PO2; PO3 (532.7 eV). As detailed in the following section, Cs has been found to be adsorbed on oxygen functional groups through the process of ion exchange. Consequently, it can be inferred that

• have dissociation constants pK = 4.3, 6.6, and 9.8 [31]. It can be considered that Cs adsorbs on the oxygen functional groups through a mechanism of ion exchange. This process involves the substitution of H atoms from oxygen functional groups, such as carboxyl and hydroxy groups, with Cs atoms. It can

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• osteoblast end differentiation [75][76]. In the control+US group, calcium depositions increased on the 1st, 4th, and 7th days compared to that of the control group. This increase is expected due to the activation of calcium ion channels by US exposure, leading to enhanced Ca2+ uptake [77]. Cells treated with

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• is orientational and rotational disorder. These materials are distinguished by their high degree of plasticity and diffusivity. In the case of ionic compounds, this results in the formation of an ion-conducting phase, rendering them an intriguing material for use as a transport field for target ions

• formation of more ordered, hydrophobic coatings, while the incorporated polymers retain their electroactive properties. Ion transport through the film is still possible. Nanoarchitectonics polymer composite films can incorporate bioelectroactive proteins such as glucose oxidase. The high hydrophobicity

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• were prepared using an ion milling system, HITACHI E-3500 (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). To enhance conductivity, a 5 nm thick gold layer was sputtered onto all samples using a Cressington 108auto sputter coater (Cressington Scientific Instruments Ltd., Watford, UK). The structural analysis of each material

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• undergo rapid solvation by neighboring water molecules in ≈50 fs or transition nonadiabatically to the s-like state at a similar timescale [98][99][100]. The hydrated and thermalized electrons then recombine with ion cores and hydroxyl radicals through geminate and non-geminate recombination processes

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• . Consequently, the outer membrane, which separates the mitochondrion from the cytoplasm, has become a focus of investigation. We analysed metabolically active mitochondria from HeLa cells using scanning ion conductance microscopy to generate nanoscopically resolved, three-dimensional topographies. Our

• local environment. The similarities between the nanopipette in the measurement setup and the microtubules in the cellular context are discussed as the basis for the hypothesis. Keywords: HeLa; metabolically active; mitochondria; morphodynamics; scanning ion conductance microscopy; Introduction

• study of metabolically active organelles [26]. Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) enables three-dimensional visualisation of living cells in their native state [27]. Pioneered by Hansma et al. [28], the method has been continuously refined since the 1990s [27][29][30]. SICM utilises a

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• -ordered CaF2(111) [24][25], see [26] for further preparation details. RT experiments were performed with a UHV 750 AFM system (RHK, Troy, MI USA) operated at a base pressure of 7.0 × 10−11 mbar. An Ar+ ion-sputtered silicon cantilever with an eigenfrequency of around 300 kHz and a quality factor of 22000

• forming tip cluster in both cases. A tentative explanation for the positive-to-negative tip change is a pickup of a fluorine ion from the surface by the tip, resulting in a negative tip termination. As a consequence, the tip interacts strongly attractively with the surface Ca2+ ions, explaining the

• changes and tip changes associated with a change in tip polarity. Experimental evidence of both cases is found, with a tendency for negative tip termination to be the more stable configuration. We tentatively interpret this finding as a result of picking up a surface fluorine ion by the tip. Distance

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• devices store charge across the electric double layers [3]. Supercapacitors are highly sought-after energy storage devices, as their high power density, ultrastability, and rapid charge–discharge capability render them irreplaceable by traditional metal-ion batteries [4]. Typically, the functioning of

• electrode surface, resulting in reduced electrode flux compared to that of higher scan rates. This occurs because current densities are influenced by the rate of scanning [37]. The higher current density at 200 mV/s suggests that, at this specific scan rate, the ion transport rate and the reactions for the

• the real axis [37][41]. The minimal interfacial resistance is confirmed by the PG-CDs-AgNPs reduced RESR value. Easy electrolyte ion transport through highly conducting CDs is the primary cause of the decreased RESR and Rct for PG-CDs-AgNPs. Above all, the fact that the straight line in the case of PG

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• surface is a frequently used process of focused ion beam (FIB) systems. Here, we report on the deposition of platinum (Pt) with a new kind of cesium (Cs) FIB, in which the cesium ions are produced by a low-temperature ion source. Platinum was deposited at different acceleration voltages and ion beam

• conditions, but the deposit has lower Pt content for Cs+. The electrical resistivity of the deposit is found to be higher for Cs+ than for Ga+ and decreasing with increasing acceleration voltage. Keywords: cesium ion source; cold atom ion source; focused ion beam (FIB); FIB-induced deposition (FIBID

• ); Introduction The deposition of material at a certain spot on a sample surface is a powerful and useful feature of focused ion beam (FIB) systems. At first, the deposition was used for circuit editing and as a protection layer before milling. Nowadays, the process is more far-reaching, and three-dimensional

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany Technische Universtät Darmstadt, 64289 Darmtadt, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.68 Abstract Conical nanopores in amorphous SiO2 thin films fabricated using the ion track etching technique show promising potential for filtration, sensing

• –4%, while PECVD SiO2 shows a higher variation ranging from 8% to 18%. The impact of different ion energies on the size of the nanopores was also investigated for pores in PECVD SiO2 and shows only negligible influence. These findings provide crucial insights for the controlled fabrication of conical

• nanopores in different materials, which is essential for optimizing membrane performance in applications that require precise pore geometry. Keywords: etched ion tracks; SiO2; small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS); swift heavy ion irradiation; track-etched nanopores; Introduction Solid-state nanopores have

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• . Raman spectra reveal the presence of the E2 (low), E2 (high), and A1 (LO) Raman modes in pristine and implanted ZnO films. A gradual fall and rise in peak intensity of, respectively, the E2 (high) and A1 (LO) Raman modes is observed with increases in ion fluence. However, the E2 (low) mode broadens and

• merges completely with disorder-induced broad band at higher fluences. Moreover, the deconvolution of the A1 (LO) Raman peak affirms the presence of defect-related Raman modes in the implanted samples. A gradual reduction in crystallinity of the implanted ZnO films with increasing ion fluence is observed

• deposition rates and uniform growth of films with good reproducibility [4]. The physical properties of grown ZnO films can be tuned by altering various growth parameters and employing post-deposition treatments such as ion implantation and thermal annealing. Ion implantation has proven a versatile tool to

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• Berlin, Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.64 Abstract Hybrid materials consisting of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphitic-like carbon have great potential for practical application as anodes in high-performance sodium-ion batteries

• /desorption; sodium vapor; XPS; Introduction Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) attract increasing interest as a low-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and wide availability of sodium. Research in this field is currently focused on developing new electrode materials to increase the

• capacity and cycle life of SIBs. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has a layered structure and a high theoretical capacity of 669 mAh·g−1, so it is considered as a promising anode material for SIBs [1][2]. The large sodium ion can diffuse with a low energy barrier between the S−Mo−S layers due to the interlayer

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• (30.75 Ω), Ni/NiO/SS-5 (9.79 Ω), Ni/NiO/SS-15 (10.58 Ω), and Ni/NiO/SS-20 (19.87 Ω). The lowest Rct of Ni/NiO/SS-10 indicates the best electron/ion transfer kinetics for HER, consistent with the Tafel slope analysis. In general, the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) can be predicted by measuring the