Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• on the particle size; thus, small particles have a larger surface area for dissolution, providing faster release kinetics [39]. Uniformity of particle size is also important for the stability of the formulation, as well as for the choice of administration route. The intravenous and intramuscular

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• capabilities due to electrostatic interactions, making them highly effective in capturing MPs. Their fast adsorption kinetics support rapid water purification, and surface modifications can further enhance their performance and selectivity. These membranes are also versatile and applicable in various treatment

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• , which demonstrates effective mineralization even at high pollutant loads. This trend aligns with the photocatalytic degradation kinetics (Figure 5b), where the reaction rate constant was the highest at lower concentrations (0.169 h−1 for 50 ppm vs 0.103 h−1 for 200 ppm). While the degradation rate was

• ofloxacin in water with various initial concentrations (50, 75, 100, and 200 ppm) assisted by CC/NW-450 °C under UV irradiation. (b) The corresponding fit curves assume pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. (c) TOC removal after 6 and 12 h. (d) Cycling performance. Initial OFL concentration: 50 ppm

• ppm ofloxacin assisted by TiO2 nanowires on carbon cloth (CC/NW-450 °C), TiO2 nanowires on Ti plate (Tip/NW-450 °C), and the benchmark P25 on Ti plate (P25). (b) The corresponding fit results assuming pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 26

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• materials, both functional and structural, that are inherently designed to disintegrate upon exposure to aqueous or enzymatically active environments. These systems are tailored to follow specific degradation kinetics, governed by hydrolysis or enzymatic cleavage depending on the chemical nature of each

• transient systems must be optimized to balance electrical performance, biodegradation kinetics, and mechanical integrity. Moreover, to transcend basic sensing and stimulation functions, and to enable capabilities such as computation, memory, and autonomous decision-making, the development of high

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• of the synthesized products towards energy- and catalysis-related applications due to materials’ high surface area and prompt reaction kinetics. The potential benefits of the beam shape variation have recently initiated more active research on the ablative generation of NPs using spatially shaped

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• of trace heavy metals from aqueous solutions explaining the kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption process. Results and Discussion Dendrimerized CNTs have been fabricated by pre-functionalizing the CNTs with MA via Diels–Alder reaction, excluding harmful chemicals and energy-intensive processes

• efficiency of dendrimer-functionalized CNTs towards Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. Each data point represents the average of three independent experiments; error bars indicate standard deviations (n = 3). Kinetics and isotherm models for metal ion adsorption onto the CNTs-G5: (a) Pseudo-first order, (b) pseudo-second

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• distribution, and concentration, characteristics of defects can be tailored with unparalleled precision [95][97][98]. The strategic placement and tuning of defects within these materials can significantly enhance their electrochemical performance, improving charge transport kinetics, increasing active surface

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• as “adsorbent”, “adsorbent mechanism”, “waste”, and “walnut shell”, highlight the development of biochar from agricultural residues and adsorption mechanism evaluations. Similarly, terms like “aggregate”, ”soil remediation”, “identification”, “mechanism”, and “kinetics” indicate a research trajectory

• , adhering to second-order reaction kinetics [42]. In another approach, filtration through biochar derived from banana peel achieved a removal efficiency of up to 92.16% for PS particles sized 150–300 µm [67]. An even higher removal efficiency, reaching 99%, was observed in a dual-layer filtration model

• . Future efforts should emphasize developing tailored biochar materials for challenging MPs, such as PET and ABS, and addressing smaller particles below 10 µm to ensure comprehensive treatment in diverse environmental contexts. Adsorption kinetics of MPs on biochar Adsorption kinetics provide insights into

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• proteins, ligand exchange kinetics comparable to those of platinum complexes, their two predominant oxidation states (II and III), and their ability to mimic iron when interacting with biological molecules [124]. However, their therapeutic application is hindered, as in most of the metallodrugs, by poor

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• , lipid peroxidation facilitation, and drug release kinetics. In the following section, we explore how these engineered liposomes contribute to ferroptosis induction and tumor therapy. 3.3 Applications and advancements in liposomal drug delivery systems Liposomes are highly promising nanocarriers for drug

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• Vladimir Pimonov Said Tahir Vincent Jourdain Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France 10.3762/bjnano.16.96 Abstract This study addresses the challenge of analyzing the growth kinetics of carbon nanotubes using in situ homodyne polarization microscopy (HPM) by

• series of video processing steps to enhance contrast and used differential treatment techniques to manage low signal and fast kinetics. The DL model demonstrates consistency with manual measurements and increased throughput, laying the foundation for statistical studies of nanotube growth. The approach

• can be adapted for other types of in situ microscopy studies, emphasizing the importance of automation in high-throughput data acquisition for research on individual nano-objects. Keywords: carbon nanotubes growth kinetics; deep learning; in situ microscopy; object recognition and tracking

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• in PEC performance. Our method offers a higher degree of control over both the intermediate BiOI layer and the final BiVO4 structure, thereby enabling enhanced charge separation and surface reaction kinetics. Furthermore, this approach provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between the

• higher electrodeposition current densities, suggesting preferential growth along the crystallographic direction. Higher deposition currents influence ion migration rates and nucleation kinetics, potentially leading to a preferential orientation along the (040) plane. The intensity and sharpness of the

• kinetics. The average crystallite size (grain size) of the BiVO4 films was estimated using the Scherrer equation based on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (121) diffraction peak. The Scherrer equation to calculate average crystallite size (grain size) [24][25] is where λ is the X-ray wavelength

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• as brain, liver, spleen, lungs, arterial walls for both immediate and sustained release. Their degradation and release kinetics can be controlled or manipulated by different methods and incorporation or conjugation of specific materials. Importantly, they mainly focus on different biomaterials, drug

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• nanocarriers, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters – such as size, release kinetics, and biodistribution of the encapsulated drug – must be carefully defined to maximize the efficacy of the system [65]. Such considerations are essential to obtain stable formulations with a controlled release profile

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• solubility and stability for hydrophobic compounds. In systems containing 10% (w/w) P407 with 0.4 mg/mL PpIX (EtOH50, EtOH77, and water), the complete solubilization was achieved regardless of the solvent used. Figure 4 shows the solubilization kinetics in the polymeric systems. The average concentrations

• pharmaceutical applications. TEM micrographs revealed that PpIX micelles in water formed smaller and more uniform structures, suggesting improved drug load ability and permeability compared to alcoholic solutions. Moreover, dissolution kinetics, modeled using the Korsmeyer–Peppas equation with lag time (tlag

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• recrystallize differently from those near the substrate, forming a visible boundary. The separation between the two layers of grains may be related to the difference in the grain growth kinetics, which may be influenced by the annealing conditions. For optical coatings, amorphous, very smooth TiO2 layers with

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• %. Furthermore, the surface wettability increased by 15%, and the crystallization temperature rose by 25%, indicating an acceleration in crystallization kinetics. However, these enhancements were accompanied by a 37–50% reduction in elasticity. Despite the decrease in ductility, the elongation at break remained

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• excitation source Nanoled at 455 nm. The kinetics were monitored at 550 nm, and each solution itself was used to register the prompt at 455 nm. The system allowed for measurements of fluorescence lifetimes from 200 ps. The multiexponential fit of the fluorescence decay was obtained using the following

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• laser fields with matter has significantly enriched our understanding of material deformation and phase transition kinetics, drawing increasing attention to strongly driven physical systems [54]. Hidden material phases revealed under non-equilibrium conditions have expanded research on photoinduced

• in aqueous solutions via laser pulse exposures [1][59], demonstrating practical applications and underscoring the need for deeper insights into non-equilibrium light–matter interactions. Experimental approaches to uncover the underlying reaction kinetics of such complex interactions have been diverse

• previously unknown material phases emerge, highlighting the existence of states accessible only under strongly driven non-equilibrium conditions. This insight has spurred further investigations into ultrafast reaction kinetics beyond the thermodynamic limit. However, these diffraction techniques often yield

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• very high, it is often followed by poor stability and an inferior specific energy density. This is due to the poor conducting nature, slow redox kinetics, as well as structural collapse which occurs throughout the redox progression [7]. EDLCs are able to provide desired stability, superior power

• graph that as the scan rates are increased, the current densities rise owing to the quicker diffusion kinetics on the electrode surface [37]. A lower scan rate means that the entire voltammogram takes longer to complete than a high scan rate. At low scan rates, diffusion layers extend further from the

• -electrode investigation, due to the faster diffusion kinetics on the surface of the electrode. At high scan rates (such as 500 mV/s), there was no discernible diversion of the features of the CV profiles. The current responsiveness of the device was adequate even at a 20 mV/s scan rate. For real-time

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• fast intercalation reaction kinetics. Flower-like MoS2–carbon hybrids have demonstrated superior alkali metal storage capability and high rate performance due to the fast Na+ diffusion in radially orientated ultrathin MoS2 and graphene layers; the latter component ensured high electron transfer and

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• ][47][48]. Specifically, the overvoltage of Ni/NiO/SS-10 is lower than those of NiO/C (565 mV) [40], Ni3S2/NC (199 mV) [44], NiCoP/rGO (209 mV) [47], and NF-Ni3Se2/Ni (203 mV) [48]. Also, the Tafel slopes indicate that the reaction kinetics of the Ni/NiO/SS-10 electrode is faster than those of the

• spectroscopy (EIS) was carried out at a voltage of −200 mV to confirm the HER kinetics. Figure 6c shows the Nyquist plots of the various electrodes accompanied by an equivalent circuit (inset of Figure 6c). Ni/NiO/SS-10 has a charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 5.35 Ω, which is much smaller than that of SS

• (30.75 Ω), Ni/NiO/SS-5 (9.79 Ω), Ni/NiO/SS-15 (10.58 Ω), and Ni/NiO/SS-20 (19.87 Ω). The lowest Rct of Ni/NiO/SS-10 indicates the best electron/ion transfer kinetics for HER, consistent with the Tafel slope analysis. In general, the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) can be predicted by measuring the

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• ). This difference can be attributed to variations in alloy composition and material properties, which influence the ablation plume dynamics and particle formation kinetics during PLAL. Specifically, the thermal properties, such as melting point and heat conductivity, and the volatility of the alloy

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• experimental variables that cause the kinetics of the nanoparticles formation to change, resulting in nanoparticles with different sizes and morphologies [40]. Thermodynamic properties such as density, dielectric constant, viscosity, vapor pressure, and optical properties of the solvents are some of the

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• adsorption process followed second-order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Under optimal experimental conditions, a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 123.2 mg·g−1 was estimated using the Langmuir isotherm model. These findings indicate that PGC demonstrates strong potential as an

• a homogeneous surface. Adsorption kinetics Experimental data derived from the analysis of the effect of contact time and initial TC concentration on adsorption capacity were used to study the kinetics of TC adsorption using first-order and second-order kinetic models. Table 3 and Table 4 present the

• concentration of 60 mg·L−1 TC. TC adsorption onto PGC followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model. Additionally, preliminary tests in real water samples revealed that fulvic acid and humic acid in the water matrix affected the adsorption process. Owing to its high