Study of silica-based intrinsically emitting nanoparticles produced by an excimer laser

• Imène Reghioua,
• Mattia Fanetti,
• Sylvain Girard,
• Diego Di Francesca,
• Simonpietro Agnello,
• Layla Martin-Samos,
• Marco Cannas,
• Matjaz Valant,
• Melanie Raine,
• Marc Gaillardin,
• Nicolas Richard,
• Philippe Paillet,
• Aziz Boukenter,
• Youcef Ouerdane and
• Antonino Alessi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 211–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.19

• , F-91297 Arpajon, France 10.3762/bjnano.10.19 Abstract We report an experimental study demonstrating the feasibility to produce both pure and Ge-doped silica nanoparticles (size ranging from tens up to hundreds of nanometers) using nanosecond pulsed KrF laser ablation of bulk glass. In particular

• of a few nanometers. Keywords: Ge-doped; laser ablation; nanomaterials; optical materials; silica; Introduction In material science, laser–matter interaction encompasses not only the study of basic mechanisms but also material machining/engineering. Such emphasis is partially related to the

• carried out using a laser ablation (or irradiation) technique in liquid, which was successfully employed in the past on different materials [38][39][40]. In detail, employing a preparation procedure similar to that used in one of our previous studies [18], the samples were immersed in distilled water (the

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• polyol process where compounds like ethylene glycol act as the solvent, reducing, complexing and stabilizing agent at the same time [59]. In general, chemical methods are usually based on the reduction of dissolved cationic metal species by suitable reducing agents [1]. Physical methods like laser

• ablation have also gained increasing importance in the last decade [60]. Rhodium nanoparticles can be prepared by reduction in the presence of suitable capping agents. The manipulation of the reaction kinetics by variation of synthesis parameters such as temperature and concentration leads to nanoparticles

SERS active Ag–SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

• Cristina Gellini,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
• Alfonso Pedone and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

• , 41125 Modena, Italy Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.9.224 Abstract Highly stable Ag–SiO2 nanoparticle composites were first obtained by laser ablation of a silver target in an aqueous colloidal dispersion of silica and

• computational DFT approach provided evidence of ligand adsorption on positively charged adatoms of the silver nanostructured surface, in a very similar way to the metal/molecule interaction occurring in the corresponding Ag(I) coordination compound. Keywords: 2,2’-bipyridine; DFT; laser ablation; silica

• of the present work is to apply laser ablation to the fabrication of new materials for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [15][16], focusing on silver and silica nanoparticles in aqueous suspension. This research was undertaken for three main reasons. The first is that silver nanoparticles that

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• morphologies such as hollow tubes, ellipsoids or spheres. Fullerenes (C60), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers, carbon black, graphene (Gr), and carbon onions are included under the carbon-based NMs category. Laser ablation, arc discharge, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are the important

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• to twelve times higher than in the unfilled polymer (Figure 8) [141]. Semaltianos et al. prepared ligand-free silver nanoparticles in deionized water by laser ablation. Their colloidal solution was mixed with the polymer mixture PEDOT:PSS, which coated the metal surface. The sulfur atom of the

Au nanostructure fabrication by pulsed laser deposition in open air: Influence of the deposition geometry

• Rumen G. Nikov,
• Anna Og. Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov,
• Georgi V. Avdeev and
• Petar A. Atanasov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2438–2445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.242

• material was deposited on quartz substrates. The laser ablation was performed using an Nd:YAG laser system (Lotis LS-2147) operating at a wavelength of 355 nm with a pulse duration of 15 ns and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The PLD experiments were carried out in air at atmospheric pressure. The angle

• geometries used in the experiments. Electrical resistance and hydrophobicity of the Au nanostructures produced under different geometries. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the financial support by project DFNP-184 “Nanostructured coatings fabricated by laser ablation in air” under the Assistance for

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• batteries [3][4][5], fuel cells [6][7], supercapacitors [8][9], catalysis carriers [10][11], drug delivery [12][13] and adsorption [14][15]. Various techniques, including arc discharge [16], laser ablation [17], chemical vapor deposition [18], and solvothermal method [19], have been developed for the

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• electron transfer and redox properties. There are two main methods to synthesize CNDs: top-down (e.g., laser ablation, electrochemical synthesis) and bottom-up (e.g., combustion, microwave irradiation) [1][2]. In particular, the use of microwave (MW) irradiation is an interesting synthetic approach, which

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• (PVD) [27][28], which includes techniques such as magnetron sputter deposition, pulsed laser ablation or evaporation [3][29][30]. In this regard, PVD offers a wide processing window in terms of attainable deposition temperatures and substrates, constituent element fluxes and kinetic energies of the

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• developing the methods of their efficient synthesis. During last years, significant progress was made in this field. The arc-discharge, laser ablation and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods were optimized for the synthesis of SWCNTs in a high yield [5][6]. Synthesis parameters can be varied in a broad

• summarized. Finally, the growth properties of inner tubes inside SWCNTs filled with fullerene and organometallic molecules are considered. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes The SWCNTs can be synthesized by the arc-discharge, laser ablation and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) techniques. A detailed overview of

Graphene functionalised by laser-ablated V₂O₅ for a highly sensitive NH₃ sensor

• Margus Kodu,
• Artjom Berholts,
• Tauno Kahro,
• Mati Kook,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Helina Seemen,
• Tea Avarmaa,
• Harry Alles and
• Raivo Jaaniso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 571–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.61

• response time, sensitivity and reversibility were essentially enhanced due to graphene functionalisation by laser deposited V2O5. This can be explained by an increased surface density of gas adsorption sites introduced by high energy atoms in laser ablation plasma and formation of nanophase boundaries

• ≈20 nm in diameter from the laser-deposited nanostructured material can be distinguished in the image. It is well known that gas phase species created by laser ablation of solids have a wide distribution of kinetic energy [17]. A considerable fraction of particles can have sufficient energy (≈100 eV

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• sensitivity tests have been reported, provoking the question about whether a nanopowder could have be obtained from those colloidal suspensions. Laser ablation For the first time, Gottfried et al. [74] successfully produced RDX nanoparticles using laser ablation. A near-infrared, nanosecond pulsed laser was

• toward electrostatic discharge. Conclusion As displayed in Table 6, the smallest diameter of RDX is either obtained from wet techniques or from small-scale approaches which cannot be transferred to industry (PVD and laser ablation). Even if PVD has been successfully used in the semiconductor sector for

• our everyday electronic devices for decades, PVD applied on energetic materials will never be able to reach a production of several hundred of grams per hour. However, PVD is suitable for the current trend to create ”pyrotechnic integrated circuits”. Femtosecond laser ablation is used for nanoparticle

Laser irradiation in water for the novel, scalable synthesis of black TiO_x photocatalyst for environmental remediation

• Massimo Zimbone,
• Giuseppe Cacciato,
• Mohamed Boutinguiza,
• Vittorio Privitera and
• Maria Grazia Grimaldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 196–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.21

• annealing treatment, according to the most common synthesis techniques [21]. Recently, we proposed laser ablation in water as a synthesis route for efficient TiO2-based catalysts by using a high energy 1064 nm wavelength laser [22][24][25]. In the present work, we focus our attention on the synthesis of a

• samples have a surface area of 0.7 cm2. The synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNps) was performed by pulsed laser ablation in liquid by irradiating a Pt metal foil (Sigma Aldrich, purity 99%) with a Nd:YAG laser (Giant G790-30) at 1064 nm (10 ns pulse duration, 10 Hz repetition rate). The laser was

• ; (b) synthesis of Pt nanoparticles via laser ablation in water; (c) schematic representation of the black TiOx/Ti/PtNp multilayer structure after the deposition of the Pt nanoparticles on the rear side of the irradiated Ti foil. Left: Photograph of the irradiated sample. Middle: low-magnification SEM

Grazing-incidence optical magnetic recording with super-resolution

• Gunther Scheunert,
• Sidney. R. Cohen,
• René Kullock,
• Ryan McCarron,
• Katya Rechev,
• Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri,
• Ora Bitton,
• Paul Dawson,
• Bert Hecht and
• Dan Oron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 28–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.4

• recording layer, became paramagnetic. Polarization dependence of absorptivity (λ = 785 nm): p-polarized light is 3.5–4 times better absorbed than s-polarized light. Large powers damaged the sample irreversibly by laser ablation, leaving a topographical trench (not shown) and strong artefacts in the magnetic

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• sponges [17]. Carbon nanofoams have first been produced using pulsed laser ablation of glassy carbon in argon atmosphere [18] and later, as graphite in liquid nitrogen [19]. Pulsed-laser deposition has also been used for the fabrication of carbon nanofoam electrodes [20]. Carbon nanotube foam in the form

• addition, the hydrothermal technique leads directly to carbon nanofoam with no further treatment necessary. This is important since nanocarbon materials often need to be purified after synthesis. For example, production methods such as arc discharge [63] and laser ablation [64] may lead to carbon soot

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• can be dissolved in HSO3Cl within minutes [36]. Synthesis There are three different methods for the production of CNTs: (1) arc discharge, (2) CVD, and (3) laser ablation. The size, shape, yield, structure and orientation of CNTs and MLG are largely dependent on the process variables. Therefore, fine

• currently highest volume and surface densities of 60–70 kg·m−3 and 1016 m−2, respectively [44]. Laser ablation: Laser ablation was employed to produce fullerene. It was later applied to produce SWNTs on metal particles as catalyst. The high price of CNTs limits their widespread application. This is mainly

• caused by limited mass production [130]. Laser ablation is capable of the production of SWNTs in large quantities with average diameters of about 1.2 nm [36]. Laser ablation produces refined CNT but at a lower yield. Composites Some of the processes to produce nanocomposites are described in Table 4. The

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in pure water and in chloride solution

• Brunella Perito,
• Emilia Giorgetti,
• Paolo Marsili and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 465–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.40

• as antibacterial agents with applications in several fields due to their strong, broad-range antimicrobial properties. AgNP synthesis by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) permits the preparation of stable Ag colloids in pure solvents without capping or stabilizing agents, producing AgNPs more

• : antibacterial activity; colloid; laser ablation; nanoparticles; silver; Introduction The interest in nanoscale metal particles is constantly growing as they find wide application in diverse fields ranging from sensing [1][2][3], medicine [4], catalysis [5][6][7][8], to astrobiology [9][10] and many others. In

• by synthesizing the NPs using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL). In fact, PLAL is a physical approach that permits preparation of stable metal colloids in pure solvents without the use of capping or stabilizing agents [26][27]. The NPs are obtained by focusing a pulsed laser beam onto a metallic

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• application, different fullerenes are chosen according to their slight differences in properties. Historically, the first technique to synthesize fullerenes was based on laser ablation of graphite targets in a He gas; however, this does not produce large quantities of the material and is thus mostly used for

• metal catalyst such as cobalt [48]. The nanotubes are typically bound together by strong van der Waals interactions and form tight bundles. The second method, laser ablation, uses continuous wave [49] or pulsed [50] lasers to ablate a carbon target in a 1200 °C tube furnace. A laser beam evaporates a

• acid [53]. In both the arc discharge and laser ablation methods, bundles of MWNTs and SWNTs held together by van der Waals forces are generated by the condensation of carbon atoms generated from the evaporation of solid carbon sources. The third method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), involves the

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• methods for production of NPs, such as lithography, laser ablation, aerosol techniques radiolysis, and photochemical reduction. Generally, these methods are costly, energy intensive or they can be harmful to human and environment [14][15]. For example, the production of nanomaterials through chemical

Au nanoparticle-based sensor for apomorphine detection in plasma

• Chiara Zanchi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Sebastiano Trusso,
• Ugo de Grazia,
• Emilio Ciusani and
• Paolo M. Ossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2224–2232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.228

• colloids synthesized by laser ablation in liquids, suitably functionalized and tagged with Raman reporters, have effectively revealed specific biomolecules, even in chemically complex environments such as cells [9][10][11][12]. On the other hand, silver and gold colloids produced by chemical routes can be

• were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of a metal target in inert gas at high pressure. With respect to free expansion in vacuum, the ambient gas modifies the expansion of the plasma plume, consisting of species ablated from the target surface. Depending on the nature of the gas and the pressure

Fabrication of hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds by incorporating ligand-free hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into biodegradable polymer scaffolds and release studies

• Balazs Farkas,
• Marina Rodio,
• Ilaria Romano,
• Alberto Diaspro,
• Romuald Intartaglia and
• Szabolcs Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2217–2223, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.227

• composite thin films of hydroxyapatite (HA) and biodegradable polymers by combining pulsed laser ablation in liquid and mask-projection excimer laser stereolithography (MPExSL). Ligand-free HA nanoparticles were prepared by ultrafast laser ablation of a HA target in a solvent, and then the nanoparticles

• gradual release of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles over thin film biodegradation is reported. Keywords: biodegradable scaffolds; biodegradation; hydroxyapatite; laser ablation in liquid; stereolithography; Introduction Interfaces between osteochondral prosthetics and the surrounding bone tissue are of

• ], combustion preparation [11] and various wet chemistry techniques [12][13]. However, these routes have drawbacks regarding the synthesis attributed to the use of hazardous surfactants that are not suitable for biomedical applications [14]. Pulsed laser ablation of solid targets in liquids (PLAL) for the

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• wet chemical syntheses by co-reduction of gold and silver salts with citrate [18][19], NaBH4 [20] or starch and glucose [21], reduction with hydrazine in water-in-oil emulsions [22], sol–gel processes [23] or UV irradiation [24]. Recently, the generation of alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles by laser

• ablation was reported [25][26][27]. Alloying of presynthesized silver core/gold shell nanoparticles by refluxing with oleylamine [28] or ultrasonication of separate gold and silver nanoparticles [29] was also described. Here, an aqueous co-reduction of silver nitrate and tetrachloroauric acid with a

Improved optical limiting performance of laser-ablation-generated metal nanoparticles due to silica-microsphere-induced local field enhancement

• Zheren Du,
• Lianwei Chen,
• Tsung-Sheng Kao,
• Mengxue Wu and
• Minghui Hong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1199–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.122

• nanomaterials have been found to exhibit optical limiting properties. Laser ablation offers the possibility of fabricating nanoparticles from a wide range of target materials. For practical use of these materials, their optical limiting performance, including optical limiting threshold and the ability to

• efficiently attenuate high intensity light, needs to be improved. In this paper, we fabricate nanoparticles of different metals by laser ablation in liquid. We study the optical nonlinear properties of the laser-generated nanoparticle dispersion. Silica microspheres are used to enhance the optical limiting

• the nanoparticle dispersion. Keywords: laser ablation; local field enhancement; microspheres; nanoparticles; optical limiting; Introduction Laser ablation in liquid (LAL) is a versatile technique to fabricate nanoparticles. Conventional synthesis of nanoparticles by chemical reactions is usually

Low-cost formation of bulk and localized polymer-derived carbon nanodomains from polydimethylsiloxane

• Juan Carlos Castro Alcántara,
• Mariana Cerda Zorrilla,
• Lucia Cabriales,
• Luis Manuel León Rossano and
• Mathieu Hautefeuille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 744–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.76

• Universitaria, D.F. México, México 10.3762/bjnano.6.76 Abstract We present two simple alternative methods to form polymer-derived carbon nanodomains in a controlled fashion and at low cost, using custom-made chemical vapour deposition and selective laser ablation with a commercial CD-DVD platform. Both

• characterization of the byproduct materials are reported. We demonstrate that CVD led to bulk production of graphitic nanocrystals and single-walled carbon nanotubes while direct laser ablation may be employed for the formation of localized fluorescent nanodots. In the latter case, graphitic nanodomains and multi

• -wall carbon nanotubes are left inside microchannels and preliminary results seem to indicate that laser ablation could offer a tuning control of the nature and optical properties of the nanodomains that are left inside micropatterns with on-demand geometries. These low-cost methods look particularly

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• where produced by laser ablation in liquids [52][53], which allows for the synthesis of highly pure particles free of any stabilisers or reducing agents which might exert a toxicological impact of their own. In addition, laser ablation of solid noble metal alloy targets in water results in homogenous

• small pilot study we compared the effects of silver nanoparticles, which are conjugated to BSA “in situ” and “ex situ” on oocyte maturation. In case of in situ bioconjugation silver nanoparticles are synthesized by laser ablation of a solid target in the presence of the biomolecule of choice [52][79

• ]. The ex situ method is an alternative approach where the ablation site is physically separated from bioconjugation [80]. To this end laser ablation is carried out in a flow through reactor, while biomolecules are added at specified time delays. Innate to the in situ bioconjugation method is a distinct