Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• stretching and bending of Si–O present in the clay layers [7]. The spectra for Nb2O5 and NbOPO4 and the bentonite modified with niobium before and after adsorption/photocatalysis present an intense band in the region of 630 cm−1 related to the stretching of the Nb–O bond. The A-BEPh, A-BEPhP, A-BEOx, and A

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) layers. The latter method involves the synthesis of layered 2D zeolites in the presence of CTAB and organic structure directing agents (OSDAs), followed by calcination to remove them from the resulting products [1]. The choice of the OSDA determines not only the interlamellar

• hybrid zeolite–CTAB aggregates, inorganic pillars are pre-formed in the CTAB layers, which will keep the zeolite lamellae from collapsing when burning the organic phase. The flexibility in the choice of material to form pillars creates a wide range of potential new materials for targeted applications

• . Typically, such pillars are amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles formed during the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) introduced into liquid crystalline 2D CTAB layers that fill the interlamellar space between the 2D zeolite nanosheets. Tetraethoxytitanium (TEOT) is a homolog of TEOS, and its hydrolysis

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• , that is, La2NiMnO6 (LNMO), is studied with the organic and inorganic hole transport layers (HTLs) Cu2O and PEDOT:PSS. Our study yields a significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells with two types of HTLs. The optimized devices achieved a maximum PCE of

• 2009 to 26.1% in 2023 [5][6]. PSCs consist of an absorber layer sandwiched between charge transport layers (CTLs), that is, the hole transport layer (HTL) and the electron transport layer (ETL). Light generates excitons, which further dissociate into electrons and holes. The electrons and holes are

• passivation, efficiencies of 20.8% for Cs0.05(FA0.90MA0.10)0.95Pb(I0.90Br0.10)3, 18.9% for MAPbI3, and 18.7% for FAPbI3 perovskite layers were observed under ambient conditions and illumination for over 900 h. Mohammed et al. [9] optimized triple-cation PSCs that maintained 83% of the efficiency after 1600 h

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• . When ingested in sufficient quantities, they provide health advantages as they colonize the gut, and their metabolites generally show antimicrobial and health promotion activity to the host [6][7][8]. The thick peptidoglycan layers with crosslinks and the complex cell wall structures of Gram-positive

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• strongly to the steel surface and individual crystals coalesce to form larger, continuous scale layers. While it is unclear how, in detail, an SNF coating can affect the scale growth process, we hypothesize that the flow characteristics near the surface play an important role. While at regular solid–liquid

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• template has a similar refractive index as the titania thin layers obtained with a sol–gel process, suggesting a similar porosity despite the more complicated geometry. The work further supports the use of biological photonic structures for synthesizing novel optical devices. Results Appearance and

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• efforts of many researchers are aimed at finding approaches and methods for “managing” the composition of the protein corona, which, in particular, can provide the possibility of targeted delivery of drugs [1][2][3]. The protein corona is formed by two layers on any NP, called the hard and soft coronas

• layered (Figure 2d3). Then, 2 mL of 10% intact FBS or NBS were applied on top of the resulting gradient and underwent UC for 18 h at 4 °C (Ultracentrifuge L8-70M, rotor SW-40, 100,000g). The layers were then separated; each was diluted with PBS to 14 mL and underwent UC again for 2 h, to clear from

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• ][41][43]. The decomposed surrounding liquid has a carbon-rich environment. As the polycrystals grow, they also act as a nucleus for carbon atoms to self-assemble [27][50], forming graphite layers and, eventually, core–shell NPs of different sizes. This formation of graphite layers might prevent the

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• cellular membranes and carriers is coextrusion through polyester or polycarbonate membranes with various pore sizes [51][52]. In this method, mechanical extrusion forces the nanocarriers into the membrane vesicles. This approach yields product uniformity and preserves membrane protein layers, though it

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• . Macroscopically observable mucilage is often a transparent, gel-like capsule formed around the diaspore after hydration with water (Figure 1). At the microscale mucilage exhibits, before hydration, successive layers formed by adcrustation in the mucilaginous cells of the seed/fruit coat (the outermost covering of

• of the mucilage – from pressed layers to a 3D network Substances with gel character (slime, mucus, and mucilage) are ubiquitous in nature and are produced by diverse organisms such as bacteria, plants representing diverse groups (algae, ferns, and higher plants), and animals (fishes, frogs, and

• hydration [8][22][38]. Mucilage, which is produced by the mucilaginous cells of diaspores in a form of densely packed layers, has the ability of loosening its structure after hydration into an easily accessible 3D fibrillar network [7][13][14][39] (Figure 3 and Figure 4 below). One of the key components of

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• spines and setae (Figure 4). The setae display nanostructures in the form of grooves and are hollow (Figure 4D). No morphological distinction was observed between white and black setae (Figure 4A). The cuticle is composed of overlapping lamellae with connective pillars and underlying layers (Figure 5

•  5) are integral to the structures represented in Figure 6, where setae and lamellae likely enhance light absorption through multiple scattering and increased path length as light interacts with the cuticular protrusions and lamellar layers. Additionally, iterative scattering and absorption occur

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• multiscale materials development pipeline (Figure 8). The general structure of this framework is based on a set of interfaces and different abstraction layers. General user queries, related to use cases, are translated into tasks and workflows, returning advice and support to decision making [60]. The

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• , phospholipids help to form a carrier-like structure, which is an integral part of the system. In addition, the modification of lipoidal layers with a PEG chain provides flexibility to the nanocarrier. The ratio of the polymer and lipid can easily be adjusted to modulate the physicochemical characteristics of

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• and hybrid devices with combined functionalities [16]. We focus on the DBR structure out of lithium niobate. To achieve PhC effects, one of the ways is creating alternating layers of LN and another material with a contrasting refractive index. We chose TiO2 and SiO2 as it has a considerable difference

• transferred onto a DBR structure consisting of 11 layers of SiO2/Ta2O5. The optimized design of the DBR effectively suppresses the leakage of acoustic energy [33]. Superradiance describes a collective effect where excited atoms or molecules emit light much faster than they would individually [33][34]. This

• photonic band could be tuned for specific for real applications. Methodology The reflectance of the multilayer stack was evaluated by simulating it in COMSOL Multiphysics. Lithium niobate (n = 2.21) is placed in odd layers while TiO2 (n = 2.6) is in even layers. Figure 1 shows alternating PhC layers of LN

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• surface coatings based on the slick surfaces of carnivorous pitcher plants (Nepenthes), termed slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS). This study introduces a simplified method to produce SLIPS using a polydopamine (PDA) anchor layer, inspired by mussel adhesion. SLIPS layers were formed on

• about the presence and ordering of specific chemical groups within the substrate–PDA–FDT layers was provided by SFG spectra collected from the COC–PDA–FDT sample (Figure 4). The stretching region between 1100 and 1850 cm−1 contains modes related to specific molecular groups within each layer of the

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• , bilayer WSe2 can be divided into 3-rhombohedral (3R) and 2-hexagonal (2H) phases [24][26][38]. When two layers are stacked antiparallel, bilayer WSe2 exhibits a hexagonal stacked (H-stacked) structure with inversion symmetry. In contrast, artificially stacking two layers in parallel to form a rhombohedral

•  1a). In contrast, the BA stacking order, opposite to AB, induces upward polarization (Figure S1a). The transition between AB and BA stacking orders can be accomplished through the interlayer sliding of adjacent WSe2 layers. To further investigate the OOP polarization in 3R WSe2, we prepared the

• contrast, and characterized by photoluminescence (PL) measurements at room temperature (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). The relative angles between crystalline axes of the top and bottom WSe2 layers were determined by polarization-resolved SHG measurements. The zigzag directions of the two

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• compared to the full-size films. This is because at the edges of the structure, the film thickness may differ from that at the center. Smooth edges are also necessary for good contact with subsequent layers. For this reason, special attention is paid to the development of technology for creating structures

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• complete characterization of the GO sample is available in [36]. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to assess size, morphology, number of layers, and surface chemistry of GO. The GO sample used in this study consists of single layers with

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• prototyping and experimentation, such as electron and ion beams, and in particular FEBID [11][12][13]. FEBID has a resolution of a few nanometres [14] and can be automated [15] or combined with other technologies [16][17]. It can be used to deposit conductive or insulating layers, as well as layers of special

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• . More importantly, changes in grain size and structure due to the effect of the MgO/Ta buffering layers have a strong impact on saturation magnetization and coercivity of Fe3O4 thin films compared to cases of no or just a single buffering layer. Keywords: buffer layer; Fe3O4; magnetite; RF magnetron

• and RMS roughness, and in the formation of a polycrystalline structure. Changes in grain size and structure have a strong impact on saturation magnetization and coercivity of the Fe3O4 thin films. Our results indicate that the combination of Ta and MgO buffer layers can influence the morphology and

• ) substrate using RF magnetron sputtering. This was followed by the formation of a 5 nm thick layer of MgO. The Fe3O4 layers were applied using RF magnetron sputtering at a base pressure of 10−8 Torr, employing a flow of 33 sccm of Ar gas to maintain a stable plasma. The initially deposited films were

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• the effect of at 2 µmol/L pure DOX on HeLa cells (i.e., 37% ± 7%). Also, as in our experiments, the data on DOX release at pH 7.4, 6.0, and 5.0 from polyelectrolyte layers indicated no release of DOX at pH 7.4 and high DOX release at pH 6.0 and 5.0. The growth of human hepatoma cells (HepG2) was

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• 2004, the unique properties of two-dimensional materials have sparked intense research interest regarding their use as alternative materials in various photonic applications. Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers have been proposed as transport layers in photovoltaic cells, but the promising

• ]. Integrating 2D materials in PSCs can improve their performance. The 2D materials can provide protective layers that work like a shield to the perovskite materials to protect them from environmental degradation caused by moisture and oxygen and provide better device scalability to the PSCs, which makes large

• various layers including the active/absorber layers, the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole transport layer (HTL) [12][13]. Both HTL and ETL play a crucial role in achieving a high performance of PV devices. The most common HTL material is spiro-OMeTAD, but it is very expensive [14]. Furthermore

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• are highly susceptible to mechanical failure because of their brittle nature; in contrast, the etched SiNW arrays exhibit superior optical absorption and enhanced surface catalytic reaction properties. The intimate contact between 1D Si NWs and thin TiO2 layers reduces the recombination rate of

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• acquisition [21][22]. In this way, an image of the local contact potential difference between tip and sample is obtained. This has been shown not only for general surfaces, for example, insulating surfaces, but also for molecules and molecular layers [18][23][24][25]. Here, we study the local work function

• layer on the tip, we expect that it adopts an image charge distribution that generates a similar electrostatic field as the charge located in the sample. The charge distribution in the sample in our own calculations is distributed over two atomic layers (Au–Au distance: 0.28 nm, see also Supporting

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• , this void is a strong indicator of gas formation during the deposition process. The halo region H1 is composed of three layers, that is, the interfacial silver layer, the carbonaceous layer, and a layer of silver particles at the top. As depicted in Figure 1d, the upper two layers merge along H1