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Search for "liquids" in Full Text gives 220 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52
Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44
- differentiate between the liquids. We show that the proposed liquid sensor can classify different liquids, including organic solvents (acetone, chloroform, and different alcohols) and is also able to differentiate low concentrations of glycerin in water (10–100 ppm). We have also investigated the influence of
- two important properties of the liquids, namely dielectric constant and vapor pressure, on the transduction of the MFC-MWCNT sensors. These results were corroborated by independent heat flow measurements (thermogravimetric analysis). The proposed MFC-MWCNT sensor platform may help paving the way to
- rapid test, identification, and monitoring of liquid samples in various fields such as fuel adulteration, water quality, solvents, and beverages [6][7][8][9]. Usually, the testing of liquids requires conventional analytical techniques such as absorption/emission spectroscopy (AAS/AES), X-ray
Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33
- time. This equation is applicable for the case of nanoparticles dispersed in liquids for vapour generation, the most common non-medical application of PT energy conversion [90]. The equation governing the temperature distribution in an isotropic nanomaterial is given by where ρ is the density, C is the
Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113
- liquids flow over solid surfaces [29][30]. The highest economic and ecological potential for this technology is the shipping industry [31]. The optimal parameters for stable air retention have been previously investigated [1][32] and theoretical calculations have been performed [33][34][35]. Four criteria
Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111
- iron. Therefore, biological external surfaces that strongly repel liquids appeared to be suitable, particularly the hair cover of the water fern Salvinia molesta and the surface of Collembola (an arthropod group). It turned out, however, that it was not feasible to realise the functional structures of
- so far as air layers are observed to form in liquids of diverse chemical compositions, including organic solvents and oils, which show a wide variety of surface tension values and contact angles with respect to the skin [3][21]. This “omniphobic” property allows the Collembola to live in areas of
- soil or water bodies that contain a high concentration of organic liquids that are, for instance, the product of decay processes and may reduce considerably the surface tension of water. In addition, the plastron is able to withstand external pressure exceeding 0.4 MPa. The air, which is not able to
Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104
- . Applications range from mechanical and electrical sample characterization to measurements in liquids [1][2][3][4] and even in living cells [5][6][7][8]. The critical element of an AFM is the scanning probe itself, which is usually represented by a micro-cantilever beam equipped with a conical scanning tip. As
Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102
- of surface area increases the spreading of non-polar liquids. Therefore, a nanofur surface separates oil and water efficiently [16][17][23]. In the abovementioned studies, the fabrication of nanofur was based on a hot-pulling process, which is commonly realized in a hot-embossing machine utilizing
- which the polymer traveled through the calender. Fabrication of nanopads It is a remarkable quality of nanofur that it is superhydrophobic and oleophilic at the same time. Nonpolar liquids are immediately absorbed by the fractal polymeric surface while polar liquids are repelled [16]. Consequently
Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99
- , there are also some novel innovations in energy-harvesting structures, such as the construction of lateral gradients of nanomaterials, the construction of multilayer structures, and the direct use of ion distribution gradients in liquids. With a PVP thin film of 290 nm thickness as the dielectric layer
- liquids, the selection of ion-permeable membranes, and the effects of surface functional groups are discussed in detail in the paper and will not be repeated here. By adding an ion-selective membrane, ion concentration diffusion can take place in the fluid, not just in the bulk material. This innovation
- mechanisms of solids and liquids at the nanoscale to fundamentally investigate the possibility of increasing the output power of MEGs. MEGs have great potential for applications as power generators for wearable self-powered pressure sensors, respiratory monitors, motion detectors, power sources for small
Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98
- a constant controlled rate according to zero-order kinetics [79][80][81]. Drug-loaded soft contact lenses can be classified as non-dissolving implants [82][83]. Satisfactory results are also obtained with in situ gelling liquid implants [84][85] or film forming liquids [86][87][88]. In addition to
Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84
- , water, and resin [6]. They are therefore adapted to extract liquids as well as to grasp and manipulate objects [5][6]. The mouthparts consist of labrum, mandibles, maxillae, and labium. The labium is used as a tongue to take up liquids while the mandibles are responsible for tasks involving grasping [5
Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83
- phenomena of plant surfaces such as the splash behavior of liquids or the adhesion of insects under laboratory conditions [38][39]. In the past, long-chain hydrocarbons as well as native wax extract were recrytallized to mimic the native leaf structures and their associated properties [21][39][40][41][42
- wetting properties of native and artificial surfaces were analyzed. Such artificial surfaces allow for the study of biotic interactions, for example, pathogen interactions, but also non-biotic interactions such as the behavior of liquids and surfactants used in agricultural spraying applications. An
- the germination of phytopathogenic fungi, other conceivable uses would be, for example, to study the application and retention of various liquids and active ingredients. Drawings of a leaf surface at different magnifications and main functions of the cuticle. (a) Leaf, (b–d) leaf cross sections in
Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82
- components, VCPD can be obtained directly without the need to employ a feedback loop, knowledge of the tip–sample capacitance gradient, or application of a DC bias. Initially implemented in ultrahigh vacuum by Takeuchi et al. [30], the method was extended to liquids by Kobayashi et al. [80] and to ambient
- establish in liquids in the presence of ions. Multifrequency OL KPFM-based approaches are therefore preferred in liquid environments. The ability to place multiple harmonics on eigenmodes to enhance performance in a single pass is preferable over multi-pass DH-based techniques. As such, ED and HM are the
Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72
- energy of the system. The larger the individual free surface energies, the larger the energetic gain upon the formation of an interface. Above, we have related the temperature sensitivity of the surface energy κ to the surface entropy Ss. For most liquids, the value κ is negative, owing to an increase in
- chemical segregation at the interface with the Ga–In–Sn eutectic melt. Beyond the importance of our results for a comprehensive understanding of the physical chemistry of metallic melt interfaces, these results are relevant for designing a microfluidic system with metallic liquids governed by interfacial
Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70
- stability and impermeability to gases and liquids. In contrast, the surrounding exposed areas of the Cu foil surface exhibited high reactivity and were readily oxidized to copper oxides with a noticeable color change. The apparent color contrast between the oxidized and non-oxidized Cu surfaces made the
Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63
- KPFM. Moreover, AC-KPFM is applicable in both amplitude modulation and frequency modulation mode. Thus, it contributes to advancing SPV measurements in various environments, such as vacuum, air, and liquids. This method can be utilized for direct measurements of changes in surface potential induced by
- found that AC-KPFM can detect faster SPV responses (microseconds to milliseconds) depending on the modulation frequency of the laser power. AC-KPFM is applicable to both AM and FM modes, so it contributes to advancing SPV measurements in various environments such as vacuum, air, and liquids. Note that
Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58
- the range of 1–10 layers, in a range of different liquids, at a wide range of concentrations [13][14]. The mechanism of ultrasonic exfoliation involves ultrasonic waves in liquid media creating bubbles or voids in the liquid, which generate shear forces or cavitation bubbles upon collapsing, which
Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32
- small voltage and controlling the airflow between the two cavities. The system can also be used for molecular sieving of gases and the aspiration and dispensing of liquids by introducing pores in the graphene membranes. NEM physical unclonable functions Just as NEM switches use the pull-in instability
A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10
Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2
- , Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.13.2 Abstract Sputter deposition of atoms onto liquid substrates aims at producing colloidal dispersions of small monodisperse ultrapure nanoparticles (NPs). Since sputtering onto liquids combines the advantages of the physical vapor deposition technique and classical
- overview of the properties and applications of the produced NPs. Keywords: low-pressure plasmas; magnetron; nanoparticles; nanoparticle formation; sputtering; sputtering onto liquids; Introduction According to the general terminology, nanoparticles (NPs) are objects that have a size of less than 100 nm
- in the production chain that might cause detrimental issues, for example, NP aggregation. In this respect, low-pressure plasma-based sputtering onto liquids (SoL) is a relatively new synthetic approach in which the purification step can be avoided. This technique is based on the sputtering of
Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92
- techniques, such as the addition of ionic liquids (ILs) with low viscosity and high dielectric constant values or some suitable fillers have been used by the research community to increase the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes [6][7]. As mentioned above, one way to increase the ionic conductivity is
A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91
- boundary conditions [10][11][12][13][14][15]. For example, many studies have shown that on hydrophobic surfaces, roughness may lead to a transition to a superhydrophobic state, significantly lowering the ability of liquid drops to stick. In other words, liquids can easily slip along such solid surfaces and
- potential applications in many areas of applied science and engineering [16][17][18][19][20][21]. In the field of nanofluidics, probing flow boundary conditions for nanoconfined liquids contributes to the deep understanding of the nature of nanohydrodynamics, which is the theoretical basis for the design
- conversion from 3 to 70% [23]. Generally, the methods to investigate slip boundary conditions for nanoconfined liquids include theoretical analysis, physical experiments, and numerical simulations [8][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. In recent years, machine learning methods have also been
The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69
- nanomaterials in CO2 mitigation and climate change control [20][21][22]. Several other studies reported novel environmental remediation approaches based on nanomaterials [23][24]. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of nascent sustainable, non-aqueous solvents, comparable to room-temperature ionic liquids
Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64
- become subjected to cavitation, thus promoting cellular uptake and delivery of entrapped drug/agents into the desired area [127]. Acoustic droplet vaporization has been carried out with many liquids whose boiling points are close to the body temperature. Fluorocarbons, especially perfluorocarbons (PFCs
Reducing molecular simulation time for AFM images based on super-resolution methods
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 775–785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.61
- , study the factors affecting resolution [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], and establish an appropriate simulation methodology for the explanation of complex imaging mechanism in liquids [23][24][25]. Besides, there has been a recent flurry of researches applying machine learning to AFM, including predicting
Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO3 nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28
- can be easily synthesized from the precursor material bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) (Ni(COD)2) in different ionic liquids without any additional stabilizing or reducing agents [46]. Ionic liquids have the ability to exfoliate graphene oxide into single sheets. Thus, a higher surface area can be
- achieved [47]. Thermally reduced graphene oxide was tested before with different metals in ionic liquids [48][49]. The decoration of nanoparticles on rGO can be achieved in situ or by mixing previously prepared solutions [50]. Here, we chose the ionic liquid [BMIm][NTf2] for an in situ microwave
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