Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• . While gelispheres enhance the physical and mechanical properties of sodium alginate, their poor solubility limits their applicability. Recently, an ionotropic gelation method has been developed to produce nanoparticles from gelispheres through interaction between oligosaccharides (e.g., cyclodextrins

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• (T25B, Ika Labortechnik, Germany). Then, the mixture was stirred with a mechanical stirrer in a two-neck flask until the temperature reached 50 °C. This mixture (solution A + solution C) was added to the solution B and mixed with a mechanical mixer (500 rpm). Last, 0.252 g ammonium persulfate (APS) and

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• in pharmacy and medicine is carbon-based nanomaterials because of their physicochemical, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties [19][20], as well as their capacity to modify existing drugs. Fullerene derivatives have been proposed recently, particularly those obtained from fullerene

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• -scale production more feasible [9]. Also, the mechanical robustness and flexibility of the 2D materials will give extra room to design the PSCs for a wide range of applications areas [10]. The high carrier mobility and enhanced optoelectronic characteristics can improve the device performance of

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• are highly susceptible to mechanical failure because of their brittle nature; in contrast, the etched SiNW arrays exhibit superior optical absorption and enhanced surface catalytic reaction properties. The intimate contact between 1D Si NWs and thin TiO2 layers reduces the recombination rate of

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• precursors were cleaned after each use. The cleaning involved mechanical wiping using acetone-wetted tissues, followed by a sequence of sonification in acetone and ethanol, and dry-blowing with nitrogen. Depositions were carried out on silicon with native oxide. The silicon substrates were cleaned using a

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• gel structure. As a result, the viscosity and other mechanical qualities of alginate can be enhanced, allowing for the formation of a hydrogel. The attractive properties of alginate include low cost, abundance, biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial activity, non-toxicity, and the ease to

• . Also, alginate-based nanoparticles possess excellent mechanical and electrical properties, overcoming the limitations typically associated with biomaterials in sensing applications [73]. Drug delivery applications Alginate-based nanoparticles for smart DDSs Drug delivery systems are one of the areas in

• +. Based on the quenching effect, a design for a “turn-off” fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ and Hg2+ detection with detection limits of 187.99 and 82.14 nM, respectively, was developed. Furthermore, the Au-loaded alginate-based fibers outperformed the pristine Ca-ALG fibers in terms of mechanical properties

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• can be achieved through several processes. Among them, the production of specialized coatings based on carbon-based materials stands very promising. The use of carbon coatings allows one to simultaneously fine-tune tribological, mechanical, and chemical properties. Here, we review applications of

• nanostructured carbon coatings (nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, and graphene-related materials) for the improvement of the overall properties of medical implants. We are focusing on biological interactions, improved corrosion resistance, and overall mechanical properties, trying to provide a complete overview

• environment is a dynamic and complex area, where several biological, physical, and chemical interactions can take place simultaneously, including immunological response [27], mechanical mismatch with the tissue [28], degradation [29], responses to stimuli [30], and proliferation of bacteria [31]. In the next

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• (TCR) [6], and high mechanical stability [7]. Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs) are considered to be nearly ideal blackbody absorbers because of their ability to absorb light over a broad spectral range (0.2–200 μm), closely resembling the theoretical blackbody that absorbs all wavelengths of light [3

• 980 nm. A Thorlabs compact laser diode controller set the output power to 4 mW. The spot size of the laser beam of 100 μm was accurately determined using the knife edge method [17]. A mechanical chopper was used to modulate the laser beam intensity. The key component in the responsivity measurement

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• -/cavin-coated structures, which are often reported to be involved in endocytosis of NPs. Caveolae are known to have different functions, one being to provide membrane upon mechanical stress [32]. They can thereby prevent membrane disruption, and reform in an ATP-dependent manner [32]. However, they can

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• Dan Sameoto Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, T6G 1H9, Canada 10.3762/bjnano.15.79 Abstract In this perspective article, Professor Dan Sameoto outlines his opinion on future opportunities in the field of biomimetic adhesives. Despite over twenty years of

• mechanical properties of interest to fit the needs of soft robotics, microfluidic systems, or others. All of such applications necessitate that the biomimetic adhesives are robust, relatively inexpensive, and highly effective at adhering to different surfaces. Several corporations, including Setex [16

• surface roughness and are far more cost-effective. The significant influence of mechanical properties on identical fiber designs has also been extensively studied by our group and others, including work on shape memory polymers (SMPs) for biomimetic pillars [29]. These uniformly mushroom-shaped SMP fibers

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• Istanbul Aydın University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey 10.3762/bjnano.15.77 Abstract Bone, one of the hardest structures of the body, is the basic constituent of the skeletal system, which gives the shape to the body, provides mechanical support for

• deficiencies of bone tissue by the harmonious operation of osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and bone lining cells. Various materials can be used to both trigger the bone healing process and to provide mechanical support to damaged bone. Nanofiber scaffolds are at the forefront of these types of systems

• osteoconduction, adaptability to the target area, biodegradation, and appropriate mechanical properties, which are among the main parameters that are important in the design of polymeric bone grafts. The aim of this review is to cast light on the increasing use of nanofiber-based scaffolds in bone tissue

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• Yu-Sheng Lu Yu-Xuan Hung Thi-Xuyen Bui Te-Hua Fang Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan University of Technology and Education – The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.15.76 Abstract CoCrNi medium

• -entropy alloys (MEAs) have attracted extensive attention and research because of their superior mechanical properties, such as higher ductility, strength, and toughness. This study uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the cutting behavior of a gradient nanograined (GNG) CoCrNi MEA

• : CoCrNi; gradient nanograined materials; Hall–Petch; molecular dynamics; relative tool sharpness; removal mechanism; Introduction Compared with traditional alloys, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with multiple elements exhibit diverse and unprecedented mechanical properties, attracting widespread scientific

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• ][60]. On substrates with higher roughness, claws are used for mechanical interlocking. However, this effect requires the substrate asperities to be at least the size of the claw tip diameter [61]. Claw involvement was excluded herein as surface roughnesses were chosen accordingly. Winand et al. [37

• the tips; the tips have to withstand the greatest stresses, which mostly occur in single events, rather than in normal wear [68]. Further studies could explore the role of fatigue of claw material and its effect on the mechanical properties. Pad compliance There are several possible ways in which

• resulting actual contact area leads to lower attachment performance [72][73][74]. Most flexible cuticle consists at least partially of resilin [50][75][76], which needs water as a plasticizer to retain its extraordinary mechanical properties [70]. As the water evaporates, resilin becomes brittle and less

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• Qinsong Zhu Chen Zhang Fuhang Yu Yan Xu College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China 10.3762/bjnano.15.70 Abstract To enhance the aerodynamic performance of aero engine blades, simulations and experiments regarding

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• containing antibacterial and tissue-regenerating salts of zinc acetate or strontium nitrate in different concentrations, whose structures may be suitable for developing biomedical wound dressing systems in the future. Several experiments have been conducted to optimize the physicochemical, mechanical, and

• atoms in the scaffolds. Our result showed that the salts influence the mechanical properties of the polymer scaffold, both in terms of specific load capacity and relative elongation values. According to the dissolution experiments, the whole amount of strontium nitrate was dissolved from the scaffold in

• they are flexible, variable in weight, have excellent biocompatibility, are resistant to biochemical degradation, and have suitable physical and mechanical characteristics. Moreover, they can be formed to the desired shape [6]. It is also worth mentioning that different drugs or other additives can be

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• facilitates the creation of new heterostructures with tailored properties [15][16], making 2D materials suitable for different applications. Understanding the correlation between structural and topographical variations and their impact on mechanical [17][18], optical [19][20], magnetic [21][22], electronic

• microscopy (AFM) techniques emerge as ideal tools to investigate them [26][27]. Depending on the operation mode and under controlled environmental conditions, AFM offers the possibility to record morphology along with relevant electronic, mechanical, or magnetic properties with nanoscale resolution. In

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• the mechanical properties of Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs). In this work, we investigated the elastic modulus of individual β-Ga2O3 NWs using two distinct techniques – in-situ scanning electron microscopy resonance and three-point bending in atomic force microscopy. The structural and morphological properties

• finely controllable β-Ga2O3 NW synthesis methods and detailed post-examination of their mechanical properties before considering their application in future nanoscale devices. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; elastic modulus; gallium oxide; mechanical properties; nanowire; scanning electron microscopy

• suitable for use on bendable and stretchable substrates in line with the current trends in electronic technologies focusing on flexible electronic device development [11][12]. Consequently, understanding the mechanical properties of β-Ga2O3 NWs becomes an important step. For instance, precise determination

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• resonant mode tracking the sample topography and the higher-order resonant mode providing information about mechanical properties [5][6]. Bimodal AFM is relatively simple to operate and offers improved imaging quality. Hence, it is widely applicable in diverse fields such as physics, chemistry, and biology

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• providing insulation (Figure 2A), prevent the penetration of water through hierarchical superhydrophobicity (Figure 2B), or provide protection from predators or disease vectors through mechanical interactions (Figure 2C). Thermoregulation Regarding thermal regulation, mammals have evolved certain traits

• underwater to generate adhesion [51]. Mechanical protection While hairs provide protection via their thermal and chemical properties, they also offer protection based on their mechanical properties. Hairs are typically made of stiff materials, such as keratin and chitin, that have Young’s moduli of the order

• of gigapascals, comparable to typical values for wood. Therefore, they can be quite robust to mechanical stimuli from external sources. Mammals possess guard hairs, that are interspersed with the rest of their body hairs or furs. These hairs are distinctly thicker than the rest and have been reported

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• observed. They concluded that laser-driven mechanical shockwaves induced these bond-formation reactions [52]. Irradiation of benzene was shown to produce biphenyl as a dimerization product and higher molecular aromatics [115][116]. However, additional products including hydrogen, methane, acetylene

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• and Konstantin Novoselov in 2004 [1], the field of nanostructures has witnessed remarkable advancements. Various methods to fabricate graphene, such as mechanical and chemical exfoliation, combined with innovative characterization techniques, have enabled the preparation of diverse layered two

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• basal layer, similar to that found in G. portentosa [45], confirmation requires TEM analysis. The presence of the wide basal layer potentially augments the mechanical stability of the exocrine cells and ultimately of the arolium [79]. Another difference lies in the autofluorescence of both exocrine

• secretion, as well as allowing the pad to deform more easily, making it more resistant to mechanical stresses. Endocuticle layer 2 The endocuticle layer 2 is strongly pronounced around the exocrine cells of the euplantulae, as evidenced by the darker staining with toluidine blue and Cason (Figure 5A, Figure

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• ). To tackle this problem, the surface-sensitive mode was developed. Surface-sensitive AFM-IR Surface-sensitive AFM-IR mode [10] operates in contact mode on the absorbing sample and utilizes nonlinear frequency mixing of IR-laser-induced photothermal and an additional dither piezo-induced mechanical

• surface excitation at two different frequencies schematically shown in Figure 1. Due to their different propagation characteristics in the material, the evanescent mechanical waves created by these two processes can only interact in a small volume directly beneath the tip (typically to a depth of less

• measured in a first-order detection scheme with or without additional resonance enhancement. However, it contains chemical information from a much larger depth (hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers). If the difference or sum of freely selectable laser pulse repetition frequency and mechanical

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• reported on artificial atoms formed by quantum corrals [9]. In nc-AFM, the probe, whose mechanical behavior may advantageously be compared to that of a one-dimensional simple harmonic oscillator (SHO) of resonance frequency f1 (flexural fundamental eigenmode) and stiffness k1, is sinusoidally excited at f1

• temperature has never been reported. Furthermore, because the force sensitivity in nc-AFM critically depends on the mechanical stability of both probe and tip, it seems crucial to perform the probe stiffness calibration in situ, that is, within the LT UHV system, by means of a non-destructive method. In UHV

• because it cannot be glued on the prong with high reproducibility (regarding, e.g, mass of glue and location on the prong), the mechanical properties of each sensor must differ in detail. Therefore, the actual stiffness of each probe must differ and has no reason to match a particular predefined value