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Search for "phagocytosis" in Full Text gives 50 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94
- clathrin and/or caveolae pits, RhoA, CDC42, ARF6, or flotillin-mediated endocytosis/phagocytosis and receptor-independent macro- and micropinocytosis (for reviews on the endocytosis of nanoparticles see [105][106]). Macropinocytosis is not selective and can take up spheres with a diameter of up to 1 mm [81
- are transported to liver, spleen, and lymph nodes and engulfed by the reticuloendothelial system [123]. SPIONs reach lymph nodes either directly through endothelium and macrophage phagocytosis, or through non-selective endothelial transcytosis into the interstitial space and draining by lymphatic
Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39
- suggests. It appears that the efficacy of antibody generation inversely correlates with the stability of the glycan–GNPs conjugates. The induction of a specific immune response (i.e., the generation of antibodies) against haptens is T-cell-dependent and requires the uptake (phagocytosis), processing and
- presentation of epitopes on MHC class-II molecules by antigen-presenting cells to the specific T cell. It remains unclear how this process can proceed with a hapten. At the moment, we cannot explain the mechanism of hapten release in immune cells. We speculate that phagocytosis of the antigen and the
Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25
- in thin endothelial cells [101]. Other studies have shown that in many cell types caveolae are normally not involved in endocytosis, but are stable invaginations present at the cell surface [102][103], and only undergo endocytosis upon stimulation [96][104]. Apart from these mechanisms, phagocytosis
- and transferrin can be used as markers for clathrin-mediated endocytosis [205][206], dextran as a fluid phase marker for phagocytosis and for the CLEE/GEEC pathway [193], and LacCer (C5-lactosylceramide) for cholesterol-dependent uptake [133][207]. However, while cholera toxin and SV40 were previously
- results. As an example of this, cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization [211], has often been used to test the involvement of macropinocytosis and phagocytosis in the uptake of nanomaterials. However, actin has been shown to be important also for other mechanisms, including clathrin-mediated
Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10
- the plasma membrane and involves two distinct steps: endocytic uptake followed by endosomal escape [51]. Endocytosis is a complex process composed of more than one mechanism and is generally divided into two categories: phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Phagocytosis involves the uptake of large particles
Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201
- , opsonisation, and phagocytosis [12]. In previous studies PLA-, PLGA-, PLA-PEG-, and PLGA-PEG-based nanometre-sized drug carriers loaded with or covalently linked to doxorubicin have been prepared by methods including emulsion diffusion, solvent displacement, micelle formation, and film rehydration followed by
Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181
- size of whole clusters was around 100 nm, which is much larger than the diameter as determined by TEM. This discrepancy might be due to nanoprobe cluster formation in water. Nanoparticles of diameter around 110 nm can successfully escape the phagocytosis of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and
Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101
- -affinity proteins, for example immunoglobulins, facilitate phagocytosis by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) [26]. Furthermore, one has to consider that the ratio between NP surface and protein concentration is closely related to the administration route and dose [27]. As a result
- cases accompanied by hemoglobin release. Hemoglobin adsorbs to NP surfaces and therefore facilitates phagocytosis by macrophages [36]. The LC–MS/MS results are consistent with the data presented in Figures 2–4, leading us to the assumption that the origin of the protein source plays a crucial role in
Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286
- phenomenon was observed for other materials (images not shown). Observations confirmed that hydroxyapatite agglomerates can be easily taken up by the cells [20][23][61] (probably through macropinocytosis or phagocytosis). Figure 7c presents characteristic spherical agglomerates of hydroxyapatite F202
![[Graphic 1]](/bjnano/content/inline/2190-4286-9-286-i2.svg?max-width=637&scale=1.18182)
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Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles towards human tumor cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236
- their enhanced accumulation inside the cells. The particles are able to penetrate cells by the selected type of endocytosis mechanism: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, or receptor mediated endocytosis [25]. In order to check this hypothesis, cellular uptake of γ-Fe2O3@P(HPMA-MMAA)-Dox nanoparticles was
Atomic-level characterization and cilostazol affinity of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with differentially charged hydrophilic molecules
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1328–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.126
- have shown that PEGylation of NPs allows improved blood circulation, clearance, biocompatibility and less cytotoxicity [15][16][17][18][19]. Hydrophilic polymer chains at the surface of NPs act as a steric barrier, reducing the opsonization and the subsequent phagocytosis [20][21][22]. This amphiphilic
Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32
- ) compared with 3D culture (Figure 4B). To the contrary, MDA-MB-231 internalised 6-fold more QDs in 3D culture compared with 2D (Figure 4B). Such discrepancy in uptake efficacy might be associated with different endocytosis pathways. MCF7 cells internalised QDs through phagocytosis and clathrin/caveolae
- facilitating the uptake of MSC-excreted QDs by cancer cells. Our data demonstrate that phagocytosis and clathrin/caveolae-dependent endocytosis are the major QD uptake pathways in MCF7 cells, whereas the clathrin/caveolae-dependent pathway dominated in MDA-MB-231 cells in monocultures (see Supporting
Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239
- , which can be subdivided into macro- and microscale processes [8]. The first, phagocytosis, involves the ingestion of large particles: NPs or agglomerates typically larger than 0.25 μm in diameter. The second, pinocytosis, includes micro- and macropinocytosis, clathrin-, and caveolin-mediated endocytosis
- were used to investigate the endocytotic uptake mechanisms of the two NP types. All inhibitors have previously been optimized and tested in J774A.1, showing that phagocytosis, micropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis are the main uptake mechanisms in this cell type [31]. The treatment of the
- cells with cytochalasin D (phagocytosis and micropinocytosis inhibitor) had no effect and both NP types could still be localized intracellularly (data not shown). The monodansylcadaverine (MDC, clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor) impaired the uptake of AuNPs, and FeOxNPs: Aggregations on the outer
Nano-engineered skin mesenchymal stem cells: potential vehicles for tumour-targeted quantum-dot delivery
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1218–1230, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.123
- examined via fluorescence imaging using endocytosis inhibitors for the micropinocytosis, phagocytosis, lipid-raft, clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis pathways. These data showed that QDs were efficiently accumulated in the cytoplasm of MSCs after incubation for 6 h. The main uptake route of QDs
- (CPZ), phagocytosis inhibitor cytohalasin D (CytD), macropinocytosis inhibitor ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA) (Cayman Chemical, USA), caveolin/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis inhibitor nystatin and caveolin-dependent endocytosis inhibitor dynasore (all from Sigma-Aldrich, USA, unless otherwise stated
Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147
- Perls’ Prussian Blue stain concluded that deposits of iron could be observed within hepatic tissue, as blue dots corresponding to iron phagocytosis by Kupffer cells. On the other hand, when observing the tumor tissue, iron was seen as scattered deposits within the peripheral fibro-vascular matrix
- indicates that MNPs could not avoid phagocytosis. The fact that MNPs could be found in the fibro-vascular tissue surrounding the tumors could be explained by the special affinity of the RGD peptides adhered to the surface of our MNPs for integrin αVβ3. The exposure of the animals to hyperthermia treatment
Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84
- ]. Endocytosis as a process of internalization of foreign materials can be divided into two major groups, phagocytosis for larger particles and pinocytosis for nanoparticles. Pinocytosis can be further subdivided depending on the size of particles into clathrin-mediated, caveolae, and macropinocytosis [25]. To
Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88
- indeed alters the cellular response to NPs. For example, NP opsonization with immunoglobulin reportedly promoted receptor-mediated phagocytosis by macrophages [155]. The presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was shown to suppress protein absorption resulting in a decreased uptake by macrophages [142] and
Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28
- revealed size specific uptake effects. Neutrally coated PEG-OCH3 and negatively charged CTAB gold nanoparticles with a size of 40 nm enter the cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and phagocytosis, irrespective of the nanoparticle shape. The negatively charged metal oxide variants with a size of 16 to
Tailoring the ligand shell for the control of cellular uptake and optical properties of nanocrystals
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 232–242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.22
- . Since cellular uptake mechanisms except from phagocytosis are known to work best with small structures below 150 nm [22], only spherical micelles fulfilling this requirement will be discussed. To ensure a good compatibility between the hydrophobic particles and the inner core of the final micellar
- unspecific interactions with cells, like macrophages, epithelic or endothelic cells [32]. For macrophages the internalization process follows the typical steps of phagocytosis, which is controlled by the adsorption of specific proteins on the surface of the nanocontainer. Hydrophobic and charged particles in
Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250
- intentionally applied or unintentionally inhaled nanoparticles get in close contact with macrophages in one way or another. Phagocytosis of debris by phagocytes including macrophages leads to the formation of phagosomes, which subsequently fuse with lysosomes to phagolysosomes. Within the latter, lysosomal
- on cell functions. Particles of about 100 nm have previously been shown to be internalized by cells much more efficient than microparticles, which are taken up primarily by phagocytosis, and also more efficient than particles with a size below 100 nm. It was reported that the uptake of 100 nm
- of specific receptors engaged in the uptake might dictate the rate of particle internalization by a cell. We have shown that in the presence of serum, macrophages take up nanoparticles by phagocytosis using specific interaction with an antibody receptor CD64, which is specifically expressed on the
Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2388–2397, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.248
- machinery. Depending on the details of their interactions, proteins adsorbed onto NPs may enhance or reduce internalization of the so disguised NPs. Specialized cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes are capable of phagocytosis (eating by cells), a form of endocytosis in which the cell
PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205
- radicals whose formation is catalyzed from silver ions generated after uptake of silver by phagocytosis [110]. In contrast to chemical modifications of genomic DNA by reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are difficult to prove, the presence of DSB that result from a radical attack are more easily to detect
Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174
- mechanisms, that is, phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis, were investigated using a mouse macrophage (J774A.1) and a human alveolar epithelial type II cell line (A549). In order to deduce the involved pathway in nanoparticle uptake, selected inhibitors specific for one
- suggested that macropinocytosis and phagocytosis, as well as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, play a crucial role. The uptake of 40 nm nanoparticles in alveolar epithelial A549 cells was inhibited after depletion of cholesterol in the plasma membrane (preventing caveolin-mediated endocytosis) and inhibition
- describes two different cellular uptake mechanisms: pinocytosis, which involves the uptake of fluids and molecules within small vesicles and phagocytosis, which is responsible for engulfing large particles (e.g., microorganisms and cell debris). Pinocytosis covers macropinocytosis, clathrin-mediated
In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161
- from there to other cellular organelles is possible, translocation efficiencies still are moderate at best. In addition, NPs free in the cytosol may later end up again in intracellular vesicles through auto-phagocytosis [74]. Thus, for many applications, such as intracellular sensing or drug delivery
Atomic force microscopy recognition of protein A on Staphylococcus aureus cell surfaces by labelling with IgG–Au conjugates
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 743–749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.84
- which IgG molecules are bound in the wrong orientation (in relation to normal antibody function). Thus, bacteria are disrupted by opsonization [10] and phagocytosis [11]. In this regard, the aim of our work was the development of an AFM method to specifically label Staphylococcus aureus, which bears
Magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical NMR-based diagnostics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 142–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.17
- . Unmodified nanoparticles were used as a control to estimate cell concentration based on non-specific phagocytosis. (Reproduced with permission from Ref [15]. Copyright 2009 National Academy of Sciences, USA.) List of extracellular and intracellular biomarkers tested with BOND-2 and DMR. Selected list of DMR
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