Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• /bjnano.15.117 Abstract By employing a model of nanomaterials with polymorphic phase transitions and using a thermodynamic approach to describe the effects of vacancy saturation, irradiation dose, powder dispersion, and surface energies, we demonstrate the possibility of radiation-induced phase

• transitions and the zones of radiation stability for nanoparticles. We utilize nanoparticles exhibiting transitions from the body-centered cubic α phase to the face-centered cubic β phase, and the reverse transition from β phase to α phase, as a model system for first-order phase transformations. We

• incorporate nucleation through the appearance and growth of the nucleus of a new phase, resulting in the formation of a two-phase α+β system, and we highlight the importance of accounting for nucleation. Our model study reveals that very small α-phase particles are unstable (while very small β-phase particles

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• ][53][54]. An ideal precursor candidate would have sufficient volatility and stability for the transport of intact gas phase precursor molecules during the process. The ligands should readily and cleanly be liberated from the precursor upon irradiation to provide a metallic deposit in the path of the

• m/z 20 correspond to, respectively, Ar+ and Ar2+ ions formed by electron impact ionization of neutral Ar in the QMS). The top panel displays the gas phase species observed during the film’s exposure to 4.0 µC/cm2 Ar+, corresponding to an acquisition time of 30 s. (Right) Kinetic profile for 13CO

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• approach takes the form Equation 8 [51]: where U(x) and S(x) are the quantities corresponding to the resultant electric field and phase, respectively. The power flow density across the structure also known as the Poynting vector S(x) is proportional to the square of new field intensity and the spatial

• derivative of phase (Equation 9): The solver solves for electric field E using Equation 6 and Equation 7 under the following boundary conditions iteratively within the error limits: Using the finite element method (FEM), the relevant partial differential equations will be solved on each discretized spatial

• necessary to fulfill phase-matching conditions [60]. This interplay between different frequency modes and regions is essential for optimizing the overall nonlinear response of the photonic crystal. The relatively large refractive index difference between SiO2 and LiNbO3 can lead to the widening of bandwidth

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• concentration in the brain by a factor of 6.15 compared to the oral clozapine tablet [109]. Nanoemulsions Emulsions are colloidal systems consisting of two immiscible liquid phases where one phase is dispersed in the other. Nanoemulsions can be prepared via low-energy or high-energy methods, including

• microfluidics and high-shear-force homogenization [110]. As DDS, nanoemulsions can be reservoirs for encapsulating hydrophobic substances [111]. Moreover, emulsions of emulsions or double emulsions can be prepared by dispersing the droplets of primary emulsion into another liquid phase. Double emulsions can be

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• DMSs, these nanostructures will be beneficial to the development of new ZnO-based materials for photocatalytic [25], biomedical [26], gas sensing [27][28], and flexible electronic/optoelectronic applications [29][30]. They are usually fabricated by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) or solid-vapour phase

• differences in RS intensity of some peaks, which could be due to different crystal orientations and thicknesses. Such results show that our fabricated ZnO nanostructures have a high quality and are single phase in the hexagonal structure. We also measured PL spectra of typical samples under an excitation

• analysis for characteristic vibration modes proved that the collected ZnO nanostructures are single phase in the P63mc hexagonal structure. The study of characteristic PL spectra revealed that the fabricated samples could be classified into two groups with different crystal qualities. The first one with a

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• confirmed its 3R phase (Figure 1c). To highlight the difference in SHG intensity between bilayer WSe2 of various phases and monolayer WSe2, we controlled the stacking angle to prepare 3R and 2H regions on the same monolayer WSe2 (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2a). The corresponding SHG scanning map

• carriers, reflected in the increased magnitude of the photocurrent (Figure 3d). Conclusion We confirmed that the photodetector based on 3R phase WSe2 exhibits an ultrafast photocurrent response on the picosecond scale. The 3R bilayer WSe2 was artificially fabricated by precisely controlling the stacking

• monolayers of WSe2 were aligned at a 0° angle to form the 3R phase. The graphene/3R WSe2/graphene heterojunctions were aligned and assembled onto a SiO2/Si substrate by the all-dry transfer method. Au/Cr (50/10 nm) electrodes were patterned using standard electron-beam lithography (EBL, Raith 150 Two) and

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• regions the critical temperature is different. Furthermore, such a protracted transition can be explained by the effect of phase separation in a film of large size, that is, it becomes superconducting in parts. The film sample C1, unlike samples A1–A4 and B1, shows thermal hysteresis, which is expressed

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• . The mobile phase included a mixture of acetonitrile and water (40:60 v/v) at a 0.2 mL/min flow rate. The method was developed using CTAB powder as standard at different concentrations of 0.625, 1.2, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL in water. The blank sample (which consisted only of solvent) was also analyzed

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• in a mass loss of approximately 14.59% for the sol–gel (SG) sample and 17.07% for the microwave (MW) sample, accompanied by a minor endothermic peak around 140 °C. In the second phase, occurring between 180 and 350 °C for both samples, chemically bonded organic compounds are eliminated from the

• powders, leading to a mass loss of roughly 35% for SG and 40% for MW. This process is exothermic and observed around 309 °C. During the third phase, between 350 and 500 °C, structural hydroxy groups are removed, and any remaining organic material is burned off, resulting in a mass loss of approximately 11

• using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The resulting XRD patterns, shown in Figure 6a, indicate that the samples are polycrystalline and single-phase. This single phase corresponds well to the data from ICDD file no. 36-1451 of zincite ZnO. ZnO has a wurtzite-type structure and crystallizes in the hexagonal P63

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• were observed in the identification of the complement system and acute phase proteins when comparing non-functionalized SiO2NPs with functionalized ones. In particular, adding ZW promoted decreased absorption of such proteins (Figure 2j). Complement factors and acute phase proteins (e.g., C3 and alpha

• , Table S2 and Supporting Information File 3). Contrary to DMEM incubation, human plasma albumin and acute phase proteins were barely identified in the hard corona of functionalized and non-functionalized SiO2NPs. However, a large amount of apolipoproteins was identified in all cases, especially in the

• plasma. ALB: serum albumin, TL: tissue leakage, C: complement, COA: coagulation, APO: apolipoprotein, AP: acute phase, IGG: immunoglobulin, A1P1: alpha-1-antiproteinase, FGB: fibrinogen beta chain, C1q: complement component 1q. a) Illustration of intact red blood cells after the hemolysis process

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• [9]. Certain designs in nanostructures are extremely useful to combat diseases [12][13]. Polymeric platforms have attracted great interest in recent years [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. “Stimulus-sensitive” polymers (smart polymers) exhibit conformational changes or phase transition behavior in

• humidified air atmosphere with 5% CO2. Preparation of DOX-SNPs To synthesize DOX-containing nanoparticle structures, the miniemulsion polymerization method was used according to a protocol adapted from [24]. First, the water phase was formed. The water phase was obtained by adding and dissolving 0.375 g

• polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 57.7 mg sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 46.9 mg NaHCO3 in 20 mL of water (solution A in Figure 1). For solution B, 0.2 g PVA and 0.2 g SDS were dissolved in 400 mL of water. The organic phase (solution C) was obtained by mixing and dissolving (30 min in a beaker) 0.8 mL 2

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• phase of a two-phase octanol–water mixture [39]. Similarly, LogS, related to the water solubility of a substance, was considered. Besides, PSA, as molecular surface associated with charge accumulation due to heteroatoms and polar groups, as well as polarizability (α) associated with the tendency of a

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• phase (JCPDS No.27-1402) [40][41]. In the case of the as-synthesized composite, the favored growth of TiO2(101) on the surface of p-Si NWs has been noticed [42]. The minor (112), (200), (105), and (211) peaks at 2θ = 38.2°, 48.5°, 53.3°, and 55.1° indicate the formation of anatase TiO2 (JCPDS No.21-1272

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• fragmentation of adsorbed precursor molecules on a substrate [5][6][7][8][9]. The precursor is typically supplied in gaseous phase. Exploiting the different complex pathways in electron-induced chemistry (such as formation of unstable intermediates and thermal assistance in adsorption and desorption) and the

Signal generation in dynamic interferometric displacement detection

• Knarik Khachatryan,
• Simon Anter,
• Michael Reichling and
• Alexander von Schmidsfeld

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1070–1076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.87

• between the light beams reflected from the fiber end (reference beam) and the cantilever (cavity beam), creating a standing wave pattern in the fiber with a spatial periodicity given by the light wavelength λ and a phase ϕ determined by the distance d between the fiber end and the cantilever. Any

• ) describes the loss of light in the gap between the fiber end and the cantilever due to beam divergence. The spatial variation of the electric field strength due to interference is governed by the path difference 2d determining the phase of the interference electric fields . Linear superposition of reference

• interferometer signal voltage, V0 the voltage amplitude of the interference signal oscillation, D = d0 + derr − qs the actual distance of the center of oscillation from the fiber end, fs the frequency referenced to the time base of the oscilloscope, and φ a phase factor covering any phase shift introduced by the

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• , and (c) 1064 nm) in DW are shown. At 355 nm, a distinctive nanochain morphology linking spherical NPs was evident, contrasting with the separated spherical morphology. The prevalent interaction at 355 nm with the liquid phase was more influential than the NP production, resulting in particles with

• detection of DMMP (1.2 ppm V) in the vapor phase using Glass_Ag_Au NPs, 3D fractal microstructure substrates developed by corner lithography and anisotropic wet etching of silicon using the 785 nm as the Raman excitation. When UV excitation was utilized during the measurements, the Raman peak intensities

• . Aligholizadeh et al. [72] detected DMMP using a handheld Raman spectrometer with an excitation of 785 nm, and the analytes were measured in a liquid-phase solution. The limit of detection (LOD) achieved for DMMP was 9 mM. Chang et al. [67] utilized a combination of cotton swabs with a Ag NP substrate along with

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• reactions are those involving the decomposition of precursor in the gas phase forming products that condense on a target. In contrast, heterogeneous reactions are those involving the decomposition of the precursors on the solid surface of a catalyst that also acts as a support. As reported by Porro et al

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• stresses at the NP surface are crucial in phase transitions below a certain critical NP size [26]. Although it is understood that, qualitatively, the surface stress generates an effect comparable to an externally applied compressive pressure on the NP, a quantitative description is missing. While there

• signifies the occurrence of a phase transition in a cluster of atoms. Additional atomic parameters are the average potential energy, force, and coordination number per atom. These quantities have also been employed as descriptors in nano-QSAR models to successfully predict the toxicity of NPs [73][74][75

• size that would yield a behaviour comparable to bulk Au. For the last case of Au NPs with a diameter of 1 nm, we observe a smooth δ curve, and the critical δ value is reached at approximately 300 K. A similar behaviour is observed for the Pt NPs. For all Pt NPs with diameter larger than 2 nm, a phase

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• 2010 with the advent of the modern soft robotics field. Traditional stiffness-switching mechanisms include phase change materials [39], jamming actuators [40], electrorheological fluids [41], and antagonistic actuators [42], but vacuum jamming has been the most popular in academic literature [43

• . © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Non-vacuum jamming based stiffness-tunable prototypes developed for use in space applications. Figure 6a–d were republished from [39] (“Controllable biomimetic adhesion using embedded phase change material

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• emulsion, or nanoprecipitation [1][4], in which copolymers are dissolved in an organic solvent, called the organic phase, and then are put into an immiscible aqueous solution, called the water phase, to form the nanoparticles. Various surfactants, including poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), sodium cholate, or

• pluronic F127 (F127), can be used in the water phase to lower the surface tension of the organic phase and to produce the nanoemulsion during the homogenization process [5][6][7]. F127 is a copolymer made up of blocks of poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide), PEO100–PPO65–PEO100

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• , the mineralization phase begins, and new bone tissue is formed [9][14]. The main function of osteoclasts, which have properties similar to those of macrophages, is to resorb the mineralized bone matrix [13][18]. Another group of cells derived from osteoblasts are bone-lining cells, which cover the

• . In the repair phase, where the hematoma is replaced by fibrin-rich granulation tissue over time, the granulation tissue first evolves into fibrous tissue consisting of fibroblasts and then into soft callus. At this stage, new vessels, fibroblasts, intracellular material, and supporting cells begin to

• the literature including inter-surface polymerization, phase separation, drawing, self-assembly, melt blowing, template melt extrusion, forcespinning, and electrospinning [36][37][38][39][40]. Only electrospinning will be further explained in detail in order to remain within the scope. Electrospinning

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• (NiCoCr)95V5, which achieved an excellent strength and plasticity product exceeding 86 GPa·% at low temperatures [7]. Qiu et al. investigated the effects of adding Al, Ti, Mo, and W on low-temperature phase stability, mechanical properties, and deformation behavior of CoCrNi-based MEAs [8]. Strengthening

• MEA, as shown in Figure 1. FCC phase GNG CoCrNi MEA substrates with dimensions of 3 nm × 30 nm × 10 nm were used for all cases in this study. The polycrystalline samples consist of randomly oriented grains. The MEA substrates contain 25,952 Co atoms, 26,628 Cr, and 26,746 Ni atoms. Hence, the alloy

• /molecularly parallel simulator (LAMMPS) software [16][17], and the GNG model substrates were built from the ATOMSK software [18]. Deformation response, molecular structure, and atomic strain behavior were observed using the Open Visualization Tool (OVITO) software [19][20]. The mechanisms of phase transitions

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• of the MIL-100(Fe) phase in the resulting materials and to estimate the conversion of Fe2O3 into MIL-100(Fe) material. The TGA profile of Fe2O3 (Figure 6) showed only a very small weight loss in the investigated temperature range due to a small quantity of absorbed moisture in the sample. Contrarily

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• lipid phase [86] and, besides interfacial effects, contribute to the shape and curvature of the terminal layer of the attachment pad [43]. Another factor influencing effective stiffness of the cuticle is caused by depletion of these adhesive fluids. Several steps in quick succession were found to dry

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• catalyst when MoS2 and WS2 were mixed at 0.2 and 0.8 ratios, respectively. Indeed, we noticed that the phase intermixing induced a synergistic effect leading to an enhanced stability of the composite. The low-quantity catalyst loading emphasizes the economic and environmental advantages of our approach