Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• (69 and 71 wt %, respectively, see Table S3, Supporting Information File 1). In the literature, there are various reports on Ni/carbon and Ni/N-doped carbon composites (Table S3, Supporting Information File 1). These composites are largely obtained by pyrolysis of Ni precursors or Ni-containing metal

• organic frameworks (MOF) with or without a nitrogen source [13][43][44]. An important step in these syntheses is high-temperature pyrolysis under inert atmosphere for a few hours. However, these methods often cannot control the nitrogen microstructure and composition. In contrast, Ni/CTF-1 is obtained in

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• synthesizing CDs, including oxidation and reduction [13][14][15], laser ablation [16], microwave irradiation [9], pyrolysis [17], and hydrothermal treatment [18]. Some of these methods are tedious and time consuming and use strong acids and/or surface treatment to improve their water solubility and

• methods; such studies would provide insight into the CD formation and PL mechanisms [31][32]. Using fluorescent N-doped CDs, which were made from grinding soybean via a pyrolysis process at 200 °C for 3 h under argon atmosphere, Xu et al. [31] observed blue emission with maximum emission of 3.17% quantum

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• Hyung Jun An Jong Min Park Nazmul Abedin Khan Sung Hwa Jhung Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea 10.3762/bjnano.11.47 Abstract Polyaniline-derived carbon (PDC) was obtained via pyrolysis of polyaniline

• under different temperatures and applied for the purification of water contaminated with dye molecules of different sizes and charge by adsorption. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, it was found that the hydrophobicity, pore size and mesopore volume increased. A mesoporous PDC sample obtained via

• pyrolysis at 900 °C showed remarkable performance in the adsorption of dye molecules, irrespective of dye charge, especially in the removal of bulky dye molecules, such as acid red 1 (AR1) and Janus green B (JGB). For example, the most competitive PDC material showed a Q0 value (maximum adsorption capacity

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• uniformly filled the 3D network of CA, providing plenty of sites for coupling with ZIF-67. Third, ZIF-67 was in situ crystallized on the surface of the NiMoO4/CA skeleton by a hydrothermal method. Finally, after the pyrolysis of the NiMoO4@ZIF-67/CA precursor at 350 °C for 2 h under air atmosphere, the

• NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA composite was obtained. The morphology of CA, NiMoO4/CA, NiMoO4@ZIF-67/CA and NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As shown in Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1, after the pyrolysis process, the volume

• temperature. The resulting ZIF-67/NiMoO4/CA sample was washed with anhydrous ethanol and then dried in vacuum at 80 °C for 12 h. Finally, the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA samples were prepared by the pyrolysis of the NiMoO4@ZIF-67/CA precursors at 350 °C for 2 h under air atmosphere. Characterization The crystalline

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• the carbon sheet, which lead to a disruption of the conjugated network and the flow of charge carriers is reduced by several orders of magnitude [10]. Up to now, several methods including chemical vapor deposition [11][12][13], arc discharge [14], aerosol pyrolysis [15], mechanical exfoliation [1

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• spectroscopy, semitransparent Sb2S3 thin films can be rapidly grown in air by the area-scalable ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Integrated into a ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3/P3HT/Au solar cell, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.5% at air mass 1.5 global (AM1.5G) is achieved, which is a record among spray

• . Keywords: antimony sulfide; semitransparent solar cells; solar windows; thin films; ultrasonic spray pyrolysis; Introduction Modern buildings, especially high-rise buildings, have a large window area available for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Covering the windows with semitransparent thin

• techniques are the high energy demand and the need for batch processing, which inflates production costs. As a potent solution-based chemical deposition method, ultrasonic chemical spray pyrolysis (USP) is capable of rapid, area-scalable, roll-to-roll and low-cost in-air deposition of Sb2S3 layers without

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• efficient catalyst for initiation of the transesterification process that converts triglycerides into FAMEs. Other methods that do not require a catalyst, such as pyrolysis and utilization of supercritical fluid technology, are considered to be highly energy-intensive, inhibiting their practical

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• oxidation state +1, was reported to form phase-pure NiGa and Ni3Ga nanoparticles with Ni(COD)2 in the ionic liquid [BMIm][BF4] under microwave-induced pyrolysis at 230 °C [30]. GaCp* is reported to be thermally stable in organic solvents in the absence of hydrogen to up to 300 °C [43]. In imidazolium-based

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• concentration on the activation process by varying the K2CO3 content, while keeping the PU content constant (Table 1). The samples are indexed as follows: polyurethane (PU), K2CO3 (PC), and “800” standing for the pyrolysis temperature and a sequence number at the end of the sample code. The obtained plastic

Rapid thermal annealing for high-quality ITO thin films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Doina Craciun,
• Florin Garoi,
• Catalin Negrila,
• Beatrice Gabriela Sbarcea and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1511–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.149

• of ITO in various applications increases when the electrical properties are improved. Various deposition techniques have been used to obtain TCO thin films, such as: vacuum thermal evaporation [15][16], chemical vapor deposition [17], sol–gel [18], pyrolysis spray techniques [5][19], magnetron

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• at a binding energy of 781.1 and 796.2 eV [95]. However, the CoN4 single atoms are usually prepared by high temperature pyrolysis, and in our case, the synthesis is conducted at room temperature. It is very unlikely that CoN4 species will be formed under these conditions. The results of the XPS

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• rods and optimal synthesis conditions were determined by testing samples with different Ce/ZnO molar ratios calcined at 500 °C for 3 hours via a one-step pyrolysis method. The photocatalytic activity was assessed by the degradation of a common dye pollutant found in wastewater, rhodamine B (RhB), using

• knowledge, the synthesis of rod-like Ce-doped ZnO (abbreviated as CZO [9]) by pyrolysis derived from ZIF-8 (a zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF) has not been reported. As one of the most frequently used MOFs, ZIF-8 (2-methylimidazole zinc salt) has potential applications in gas storage, catalysis, etc

• , then ZnO and a series of Ce-doped ZnO were synthesized by a one-step pyrolysis method. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation rate of RhB using a sunlight stimulator. The changes in crystal structure, Ce element state, morphology and chemical composition were characterized by XRD

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• determined in a Vario micro cube analyzer (Elementar GmbH), by combustion of the sample at 1050 °C. The oxygen content was determined using a rapid oxy cube analyzer (Elementar GmbH) in which the sample underwent pyrolysis at 1450 °C. Each sample was analysed in triplicate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• , we attempted to obtain an additional enhancement effect of metal-oxide nanoparticles without the need for further processing steps. A coating with carbonaceous thin films was obtained coating by sublimation, deposition, and pyrolysis of tin(II) phthalocyanine (SnPc) on a carbon fiber surface in a

• carbonaceous thin film was formed by sublimation, deposition, and pyrolysis of CoPc on the carbon fiber surface during a single heat-treatment step using a conventional crucible. The treatment substantially enriched edge planes and produced an enhanced activity for the positive and negative electrode reactions

• . Results and Discussion Concurrent surface etching and SnO2 loading Graphitic carbon paper (TGP-H-090, Toray, abbreviated as TGP) was used as the substrate. The SnPc-derived carbonaceous thin film (CSnPc; obtained thorugh sublimation, deposition, and pyrolysis of SnPc in a single-step heat treatment in an

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• 400 °C, showing significant loss of material starting from 200 °C. However, the crystallinity and crystal growth of the resulting porous ZnO structure were not investigated. In different systems, studying the evolution of Ti alkoxide upon pyrolysis in inert atmosphere, Abdulagatov et al. [11] showed

• of thickness and increase in refractive index. Two mechanisms could account for such phenomena. Residual carbon present in the layers is oxidized and desorbed, causing a further collapse of the non-volatile ZnO backbone. In an in situ FTIR investigation of the pyrolysis of alucone deposited by MLD

• different methods in the annealing temperature range of 350–450 °C [62][68][69][70][71][72][73]. For the pyrolysis of titanicone, a shift towards higher crystallization temperatures for TiO2 was reported by Abdulagatov et al. [11] due to hindrance of crystallization by organic ligands constraining amorphous

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

• Marwa Mokni,
• Gianluigi Maggioni,
• Abdelkader Kahouli,
• Sara M. Carturan,
• Walter Raniero and
• Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

• (dichlorinated di-p-xylylene, 2.5 g, same amount for all the depositions) is sublimated at a temperature between 120 and 160 °C and a pressure of around 1–2 Pa in the first step. Then, the vapor of the dimer is cleaved into a reactive vapor monomer (monochlorinated p-xylylene) in a pyrolysis chamber at a

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• , SiNH2 and SiNL also present two thermal steps. The first mass loss of 2.72% was assigned to the evaporation of adsorbed water. The second mass loss of 6.19% and 9.07% from 110 °C to 800 °C was attributed to SiNH2 and SiNL, respectively. This mass loss is attributed to the pyrolysis of the organic

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• controllable in-air growth of continuous, uniform, polycrystalline Sb2S3 absorber layers has not yet been accomplished. This could be achieved with chemical spray pyrolysis, a robust chemical method for deposition of thin films. We applied a two-stage process to produce continuous Sb2S3 optical coatings with

• pyrolysis in air by tuning of the deposition temperature, the Sb/S precursor molar ratio in the spray solution, and the post-deposition treatment temperature. Keywords: antimony sulfide; thin films; ultrasonic spray; vacuum annealing; Volmer–Weber growth; Introduction Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is an

• chemical bath deposition (CBD) [3][4], spin coating [5], atomic layer deposition (ALD) [6] or chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) [7] method, has been applied in extremely thin absorber (ETA) solar cells due to its excellent absorption coefficient in the visible light spectrum (1.8 × 105 cm−1 at 450 nm) [1][2

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• -Magurele, Romania Ovidius University of Constanta, Mamaia Avenue no. 124, 900524, Constanta, Romania 10.3762/bjnano.10.2 Abstract Zn/F co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles with a mean diameter of less than 15 nm and a narrow size distribution were synthesized by a one-step laser pyrolysis technique using a

• dopant concentration). Keywords: laser pyrolysis; nanoparticles; optical bandgap; Zn/F-doped SnO2; Introduction Recently, there has been growing interest in the field of transparent conducting oxides and wide bandgap oxide nanocrystalline materials such as tin oxide (SnO2). It is generally agreed that

• .) antimony by spray pyrolysis [9] or by sol–gel methods followed by spin-coating and annealing in different environments [10], ii.) manganese by long-time annealing of Mn/SnO2 bilayers in air at 200 °C [11] or by co-precipitation [12], iii.) aluminum, copper or indium all by spray pyrolysis from ethanolic

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• the preceding IR and XRD results and also revealed the ease of purification of OLDH. Additionally, the temperature at the maximal pyrolysis rate (Tmax) showed no significant difference between these two LDHs. The pHRR and HRC values for OLDH were only 31.5% and 36.1%, respectively, of those for DBS

Site-controlled formation of single Si nanocrystals in a buried SiO₂ matrix using ion beam mixing

• Xiaomo Xu,
• Thomas Prüfer,
• Daniel Wolf,
• Hans-Jürgen Engelmann,
• Lothar Bischoff,
• René Hübner,
• Karl-Heinz Heinig,
• Wolfhard Möller,
• Stefan Facsko,
• Johannes von Borany and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2883–2892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.267

• pyrolysis [13] and ion beam synthesis in an SiO2 matrix [14][15][16][17]. Compared to conventional ion beam synthesis using low-energy ion implantation, collisional mixing of Si into an SiO2 layer by ion irradiation at higher energies leads to a better control over the Si excess, and a self-aligned δ-layer

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• produced by many different approaches. For example, by use of a molten-salt method, wet (or liquid) chemistry, nanocarving, self-catalyst growth, template-assisted (or sacrificial template) synthesis, chemical vapour deposition, thermal evaporation, spray pyrolysis or electrospinning [34][35][36]. Among

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• the π-system of pyridinic N and graphene, as already reported for carbon nanofibers by Maldonado and Stevenson [102]. A more detailed study was performed by Kundu et al. [103] on N-CNTs prepared via pyrolysis of acetonitrile over cobalt catalysts. Samples were synthesized at different temperatures

• introduction of nitrogen into various carbon-based cathode catalysts for the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) [105]. Different preparation methods were used: nitrogen doping using ammonia resulted in high amounts of pyridinic N, while using pyrolysis of nitrogen-containing precursors the amount of

• between graphitic N and pyridinic N. In the report of Parvez et al., nitrogen-doped graphene was synthesized from a composite made of graphitic carbon nitride and graphene sheets, which subsequently underwent heating treatment [107]. Depending on the pyrolysis temperature (800, 900 or 1000 °C), three

Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

• Hana Krýsová,
• Josef Krýsa and
• Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

• electrons with the oxidized form of the redox mediator or with the hole-transporting medium can be avoided. In the present work, thin, transparent, blocking TiO2 films are prepared by semi-automatic spray pyrolysis of precursors consisting of titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) as the main

• properties that were not influenced by post-calcination. These results will surely find use in the fabrication of large-scale dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells. Keywords: blocking films; FTO; solar cells; spray pyrolysis deposition; titanium dioxide; Introduction Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs

• prevent recombination on this surface [3][4][5]. Blocking layers (BLs) can be fabricated by spray pyrolysis [3][6], magnetron sputtering [7], electrochemical deposition [8] spin coating [9][10], dip coating [11] and atomic layer deposition (ALD) [3]. From the viewpoint of low-cost processing and easy

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• the production of different mesoporous materials. Most of these materials are ordered or disordered oxides, which can be successfully produced by many methods such as wet chemistry [1][2], hydrothermal treatment [3], aerosol spray pyrolysis [4], etc. In contrast, metal mesoporous materials are rare

• ], electroplating using templates [8], electrophoretic deposition of nanoparticles [9] and diverse techniques of hollow porous structure formation, for example, by aerosol pyrolysis or by smart chemical etching. The latter includes selective chemical etching of one metal component [10][11] or etching during

• structures could be also synthesized using aerosol spray pyrolysis as described in [29][30]. The following reduction of Ag2O was performed using three different concentrations of NaBH4 solution. A 100-fold excess of NaBH4 led to instantaneous decomposition of Ag2O particles, producing a black-colored colloid