Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• all laminates. They consist of preheating for 5 min at a constant temperature of 200 °C, pressing for 8 min at a pressure of 0.8 MPa and cooling to room temperature for 20 min. The compression times had a marked effect on the feasibility of hot pressing and the mechanical properties of the resulting

• a speed of 1 mm/min at room temperature using a RetroLine universal testing machine (ZwickRoell GmbH & Co. KG., Ulm, Germany) equipped with a 10 kN load cell. Samples for which slippage was visible during tensile loading were excluded from further evaluation. Stress (σ = F/A0) and strain (ε = (li

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• of as-precipitated nanowires in air at a heating rate of 10 K·min−1 from room temperature to 500 °C. The static water contact angles were measured using a goniometer (OCA 11, DataPhysics Instruments GmbH, Filderstadt, Germany) following the standard sessile drop method. The measurements were

• performed at room temperature. A TOC-L CPH analyzer (SHIMADZU, Japan) was used to detect total organic carbon (TOC). Photocatalytic activity for OFL removal The photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the photodegradation of 50 mL aqueous solutions of OFL at initial concentrations of 50, 75, 100, and

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• ) operating at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. For SEM and Raman measurements, the colloidal solution was deposited onto Al foil by drop casting and dried at room temperature. The Raman measurements were performed under 488 nm excitation using a micro-Raman system (“NanoFlex”, Solar LS, Belarus). The UV–vis

• absorption spectra of the prepared colloids were measured using a Cary 500 Scan spectrophotometer (Varian, USA) in the spectral range of 200–2000 nm in a 10 mm quartz cuvette. The measurements of the PL spectra were carried out at room temperature using a Fluorolog-3 spectrofluorometer (HORIBA Scientific

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• resulting dispersions were sonicated followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 h to facilitate the adsorption process in neutral medium. A successive increase in adsorption efficiency of dendrimerized CNTs from CNTs-G1 to CNTs-G5 was observed, clearly indicating the significant role of stepwise growth

• using 30 mL of distilled water through a ring-opening mechanism [51]. Then, 0.4 g of freshly prepared MA was mixed with 3.0 g of a DES synthesized by the reaction of choline chloride and zinc chloride in a 1:2 molar ratio under continuous stirring at room temperature until a homogeneous liquid was

• formed [52]. The mixture of MA and DES was stirred at room temperature for 10 min and then diluted with 3 mL of deionized water to obtain a homogeneous solution. Subsequently, 100 mg of pure CNTs were gradually added to the MA-DES solution under continuous magnetic stirring for 30 min to ensure proper

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• for the preparation of functional IONPs capped with either alkynes or azides [8][13][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The thiol–maleimide Michael addition reaction is another commonly employed click reaction [28][29][30][31], which can be performed at room temperature by simply mixing

• %) and sulfo-Cy5-azide (hereafter, referred to simply as Cy5-azide) (95%) were purchased from Lumiprobe Corporation (Hunt Valley, MD). All sonication steps were performed using a Branson 2510 ultrasonic cleaner (Branson Ultrasonics Corp., Brookfield, CT) at room temperature (RT). All centrifugation steps

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• , time, and acceleration [103]. The spin coating method is a straightforward, simple, and room-temperature technique for producing thin films. Uniform coatings are produced by evenly casting a solution of the required substance in a solvent (“ink”) across the substrate’s surface while it is spinning [104

• polymers, and are suitable for film fabrication using spin coating under optimal conditions. 2.2 Drop casting Colloidal indium oxide (In2O3) NPs were synthesized using PLA of indium in water at room temperature. The thin film of In2O3 NPs was deposited on a n-type silicon by drop casting for heterojunction

• particle size through a relatively simple process, further advancing the field of laser-based nanoparticle synthesis. The first report on the fabrication of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) through laser irradiation of ZnO hollow nanospheres in a liquid medium highlighted a rapid, simple process conducted at room

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• solution was stirred at room temperature and aged in the dark overnight. Manufacturing of AgNPrs A volume of 20 mL of the seed solution was transferred into 25 mL glass vials (Wheaton, Germany). These vials were placed vertically at a fixed distance of 8 cm from the LED light source, inside a cardboard box

• (TEM, JEM-1400, Japan). For TEM analysis, a droplet of the nanoparticle dispersion was deposited onto a 3 mm copper grid and allowed to dry at room temperature. For FESEM analysis, the dried sample was mounted on conductive carbon tape and imaged at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. TEM imaging was

• residue was re-dispersed in 1 mL of distilled water. 50 µL of 10−4 M 4-MBA solution was added to 450 µL of the re-dispersed sample and left for 1 h at room temperature. 20 µL of the resulting mixture was placed on the Si wafer substrate, allowed to dry at room temperature, and Raman measurements were

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• was turned off and the deposition chamber was opened after the system had cooled down to room temperature. Laser-assisted nanowire tip exposure A focused 450 nm blue diode laser beam was used to expose the tip of the platinum nanowires after parylene-C coating. Figure 7 illustrates the experimental

Automated collection and categorisation of STM images and STS spectra with and without machine learning

• Dylan Stewart Barker and
• Adam Sweetman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1367–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.99

• . The target temperature for SnPc deposition was 360 °C; once reached, the cryostat shields were opened for 1 h, before closing and checking the coverage in STM. Once deposited, the sample was cold annealed to room temperature, which has the effect of driving the molecules preferentially to the “elbow

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• determined at room temperature, which might not be appropriate for metals heated with intense femtosecond laser pulses. The LIPSS period becomes smaller when the stainless steel surface is rougher as the roughness increases the real part of the refractive index at the metal–air interface [61]. Variation of

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• 2 h. Finally, the BiVO4 electrode was rinsed with 1 M NaOH to remove excess V2O5 from the surface, followed by rinsing with distilled water and drying at room temperature. The photoanode BiVO4 was named BiVO4(xy), where x indicates the current intensity for BiOI deposition, and y denotes the

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• tube, and dried under a stream of nitrogen for 24 h. Then, 3 mL of a 2% methanolic NaOH solution was added to the tube. The tube was hermetically sealed and heated at 85 °C for 3 min. After cooling to room temperature, 2 mL of a BF3/methanol solution was added. The tube was resealed and heated for 25

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• diffraction (XRD) was performed using an Aeris Minerals Edition from PANalytical (UK) with Co radiation at 40 kV. Biopackaging samples were clipped on a 16 mm holder and the measurement was performed using a 1/8° diffraction slit. Mechanical strength was determined at room temperature using a Testometric X350

• testing machine (UK) following the ASTM D882 standard. Testing was performed at a crosshead speed of 50 mm·min−1 using a 1 N load cell on 1 cm × 7 cm specimens at room temperature. Water vapor permeability (WVP) was measured using a modified ASTM E96/E96M-16 method. 90 mm diameter biopackaging samples

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• hydrogel films, drying for four days at room temperature and storage in a desiccator is required [94]. In the method described by Gao et al. (2018), PVA 15% w/v is added into water and stirred at 95 °C until complete dissolution [55]. The freeze/thaw cycle was carried out at −20 °C and room temperature and

• of Ca(OH)2 (pH 10.2), CaCl2 (pH 7.2), or CaCO3 (pH 8.1) for three days at room temperature, followed by washing with water and drying at 60 °C [140]. In recent years, ultrasmall nanogels have emerged as an innovative drug delivery system, mainly due to their ability to deeply penetrate biological

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• (CBB) of the State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), where they were raised at room temperature between 20 and 30 °C and fed with fish food. Production and characterization of nanocomposites Method of production of chitosan nanocomposites The nanocomposites for use as a vehicle of

• [19], with adaptations in order to include the rotenoid. In the common ionic gelation method, a 0.175% (w/v) chitosan solution was prepared in 20 mL of 1% (v/v) acetic acid, containing 1 mg/mL of rotenoids. The mixture was maintained under constant agitation at 300 rpm, at room temperature, overnight

• . Subsequently, 15 mL of a 5 mM sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) solution was prepared. The chitosan solution was then added dropwise to the TPP solution, while the mixture was continuously agitated on a magnetic stirrer at 1000 rpm, overnight, at room temperature. The resulting solution was centrifuged at 10,000g

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• adsorption energy ranges from −0.389 to −0.657 eV, indicating weak physisorption. The Mulliken charge transfer varies between 0.06e and 0.109e, confirming effective but nondestructive interaction. A favorable recovery time of ≈3.533 μs at room temperature, along with a significant red shift in the absorption

• humidity sensing performance compared to that of ZnO/ZnS nanorod arrays and ZnO nanorod arrays, with enhanced response, faster recovery, good linearity, and reliable reproducibility across a wide range of relative humidity conditions at room temperature. Giri et al. [48] demonstrated that phase-selective

• , a high recovery time of 3.5 μs at room temperature supported by the weak van-der-Waals-based physisorption phenomenon and significant red shift in the absorption coefficient and optical conductivity peaks. The results underscore the potential of ZnS NT as a sensor material for CP and the suitability

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• and can even happen at room temperature. However, this is unlikely to be the driving factor as this may not explain the differences in the nanoparticle structure caused by ps- or ns-LAL which create particles of similar size. Also note that the estimated durations of TL refer to simulations on silver

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• -grown TiO2 films at room temperature, which is consistent with values reported in other studies [50][51]. However, it should be noted that the films in [49][50][51] were deposited using radio-frequency reactive and pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. These results indicate that the value of optical bandgap

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• . Then the SLGO surface was dipped into a 1.0 mol/L CsCl solution with the same pH values. The solutions were kept at room temperature. Both pH adjustment and CsCl solutions were added dropwise on the SLGO surface. The volumes of the solutions and contact times were 1 µL and 5 min, respectively. After Cs

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• SiC surface and stored at room temperature. The synthesized hBN and commercial BaTiO3 nanoparticles (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were characterized using several analytical techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL ARM 200 CF, 200 keV) was employed to examine morphology and particle size by

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• colleagues have reported the rapid and reversible microactuation of liquid crystals based on the surface catalysis of H₂ and O₂ at room temperature on a late transition metal alloy film (Figure 7) [242]. The reaction of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, catalyzed by a Pd/Au surface, is employed to rapidly and

• reversibly alter the orientation of liquid crystals at room temperature. The dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on the palladium/gold film results in the reduction of pre-adsorbed oxygen and the generation of adsorbed hydrogen. This process causes the nitrile-containing liquid crystal to undergo a change in

• ]. They make effective use of intercalation into the nanospaces formed in thin polymer films (Figure 17). Molecular redox reactions that are precisely controlled at room temperature are employed in biochemical processes, including proton coupling electron transfer reactions. For instance, two-electron

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• commercially available butylamine with 5-fluoro-2-nitrobenzotrifluoride 2a in acetonitrile at room temperature gave compound 2b. Subsequently, nitrosation with sodium nitrite under acid conditions yielded the nitroso derivative 2. All operations were carried out under a low-intensity level of visible light

• room temperature for at least 48 h, as evidenced by the unaltered values of the hydrodynamic diameter and the unchanged absorption and emission features over this time window. Cytotoxicity and cell targeting properties of 1 The effects of the nanoassembly of 1 on cell viability were evaluated on

• , and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure at 35 °C. The resulting film was rehydrated with an aqueous solution of 1 (50 μM) by stirring overnight at room temperature. The final solution was left to equilibrate and filtered. Encapsulation efficiency (EE %) was calculated using the formula

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• ). Immobilisation protocol of metabolically active mitochondria and reference structures Mitochondria suspended in Krebs–Ringer medium in a 1.5 mL Eppendorf tube were thawed at room temperature, if necessary. The tube was filled with Krebs–Ringer medium (approx. 1.4 mL), mixed, and 200 μL of the suspension was

• added to the bioinert cover slip of a “35 mm imaging dish with a polymer coverslip bottom and low walls” (Cat. No.: 80136, ibidi). After an incubation time of 10 min at room temperature to allow the mitochondria to settle on the coverslip, the excess medium was carefully removed. The imaging dish was

• (1:10 for 3 μm microspheres, 1:100 for 1 μm microspheres) was transferred to the imaging dish and left to dry, allowing the ethanol to evaporate. As immobilisation was insufficient, the samples were exposed to acetone vapour for 30 min at room temperature in air. The 3 μm polystyrene microspheres

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• structure elucidation and identification of surface sites. However, this approach is presently not feasible for measurements performed at room temperature as the required control over the tip termination is challenged by thermal motion. For room-temperature measurements, it is common practice to bring the

• foremost tip atom may rearrange to minimize the tip surface energy in response to increasing tip–sample interaction forces. Here, we perform an experimental investigation of tip changes during NC-AFM imaging of a CaF2(111) surface with non-functionalized tips at both room temperature (RT) and low

• present NC-AFM data demonstrating tip changes on a bulk CaF2(111) surface at room temperature and on a CaF2/CaF/Si(111) thin film surface at 77 K. We demonstrate the effect of tip changes on the contrast formation and find, as a key result, routes for a discrimination between polarity-preserving tip

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• -CDs-AgNPs) The method for synthesizing AgNPs employing PG-CDs as both the reducing and stabilizing agents is as follows. PG-CDs-AgNPs were synthesized by adding the PG-CDs solution to 1 mM AgNO3 in 1:10 V/V ratio in 100 mL of distilled water. The reaction was kept at room temperature undisturbed. The

• filtered by a Whatman filter paper and the extract was collected and placed on a magnetic stirrer with a sand bath maintained at 120 °C for 24 h. The color of the solution changed from orange to brown confirming the reaction progresses. After that, it was left alone until the reaction solution reached room

• temperature. Centrifugation was conducted for 5 min at 3000 rpm, followed by syringe filtration (0.22 µM) to discard larger agglomerated particles. Finally, the clear brown solution of PG-CDs was then kept in a refrigerator for additional experiments. Synthesis of carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles (PG