Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• ][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Structural characterization and morphology. (a) Schematic illustration of the structure of the 2D/3D PSCs. (b) XRD patterns as a function of the 2D perovskite doping concentration and (c) UV–vis absorption spectra of the (EDBEPbI4)x(MAPbI3)1−x films. (d–g

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• per hour as the operating conditions of the electrospinning process. Owing to the potential difference between the syringe tip and the collector aluminum foil, the N-CDots were confined into sub-micrometer fibers by electrospinning. Results and Discussion Structural characterization of the N-CDots

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• and titanium dioxide, and after a calcination process, hollow nanospheres were obtained with a radius of approximately 345 nm and shell thickness of 17 nm. The structural characterization was performed using electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray diffraction evidenced an

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• . Structural characterization The nanostructured electrodes were examined via SEM employing an ESEM XI 30 FEG (Philips, Germany) instrument to characterize the morphology and structural properties. The average particle size and size distribution of Fe nanoparticles were determined by examining the size of 200

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• produced by the reference Pt3Co/CB is higher than for all the Pt3Co samples and most of the Pt3Ni catalysts prepared in this study. Thus, the H2O2 production is not an obstacle for using these catalysts for PEMFC applications. Structural characterization of the best catalysts For a better understanding of

• there is a better interaction between the Ni and the N-CNTHT than the Co and the N-CNT. The catalysts were then filtered, washed with deionized water and dried for 24 hours at 80 °C. The same structural characterization was performed on the washed Pt3Co/N-CNT catalyst. The results of the XPS analysis

• micrographs of the carbon supports are given in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1. The CNTs, N-CNTs and S-CNTs have mean external diameters of 15 ± 5, 18 ± 8, and 15 ± 7 nm, respectively. The specific surface area (SSA) of these materials ranged between 150 m2/g (CNTs) and 190 m2/g (S-CNTs). Structural

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• (OH)3. Results and Discussion Structural characterization of Y(OH)3:Eu3+ particles Figure 1a presents the X-ray diffraction pattern of representative Y(OH)3:Eu3+ particles having 7.5% dopant ratio (Y(OH)3:7.5% Eu3+) prepared at various reaction times. The pattern of the starting material (i.e

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• magnetostrictive coefficient for the former and a higher magnetocrystalline energy constant for the latter. Results and Discussion Structural characterization of the CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles Nine samples have been prepared. They consist of CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles distributed in two series: six of them are

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• material” in the following text (Figure 1). Structural characterization For a detailed insight into the morphology of the electrode, SEM images of the carbonized sample, N-doped carbon felt and S- and N-doped composite material were taken at two different magnifications (Figure 2). The fibers of the

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• chemical composition of [Cu]/[In] = 1.05 ± 0.13 and [Se]/[metal] = 0.83 ± 0.14 (average value ± standard deviation). These values are compatible with a CuInSe2 chemical composition of the nanodots and are also in agreement with the structural characterization presented above. Two line profiles of a region

Revisiting semicontinuous silver films as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates

• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Małgorzata Norek,
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz and
• Piotr Nyga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1048–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.105

• , reflectance decreases for wavelengths in the range of about one micrometer) without the need for expensive and time-consuming structural characterization. This could be used as a quick method for initial optimization of SSF thickness for high SERS signal. Calculation of the SERS enhancement factor of a SERS

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• composed of an electron gun (1 eV) and an Ar ion gun (≤10 eV) was used. The structural characterization of Au-decorated MWCNTs was performed using a JEM-1011 transmission electron microscope (TEM) from JEOL Ltd. (Japan). A copper grid was used onto which a suspension of Au-MWCNTs was dropped. The images

Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensor applications of PtSe₂ nanosheets synthesized by wet chemistry

• Mahendra S. Pawar and
• Dattatray J. Late

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.46

• carried out at ambient pressure and room temperature. Results and Discussion Structural characterization The structural characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Figure 1a shows the typical XRD pattern of the as-prepared sample deposited on a Si substrate. XRD

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• . Nevertheless, the orthorhombic and rhombohedral patterns are quite similar and do not allow for an easy discrimination between both structures. Because the structure is strongly linked to the oxygen content, complementary structural characterization was carried out by Raman spectroscopy to identify the LMO

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• room temperature under air and stored. Structural characterization Surface composition and morphology of the samples were investigated by SEM (JEOL, model JSM-6510LV) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy detector (EDS, Bruker XFlash 6I10). Crystallinity information was obtained from X-ray

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• methylene blue (MB) as the target pollutant, because MB is a typical organic dye with well-known toxicity and a threat to water environments [19]. The structural characterization and recyclability of the nanocomposite are also investigated. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports about the

Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

• Irini Michelakaki,
• Nikos Boukos,
• Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
• Spyros Stathopoulos,
• Costas A. Charitidis and
• Dimitris Tsoukalas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

• studied in the same field for non-volatile resistive memory ReRam [35] applications as well as for ferroelectric non-volatile memories [36]. In this context, we present an analytical study on synthesis and structural characterization of Hf NPs and NTFs. Studies on the synthesis and characterization of hcp

• time of the NPs in the aggregation zone results in the formation of bigger NPs. Soft landing – structural characterization Structural characterization of the nanoparticles was performed by high-resolution electron transmission microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction. In both cases the nanoparticles

• nanoparticles deposition density and compactness of the film depend on the impact energy, which in our case remains low and results in the formation of porous films. Energetic deposition – structural characterization Structural characterization of the nanoparticles was performed by high-resolution electron

Atomic-level characterization and cilostazol affinity of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with differentially charged hydrophilic molecules

• María Francisca Matus,
• Martín Ludueña,
• Cristian Vilos,
• Iván Palomo and
• Marcelo M. Mariscal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1328–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.126

• , computational modelling provides useful approaches to help elucidate the behavior at the atomic level of various nanosystems, predict their drug affinity, and at the same time, reduce the number of preliminary experimental tests (or to be used as a complementary approach to experimental work). The structural

• characterization in silico provides a comprehensive understanding of properties that govern the formation mechanism and drug loading of NPs and help create better designs and promising compositions. Although there are different experimental methods for synthesis and preparation of PLA–PEG NPs [8][11], molecular

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

• Karolline A. S. Araujo,
• Luiz A. Cury,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Thales F. D. Fernandes,
• Luiz G. Cançado and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

• set superposition error (BSSE) has been taken into account in all Ef values using the counterpoise correction [77]. Morphological and structural characterization of the retinoic acid (RA)–graphene hybrid system. (a) Atomic force microscopy topographic image of a RA self-assembled monolayer, partially

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• all remaining solvent and residual impurities before carrying out further characterization. Structural characterization The crystalline structure and morphology of the as-deposited sub-micrometer ZnO spheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8 Advance), SEM (FE-SEM, HITACHI S-4800

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• sintering temperature. Interestingly, a change in fiber morphology was observed when the calcination temperature increased to 850 °C. The nanofibers consisted of connected particles or crystallites, which is consistent with previous reports [29]. Further structural characterization of the as-prepared MoO2

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• . HADF-STEM and spatially-resolved EDX mapping (Figure 2) demonstrate that the surface of BN NPs is densely populated with Ag NPs. Thorough structural characterization of individual Ag NPs revealed their fine structure. The HRTEM images of individual Ag NPs are depicted in Figure 2c and 2f. The particles

• , and then 75 mg of AgNO3 were added to the BN NP/PEG suspension. Next, the mixture was exposed to an UV lamp (185 nm) for 30 min during magnetic stirring, and then washed with distilled water and dried. Structural characterization The microstructure and morphology of the BN/Ag HNMs were studied by

Al₂O₃/TiO₂ inverse opals from electrosprayed self-assembled templates

• Arnau Coll,
• Sandra Bermejo,
• David Hernández and
• Luís Castañer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 216–223, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.23

• deposition, TIPT (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the precursor gas. For the structural characterization, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed and an SEM-FIB (NEON 40, Carl Zeiss) was used for the creation of trenches used to inspect inside the samples. In order to assess the quality of the process

CdSe nanorod/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Fakher Laatar,
• Hatem Moussa,
• Halima Alem,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Hatem Ezzaouia and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

• from Horiba Scientific with 532 nm wavelength incident laser light. The initial and final total organic carbon (TOC) content was determined using a Shimadzu TOC-VCSH analyzer to evaluate the degree of photomineralization. Results and Discussion Synthesis, morphological and structural characterization

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• Structural characterization The sample nomenclature was set to α-Fe2O3-SX.X, in which S refers to the type of SCA (E for ethylenediamine, D for 1,2-diaminopropane, B for 2,3-diaminobutane, and N for N-methylethylenediamine) and X.X refers to the amount of Fe3+ in moles, which was varied over a range of 0.1