TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• complementary characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM-EDX, TGA, N2 sorption, NMR, XPS and UV–vis spectrometry. It was observed that treatment in 70% ethanol solution preserves the ordered layered structure of 2D mordenite because TEOT hydrolysis is slowed down. This, in turn, leads to higher

• cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) layers. The latter method involves the synthesis of layered 2D zeolites in the presence of CTAB and organic structure directing agents (OSDAs), followed by calcination to remove them from the resulting products [1]. The choice of the OSDA determines not only the interlamellar

• treatment in air is eliminated in the process of crystallization at 400–550 °C; thus, titanium dioxide nanoparticles are obtained [29]. In this study we investigate in detail the influence of the hydrolysis medium and the duration of the hydrolytic process on composition, local structure, morphology

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• essential issue for practical applications in the future. The structure of PSCs is ABX3, where A and B are the cationic sites and X is the anionic site. In double perovskite solar cells (DPSCs), the unit cell is twice that of the perovskite, that is, A2BB′O6. It has two cations at the sites B and B′ with

• , the double perovskite layer is sandwiched between the CTLs. In 2021, Kumar et al., reported a PCE of 9.68% for a La2NiMnO6 (LNMO)-based device structure after the bandgap had been optimized using the SCAPS-1D software [12]. In 2022, Porwal et al. reported a PCE of 23.64% with Cs2SnI6 as double

• and shunt resistance, interfacial defect density, and various metal electrodes were studied. An efficiency of 18.89% with VOC = 0.7919 V, JSC = 27.89 mA/cm2, and FF = 85.52% was reported for the device structure FTO/WS2/La2NiMnO6/Cu2O/Au [15][16]. In 2023, the highest optimized efficiency of 24.08

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• macrophages in the spleen and lymph nodes, that sequester them. This occurs often independent of their design and structure [7]. Although a significant challenge, this interaction presents a unique clinical application opportunity. Macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases and thus can

• ]. NCs enhance the delivery of biological therapeutics, and endosomal escape can be controlled by tuning their structure and physicochemical properties. For example, NCs designed with “proton sponge” capability contain materials that adsorb and buffer protons under acidic conditions and, typically, have

• long-term consequence of chronic liver fibrosis, leads to impaired liver function. HCC, the most common form of primary liver cancer, is often associated with underlying liver conditions like hepatitis and cirrhosis [82]. By exploiting the liver’s unique vascular structure and the natural propensity of

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• bacteria contribute to the creation of NPs by acting as ligands for the metal ions. Extracellular and intracellular enzymes also play a role in this process, acting as capping, stabilizing, and reducing agents [9]. The study focuses on using LAB to synthesize ZnO NPs with wurtzite (B4) structure under

• biosynthesis of ZnO NPs. The formation of a white precipitate at the flask’s bottom served as an indicator of ZnO NP production. XRD analysis The XRD patterns revealed a strong agreement with the hexagonal wurtzite structure, which is characteristic of ZnO NPs. This assertion was substantiated by comparison

• with data from the JCPDS card no.89-7102. Remarkably, there were no indications of any other phases, indicating a high purity of the ZnO NPs. The XRD reflections were remarkably well-defined and narrow. This signifies the distinctive crystalline arrangement, indicating a robust crystalline structure

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• , NanoFASE adopted the concept for their mesocosm study reporting. In collaboration with their NanoCommons data shepherd [29], the NanoFASE project adopted the instance map approach for project-wide data management to structure the data reporting of the complex mesocosm experiments; the researchers used a

• innovation processes is also evident. Methodological Approach Definition of the instance map concept The original instance maps, used as organisational structure in the data curation efforts for the NIKC database [27], enabled users to visually document nanomaterial transformations while capturing the

• characterisation reporting, its terminology, classification, and metadata. A standard structure containing this type of information relating to (i) materials characterisation (meta)data, termed CHADA (CHAracterisation DAta and description of a characterisation experiment), has recently been proposed [42

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• oscillation amplitude yields a signal with a complex temporal structure. This is due to the interferometer signal being limited in amplitude by the spatial periodicity of the cavity light field. By the fit of a model function to the measured time-domain interferometer signal, all displacement signal

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• with a three-dimensional structure comprising pores and cavities of molecular dimensions. This unique structure enables them to operate as molecular sieves, allowing molecules smaller than the pore size to pass through while blocking the diffusion of larger ones. Furthermore, the physicochemical

• response are intricately linked to factors such as the chemical composition, particle size, structure, and geometry of these materials [18][19][20]. Hence, it is generally undesirable for nanoscale materials to undergo structural alterations because of environmental exposure or to change their properties

• structure and properties of these systems is very limited. Besides, to the best of our knowledge, there is a dearth of theoretical literature specifically addressing the study of magnetic clusters within zeolites. With this motivation, the present study evaluates the electronic properties of the magnetite

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• moisture control and water interaction [1][2]. The structure and chemistry of insect skin are finely tuned to navigate these challenges, showcasing a sophisticated natural adaptation to efficiently repel water [3]. Springtails have mastered this capability using micro- and nanostructured skin surfaces

• in Figure 4A shows no damage of ablation of the structure. This is also supported by the EDX analysis, which shows that the composition is not changed within the error margins as the amount of oxygen and silicone remains constant in Figure 4B. The water contact angle (Figure 4C) is reduced a bit from

• surface hydrophobic [5]. (E) SNFs consist of silicone structure, which polymerize and grow on the surface. (F) SNF coating on steel mimics the multiscale springtail structuring. The coating decorates the surface with a water-repelling wire-like structure, which has been shown to be super-hydrophobic when

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• volumes with differing refractive indices. The diamond TPMS structure is special as it provides optimal diffraction efficiency and can form photonic bandgaps even with lower refractive index contrasts (i.e., with refractive index contrasts above 2.1) [15][17]. This makes these structures rather

• . The domains in lattice orientation {100} exhibited polarization conversion. The structure inferred from optical measurements was confirmed using conventional and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). By averaging the reciprocal space images obtained from different lattice

• structure of the scales The body and the elytra of the gold-dust weevil Hypomeces squamosus are covered with iridescent scales (Figure 1). The scales on the wings and body appear mostly greenish, while the scales on the legs are more bluish (Figure 1a). The elytral scales are flat, about 70 μm long and

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• S1, reveals that a crucial aspect of AUR’s interaction with the endosomal membrane is the necessity of protonation under acidic conditions. Specifically, at pH 5, protonation of the aspartic and glutamic acid residues in AUR’s structure is vital for effective membrane interaction. This protonation

• rapid and deep integration reflects its potent ability to disrupt membrane structure, which likely leads to increased permeability. In contrast, AUR’s interaction is more controlled and surface-oriented and significantly influenced by its protonation state at acidic pH. The protonation-dependent

• membrane structure and dynamics. In contrast, the density profile for AUR (Figure 6c) shows a peak near the water–membrane interface, indicating a more superficial insertion compared to OLA. AUR’s density decreases significantly toward the bilayer center, highlighting its preference for interacting with

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• these samples were spherical LPs of low electron density, having a homogeneous structure and different sizes (Figure 3a,e,f). According to [24], we identified LPs with a diameter of 10 nm and less as high-density LPs (Figure 3a,e,f), particles of 20–30 nm as low-density LPs (Figure 3a,e,f), and

• appeared homogeneous, and its high electron density made it difficult to study its fine structure. The material continued, without a visible boundary, into an appendage with polymorphic structure. The appendage showed rounded protrusions, tails, and clouds formed by structureless material of variable

• deepening. The deepening was often filled with an electron-dense substance; in this case, the EV had the appearance of a thick ring on the grids (Figure 4g–j,m–o). The analysis of the structure and identification of bio-NPs in samples obtained from photomodified sera were complicated by the changes caused

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• . These Hf sponges, cut and polished to 10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm, were used as ablation targets. The pristine target had the crystal structure of hexagonal HfO0.25, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) data (see Figure 1a). The elemental composition (Hf: 73.68%, O: 26.32%) was determined by energy

• , we did not notice such a structure in the case of NPs fabricated in DW (Figure 4a). Shell-like structures in Figure 4b and Figure 4c are indicated with red arrows. These structures are multilayered carbon shells around the NPs. Similar formations were noticed in other studies where carbon-rich

• grow to form crystals [43][44][45]. These crystals coalesce to form a polycrystalline structure [43][46]. As the vapour rushes out as a jet, these polycrystals assemble [43][47] linearly to form nanofibres. The formation of these nanofibres seems to depend upon laser parameters such as pulse duration

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• replicating the characteristics or functions of native cells [19]. Nanoparticle coating involves obtaining nanoparticles (Figure 1-2A), which can be organic or inorganic in structure (Figure 2A), and conjugating them with functional ligands (Figure 1-2B) or biological structures, such as cell membranes

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• the mucilage envelope, primarily in the context of its structure and physical properties, as well as biological functions associated with these properties. Keywords: adhesion; cellulose; friction; hydrogel; mucilage envelope; seeds; Introduction The definition of hydrogels describes them as

• its composition [14][15][16]. The nanoscale level of the spatial organisation of mucilage observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the complexity of the mucilage with special features, such as 3D organisation of polysaccharides in a net-like structure [7][13]. In the last years, the

• ], or to animal bodies, promoting epizoochory [31][32][33]. These distinct physical features make mucilage also an important substrate for pharmaceutical, biomedical, and food industries [11][15][19][20][21]. Here, we briefly review the basic composition and structure of mucilage, its frictional and

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• adverse reactions. The toxicity of MNPs depends on various factors such as size, shape, structure, surface modification, concentration, dosage, biodistribution, bioavailability, solubility, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics [23][24]. Their use in some clinical applications is limited by low solubility

• hepatotoxicity and cause inflammatory reactions [31][40][41][42][43]. Askri et al. demonstrated the weakness of the antioxidant barrier against these iron nanoparticles [31]. When Fe3O4 NPs accumulate in lysosomes and release iron ions from their structure, this leads to the dysfunction of mitochondria

• . Histological analysis of morphological changes in liver tissue In the histological examination of the toxic effects of the agents in all groups, a characteristic architecture typical of the liver was observed, with preserved lobular structure and radial arrangement of hepatocytes, as well as normal blood

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• structure and imparts functional attributes such as metal ion chelation and catalytic enhancement. These features make ʟ-carnosine-capped AgNPs an ideal candidate for environmental applications. It was also reported that pristine AgNPs significantly interact with ʟ-carnosine [7]. Traditional methods for

• , Netherlands) for a detailed examination of size and morphology. The crystalline structure of ʟ-car-AgNP1 was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku Smartlab, Japan) within a 2θ range of 35° to 80°. Nanoparticle solutions were air-dried, and the obtained nanopowders (20 mg) were used for measurements

• -carnosine and ʟ-car-AgNPs and 100 s for ʟ-carnosine in aqueous solution. DFT calculations Theoretical insights into the FTIR and Raman measurements were obtained through molecular structure optimization of ʟ-carnosine, its anionic form, and probable ʟ-carnosine–(Ag)4 complexes. The structure optimization

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• spectroscopy, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the cuticle to elucidate its unique optical properties. SEM imaging provided a detailed surface morphology, while TEM provided insights into the internal structure. CLSM showed that the cuticle exhibits no autofluorescence. Our findings reveal a highly

• underneath the epicuticle, stacked on top of each other and interconnected by columns. This kind of structure can also be found in another wasp, the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) [20][21][22], however, it does not result in ultrablack colors. The structures of T. bifurca may act as

• suggests that this layered structure contributes to the overall antireflective properties of the cuticle by increasing the effective surface area available for light absorption [20]. Although this system in V. orientalis is coupled with xanthopterins to absorb light, the similar structure in T. bifurca is

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• a broad range of computational and data-driven methodologies for the exposure, hazard, and risk assessment of NMs, such as quantitative structure–activity relationship models adapted to the specificities of NMs (nanoQSAR) and grouping/read-across models, specifically developed to accurately predict

• generally more toxic than negatively charged particles of similar composition [28][29][30]. In fact, several in silico models for the ZP have been developed based on different theoretical and experimental descriptors employing a range of approaches, that is, quantitative structure–property/feature

• orbital per metal atom of 15 metal oxide NPs. Toropov et al. [31] developed, for a set of 15 metal and metal oxide NPs, a QFPR model considering both the NPs’ molecular structure and the experimental conditions, encoded in quasi-SMILES. Furthermore, research has explored the computational assessment of

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• mixture of CuBTC and FeBTC to modify carbon paste electrodes for the determination of enrofloxacin. The characterization and properties of the fabricated electrode, including molecular structure, morphology, and electrochemical characteristics, were thoroughly investigated using various analytical

• °, 19.10°, 20.12°, 24.07°, and 27.82°, which are associated with the crystalline structure of FeBTC (CCDC card No. 640536). The CuBTC sample exhibits reflection peaks at 2θ values of 6.77° (200), 9.65° (220), 11.73° (222), 13.57° (400), 14.76° (331), 15.24° (420), 16.6° (422), 17.56° (500), 19.16° (440

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• materials research by extracting valuable patterns and correlations from vast amounts of experimental and computational data [6][7][8][9]. These approaches enable researchers to uncover hidden relationships between composition, structure, morphology, processing, and properties, accelerating the discovery of

• unprecedented resolutions [11][12][13]. This aids in the understanding of fundamental properties and the identification of structure–property relationships. The integration of digital technologies with experimental techniques also enables real-time monitoring and control of materials synthesis processes

• of a broad range of advanced digital technologies (Figure 1). One significant area where these technologies can have a profound impact is in the design and development of advanced nanomaterials [15][16], where the relationship between structure and morphology at different scales, processing, and

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and chitosan (CHS), provides structural integrity, controlled release properties, and protection against premature degradation [14][15]. This hybrid structure improves the encapsulation efficiency of phytochemicals/drugs

• , phospholipids help to form a carrier-like structure, which is an integral part of the system. In addition, the modification of lipoidal layers with a PEG chain provides flexibility to the nanocarrier. The ratio of the polymer and lipid can easily be adjusted to modulate the physicochemical characteristics of

• modification of PLHNPs begins with the preparation of the nanoparticles themselves. PLHNPs are typically synthesized using techniques such as solvent evaporation, nanoprecipitation, double emulsion, or solvent injection, resulting in the formation of nanoparticles with a lipid–polymer hybrid structure [60

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• or amorphization in metallic/ceramic nanoparticles, leading to changes in the crystal structure? Is it feasible to establish a fundamental basis to explain the behavior of materials under irradiation? Most nuclear materials have not been tested beyond an irradiation dose of 200 displacements per atom

• literature review reveals that the stability of materials under irradiation is influenced by numerous factors. Some of these characteristic factors include the elemental composition and chemical structure, the microstructure of the material (including grain boundaries, defects, dislocations, and interfaces

• ), the dose and energy of the radiation source, different types of radiation, environmental conditions, the purity and homogeneity of the material, and the crystal structure and phase stability. Let us briefly consider these publications and highlight characteristic factors to facilitate understanding

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• al. found a shift from an indirect bandgap to a direct bandgap in arsenene under uniaxial strain along the zig-zag direction [37]. Mohan et al. employed DFT to study the effect of strain on the electrical band structure of a silicene monolayer and found a bandgap (335 meV) opening in silicene at 4

• parameters, buckling heights, and electronic bandgap values of all strained structures in Table 2. Positive strain We applied positive strain toward deliberate expansion of the structure, particularly focusing on the lattice plane, varying its value from 1% to 17% (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1

• structural and electronic properties of ψ-graphene (Table 2). We show structure geometries, PDOS, and EBS of different negatively strained structures in Supporting Information File 1, Figures S1, S4, and S5, respectively. Our investigation reveals that, on progressively increasing the magnitude of applied

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• and hybrid devices with combined functionalities [16]. We focus on the DBR structure out of lithium niobate. To achieve PhC effects, one of the ways is creating alternating layers of LN and another material with a contrasting refractive index. We chose TiO2 and SiO2 as it has a considerable difference

• interface engineering are crucial for success [25][26][27]. The primary motivation for choosing lithium niobate is to utilize materials whose optical properties are sensitive to one or more externally controllable factors, such as electric or magnetic fields, enabling the manipulation of the structure

• wavelength can be tuned by changing the electric field without altering the reflectance values [32]. Shuai et al. introduce a bulk acoustic resonator (BAW) comprised of a sandwich-like structure with an LN film positioned between two aluminum electrodes. In this setup, acoustic waves are generated and

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• considered a challenge because of the existence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB, Figure 1), which is composed of several cell types [7]. The BBB is a dynamic and selective interface between the systemic circulation and the brain [8]. The structure of the healthy BBB relies on the endothelial cells and the

• challenges for drug delivery. In intranasal administration, the structure of the nose allows for an anatomical option to overcome some of those barriers. Looking at N2B, one of the most significant barriers is the nasal mucosa, where the drugs can be rapidly cleared through mucociliary clearance. While it is

• developments in N2B delivery and discuss the structure of the nasal anatomy and the principles of intranasal administration, the principles of the DDSs for N2B delivery, and the N2B delivery of biopharmaceuticals. To provide a current overview on the studies conducted in this field, we focus on work published