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Search for "surface defects" in Full Text gives 97 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

  • Changqiang Yu,
  • Min Wen,
  • Zhen Tong,
  • Shuhua Li,
  • Yanhong Yin,
  • Xianbin Liu,
  • Yesheng Li,
  • Tongxiang Liang,
  • Ziping Wu and
  • Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

Graphical Abstract
  • -type CuO semiconductor is ≈1.2 eV [6]. The application of CuO covers the fields of photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants [7], photocatalytic reduction of CO2 [8][9], photocatalytic splitting of water [10], etc. Nanoscale CuO has been widely studied owing to its increased surface defects
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Published 02 Mar 2020

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

  • Xiaomei Zeng,
  • Vasiliy Pelenovich,
  • Bin Xing,
  • Rakhim Rakhimov,
  • Wenbin Zuo,
  • Alexander Tolstogouzov,
  • Chuansheng Liu,
  • Dejun Fu and
  • Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

Graphical Abstract
  • local defects of the flat surface (initially existing or created by the irradiation) initiate the formation of ripple trains [8][25]. If a nanorod is exposed to the irradiation, then the edges between the side facets and the ends can play the role of such surface defects. Our experiment does confirm the
  • role of boundary surface defects in ripple formation. In Figure 6c one can see the formation of two to three ordered nanoripples oriented parallel to the end edge. A similar mechanism influences the ripple formation at higher energy and fluences, i.e., when the ripple wavelength becomes larger (Figure
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Published 24 Feb 2020

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

  • Chen Du,
  • Shuo Wang,
  • Xu Miao,
  • Wenhai Sun,
  • Yu Zhu,
  • Chengyan Wang and
  • Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

Graphical Abstract
  • slight decline in the FWHM of the final product, which indicates a reduction in surface defects. The J–V curves of the films with optimal amount of PVP additive and without PVP additive are shown in Figure 8a. The preparation of a perovskite solar cell using a PVP-containing aqueous lead nitrate
  • PCE after as little as 400 h. The higher stability in ambient air is attributed to the lower number of surface defects [38]. Conclusion The photovoltaic performance of PSCs with an aqueous lead nitrate solution as the precursor was enhanced through the addition of PVP. The PVP additive influenced the
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Published 05 Dec 2019

The role of Ag+, Ca2+, Pb2+ and Al3+ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

  • Stefania D. Iancu,
  • Andrei Stefancu,
  • Vlad Moisoiu,
  • Loredana F. Leopold and
  • Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

Graphical Abstract
  • surface of the cit-AgNPs such as surface defects and kinks [36][37] and will increase the number of available positively charged adsorption sites for anionic analytes. As highlighted by Attard, the polarizability of the adion will influence greatly its surface activity [35]. This explains why cations with
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Published 27 Nov 2019

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

  • Alberto Boretti,
  • Lorenzo Rosa,
  • Jonathan Blackledge and
  • Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

Graphical Abstract
  • the oxygen molecule absorption edge and can selectively remove the ND surface defects. A decrease in the FWHM of the ODMR spectra close to 15% and an increase in the T2 time of almost 25% are observed, with a maximum T2 of 2 µs. This technique is quite simple and produces better magnetic imaging
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Published 04 Nov 2019

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO2

  • Xiao-Yu Sun,
  • Xian Zhang,
  • Xiao Sun,
  • Ni-Xian Qian,
  • Min Wang and
  • Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

Graphical Abstract
  • . The steep absorption edge near 380 nm originates from the intrinsic absorption of TiO2, i.e., the absorption results from the transition of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. The undoped 2-S0 sample exhibits a "tail-like" absorption between 400 and 500 nm, possibly due to surface
  • defects such as oxygen vacancies. The absorption spectrum of the 2-S0.5 sample shows a peak at 460 nm. The visible-light absorption of the samples with RS/Ti ≥ 1, where S2− replaces O2− and S6+ replaces Ti4+, is caused by cooperative effects of the oxygen vacancies and the substituted S elements. The
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Published 01 Nov 2019

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

  • Machiko Takigami,
  • Rieko Kobayashi,
  • Takafumi Ishii,
  • Yasuo Imashiro and
  • Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

Graphical Abstract
  • . Controlling carbonization by metal catalysts such as iron or cobalt produces nanoshell-containing carbon (NSCC) with ORR activity [30][31][32][33][34][35]. This activity is thought to originate from surface defects formed on the nanoshell carbons, including edges and warped graphitic layers (WGLs) [31][36
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Published 12 Jul 2019

Nanoscale spatial mapping of mechanical properties through dynamic atomic force microscopy

  • Zahra Abooalizadeh,
  • Leszek Josef Sudak and
  • Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1332–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.132

Graphical Abstract
  • spatially resolve mechanical property variations resulting from atomic-scale surface defects on the HOPG crystal. In this manuscript, we will elaborate the advantages of these specific settings and the importance of the outcome. The surfaces are examined under UHV conditions to exclude environmental
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Published 03 Jul 2019

CuInSe2 quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO2 surfaces

  • Henrique Limborço,
  • Pedro M.P. Salomé,
  • Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
  • Jennifer P. Teixeira,
  • Nicoleta Nicoara,
  • Kamal Abderrafi,
  • Joaquim P. Leitão,
  • Juan C. Gonzalez and
  • Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

Graphical Abstract
  • influence of the CdS layer on the measured luminescence, a PL spectrum of a CdS layer deposited on glass covered with a Mo layer, measured under the same experimental conditions, is also shown in Figure 4b. No significant luminescence related with the CdS layer was observed. Intrinsic defects and surface
  • defects are important sources of radiative and non-radiative recombination affecting the optoelectronic properties of CIS quantum dots (QDs), such as photo-generated carrier lifetime and photoluminescence [15]. We ascribe the increase in the photoluminescence related to the nanodots to the passivation of
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Published 22 May 2019

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

  • Tzuriel Levin,
  • Hagit Sade,
  • Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
  • Maayan Pour,
  • Iftach Nachman and
  • Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

Graphical Abstract
  • magnetite nanoparticles into γ-maghemite (mag) nanoparticles. The cerium ion attaches to the nanoparticle, producing surface defects (an Fe–O–[CeLn] bond is formed). The cerium-doped maghemite nanoparticles are more stable than the non-doped ones, which tend to aggregate. In addition to the stabilization
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Published 02 Apr 2019

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO2 nanorods

  • Julian Kalb,
  • Vanessa Knittel and
  • Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

Graphical Abstract
  • atomic force microscope (AFM), was pulled across an anatase film. During this process, surface defects are created as well as dust that contains tiny anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. Due to the lattice mismatch between anatase and rutile, in general, rutile nanorods do not grow on anatase crystal facets. The
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Published 08 Feb 2019

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO2 nanostructures of various morphologies

  • Venkataramana Bonu,
  • Binaya Kumar Sahu,
  • Arindam Das,
  • Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
  • Sandip Dhara and
  • Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

Graphical Abstract
  • understanding of the surface defects and role of morphology in 1D SnO2 nanowires can help to better utilize these nanostructures more efficiently. For this purpose, three different nanowires (NWs), namely belts, cylindrical- and square-shaped structures were grown using SnO2 quantum dots as a precursor material
  • novel route to manipulation of surface defects for the first time for waveguides. This result demonstrates a leap forward for the utility of SnO2 NWs in optoelectronics applications. Square- and cylindrical-shaped NWs were found to have a high number of in-plane oxygen vacancies in comparison to the
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Published 07 Feb 2019

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

  • Siyi Hu,
  • Yu Ren,
  • Yue Wang,
  • Jinhua Li,
  • Junle Qu,
  • Liwei Liu,
  • Hanbin Ma and
  • Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

Graphical Abstract
  • emission. This greater lifetime resulted from the trapping states caused by surface defects located within the bandgap, which led to a rise of nonradioactive recombination. When the GNRs were doped with CdSe/ZnS QDs, more radiative and nonradioactive processes occurred at the particle surface, which
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Published 03 Jan 2019

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

  • Philip D. Prewett,
  • Cornelis W. Hagen,
  • Claudia Lenk,
  • Steve Lenk,
  • Marcus Kaestner,
  • Tzvetan Ivanov,
  • Ahmad Ahmad,
  • Ivo W. Rangelow,
  • Xiaoqing Shi,
  • Stuart A. Boden,
  • Alex P. G. Robinson,
  • Dongxu Yang,
  • Sangeetha Hari,
  • Marijke Scotuzzi and
  • Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

Graphical Abstract
  • exposure to the electron beam resulting in the formation of surface defects. They performed EBIE of ultra nanocrystalline diamond as well as numerical simulations to study this effect and demonstrated that the rate is limited by the number of active sites available for etching. In the field of sub-10 nm
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Published 14 Nov 2018

Disorder in H+-irradiated HOPG: effect of impinging energy and dose on Raman D-band splitting and surface topography

  • Lisandro Venosta,
  • Noelia Bajales,
  • Sergio Suárez and
  • Paula G. Bercoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2708–2717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.253

Graphical Abstract
  • characterization showed a distribution of surface defects, which were ascribed to the burst of hydrogen blisters formed as a consequence of the irradiation process. The results presented in this work contribute to the current trend in nanotechnology in areas devoted to the control of properties by defect
  • splitting. Magnetic measurements are also included, in order to correlate disorder coming from irradiation with changes in remanence and coercivity. Additionally, we show results of topographical characterization performed by AFM after vibrational and magnetic measurements. A high density of surface defects
  • in the size of the surface defects is noticed. On the other hand, the corresponding images for high-energy (1 MeV) irradiations (not shown), do not evidence surface defects that can be related to the irradiation process. This is possibly because the depth in which the defects are produced with high
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Published 19 Oct 2018

Silencing the second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanodimers: A comprehensive discussion

  • Jérémy Butet,
  • Gabriel D. Bernasconi and
  • Olivier J. F. Martin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2674–2683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.250

Graphical Abstract
  • equation method. Various geometries are considered, including nanoantennas with cylindrical and rectangular arms as well as nanodimers with surface defects. The existence of the silencing of the second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanogaps is first confirmed, and the problem of the origin of the
  • propagation direction of the pump wave. Influence of surface defects on the SHG SHG from centrosymmetric nanostructures is forbidden in the electric dipole approximation and one can expect that SHG would be sensitive to any centrosymmetry breaking [35][36]. As discussed in the previous sections, the
  • in the SHG from gold nanoantennas using a surface integral equation method. To investigate this phenomenon in detail, various geometries have been considered, including nanoantennas with cylindrical and rectangular arms, as well as surface defects. To quantify the “silencing” effect, a new numerical
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Published 15 Oct 2018

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

  • Marina Krasovska,
  • Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
  • Irena Mihailova,
  • Andrejs Ogurcovs,
  • Eriks Sledevskis,
  • Andrejs Gerbreders and
  • Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

Graphical Abstract
  • (0002) is smaller than the probability of etching this plane by elements remaining in solution. The role of adsorption bonds on surface defects and polar surfaces was tested using an additional morphology of adsorbent: ZnO nanoplates. This morphology was obtained by replacing HMTA with urea during the
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Published 11 Sep 2018

SERS active Ag–SiO2 nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

  • Cristina Gellini,
  • Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
  • Alfonso Pedone and
  • Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

Graphical Abstract
  • computational approach is consistent with the chemical enhancement mechanism proposed by Otto et al. [49][50], which is based on the adatom model. In this model, the interaction of ligand molecules occurs with surface defects that are constituted by one or a few metal atoms, which can be considered almost
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Published 06 Sep 2018

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

  • Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

Graphical Abstract
  • grains with a minimized grain boundary area and surface defects seems to be of much lower significance for the Sn-based HPs, than for their lead-based counterparts. We can, therefore, expect a similar photovoltaic efficiency from micro- and nanometer Sn-HP crystals and try to affect the charge carrier
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Published 21 Aug 2018

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

  • Mingyang Liu,
  • Yanjun Chen,
  • Chaoran Qin,
  • Zheng Zhang,
  • Shuai Ma,
  • Xiuru Cai,
  • Xueqian Li and
  • Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

Graphical Abstract
  • in many fields. However, during the cathodic electrodeposition, H2 bubbles may be introduced in the deposited chitosan film due to the electrochemical reactions on the cathode, which can produce surface defects that will affect applications of the deposited film. In contrast, we carried out the
  • cathodic electrodeposition of HACC-rGO with chitosan on a copper plate. It is shown in Figure 4a that a black film is deposited on the copper plate after the cathodic electrodeposition. Obviously, the film has a rough surface with many surface defects because of the H2 bubbles generated by the cathodic
  • described above, it is found that the HACC-rGO/CS film generated by the coordination deposition method has a homogeneous surface, which is beneficial to subsequent applications of the deposited film. In contrast, the cathodically deposited graphene films have a rough surface with many surface defects [20
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Published 17 Apr 2018

Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects

  • Kelvin Chung,
  • Yu H. Leung,
  • Chap H. To,
  • Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
  • Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1085–1094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.100

Graphical Abstract
  • , rutile and brookite [34]. Defects can be introduced during fabrication or are intrinsic to the crystallographic structure. Extensive work on TiO2 surface defects [35] has come from the need to progress catalytic reactions. Point defects within the TiO2 include interstitials and vacancies [36][37][38
  • . They attributed it to the surface defects without an assignment of chemical origin. Count traces and histograms shown in Figure 6c,d reveal that the defect blinks between two distinct “off” and “on” states from 0 to 8 min and remains relatively stable between 8 and 17 min, followed by a permanent
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Published 04 Apr 2018

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

  • Maya Endo,
  • Zhishun Wei,
  • Kunlei Wang,
  • Baris Karabiyik,
  • Kenta Yoshiiri,
  • Paulina Rokicka,
  • Bunsho Ohtani,
  • Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
  • Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

Graphical Abstract
  • clusters were preferentially deposited on surface defects of the support [55]. Therefore, fine titania with a high number of defects (electron traps, ETs) induced the formation of fine and well-dispersed NMNPs on titania surface, as shown in Figure 1 (top). In contrast, titania with large crystals (low
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Published 07 Mar 2018

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO2

  • Patrycja Parnicka,
  • Paweł Mazierski,
  • Tomasz Grzyb,
  • Wojciech Lisowski,
  • Ewa Kowalska,
  • Bunsho Ohtani,
  • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
  • Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

Graphical Abstract
  • photocatalyst for the degradation of phenol and toluene under visible light. XPS analysis revealed that the photocatalyst prepared via HT method contains a three-times higher amount of hydroxy groups at the surface layer and a two-times higher amount of surface defects than that obtained by the SHT method. The
  • amount of oxygen vacancies and defects was found on the surface of the 0.25% Nd-TiO2(HT) sample. As previously mentioned, the presence of oxygen deficient centres on the surface and surface defects such as Ti3+ can reduce the rate of electron–hole pair recombination [45][46][47]. Further, the light
  • significantly higher photocatalytic activity compared to Nd-TiO2 NPs prepared via sol–hydrothermal process. The photocatalyst prepared via HT method has three times more hydroxy groups on its surface layer and a two times higher amount of surface defects than the powder obtained by SHT method. According to the
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Published 06 Feb 2018

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

  • Razieh Beigmoradi,
  • Abdolreza Samimi and
  • Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

Graphical Abstract
  • properties including the CNT surface orientation and surface defects are also important [138][139][140]. The defects can have both positive (increasing the bonding at the interface and between carbon structures [25][137][139][141]) and negative (reduction of the quality of physical properties [10][141
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Published 05 Feb 2018

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF4:Yb,Er@NaGdF4 core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

  • Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
  • Vitalijus Karabanovas,
  • Marius Stasys,
  • Greta Jarockyte,
  • Vilius Poderys,
  • Simas Sakirzanovas and
  • Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

Graphical Abstract
  • structure, where the nonactive shell protects the luminescent rare earth ions in the core from quenching caused by surface defects and organic ligands [10]. A wide variety of studies were performed to synthesize dual functional core–shell UCNPs [11][12][13]. However, it remains difficult to obtain hexagonal
  • effects of luminescence quenching from the addition of ligands and/or surface defects and therefore a significant increase in the UCL can be observed. For the core-only nanoparticles, lanthanide dopants are exposed to surface deactivations owing to the high surface-to-volume ratio at the nanometer
  • lanthanide dopants from being quenched, and also negate the influence of surface defects. The results correlate well with what is presented in the literature. Yi et al. reported that the UC emissions of hexagonal phase NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ were enhanced by as much as seven times by growth of a 2 nm layer of NaYF4
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Published 01 Sep 2017
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