Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• have advantages over other NPs, such as controlled and sustained release, enhanced solubility and biocompatibility [30][31][32]. Within the wide variety of existing nanomaterials with antibacterial properties, photothermally active nanoparticles, with absorption in the visible–near-infrared (NIR

• nanoparticles exhibiting efficient photothermal properties have demonstrated promising results in the field of NIR-triggered bacterial eradication. An important advantage is that such nanoparticles are usually made from materials that are less expensive than gold and, in some cases, the time-sustained release

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• diversity of crops and cultivation environments, it is necessary to seek more efficient modes of application, which lead to a homogeneous distribution and promote a sustained release according to the plants demand. Seed coating, using films containing a biodegradable polymer and auxins intercalated into

• applied to plantations in higher doses than recommended. These high doses can cause environmental problems such as contamination of soil, water, plants, and animals. The intercalation of agrochemicals in LDHs can generate a sustained release of the organic compounds, reducing the number of applications

• germinated seeds are reduced [13][30]. Thus, the data shown in Figure 5 are satisfactory, as they prove a sustained release of the intercalated NAA, with the best results obtained for the seeds covered with the M4 film. The highest germination speed index (GSI) value obtained among all treatments was that

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• the brain by local delivery. Local delivery consists of directly delivering the drug to the brain by injection via a catheter or with the help of a convection-enhanced delivery system. Biodegradable polymer implants can also be used for sustained release of the drug [9][10]. These procedures require

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• incorporation into the lipophilic PLGA nanoparticle matrix. This explanation is consistent with data showing that PLGA nanoparticle degradation is unlikely to occur in a 24 h timeframe [50][52]. More sustained release patterns have been shown to be achievable by alternative nanoparticle approaches based on PLGA

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• between cells treated with free drugs and their corresponding phytosomes. The results indicated that phytosomes could be an ideal drug delivery system for Di and its derivatives to obtain sustained release without affecting drug activity. In vitro anticancer mechanisms of P2P Cell cycle and cell apoptosis

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• , and sustained release properties. Furthermore, approval by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency turned PLGA into a promising candidate as carrier material for NPs in future clinical applications [2]. However, despite intensive preclinical and clinical research only a

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• the acidic microenvironment [25]. In our study, we demonstrated a biphasic release of 5-FU from CaP@5-FU NPs with the characteristic initial burst release followed by slow and sustained release [27]. Within 12 hours, only 36% drug release in physiological pH was shown, whereas 47% was released in

• and thus the enhanced toxicity in the tumour cells. The sustained release of 5-FU from the CaP@5-FU NPs, as described in the pH-triggered release study, was found to correlate with the findings of the MTT assay. The HCT-15 cell lines showed a saturation limit of the free drug after 10 µg/mL, whereas

• . This study is the first demonstration of 5-FU encapsulation inside the core of inorganic calcium phosphate nanoparticles combined with efficient, in vitro cellular delivery. Furthermore, a sustained release profile and a high loading efficiency (64% drug loading into the nanoparticles) enabled improved

Biomimetic and biodegradable cellulose acetate scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for bone implants

• Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Veroniki Bakola,
• Foteini Pappa,
• Panagiota Gkertsiou,
• Eleni Pavlidou and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1986–1994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.189

• . Cytotoxicity studies were performed by using MTT assay, methylene-blue staining and SEM fixation and showed very good cell adhesion and proliferation, indicating the cytocompatibility of these fibrous scaffolds. Drug-release kinetics was measured for the evaluation of a controllable and sustained release of

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• the sustained release of the poorly soluble antibiotic ciprofloxacin [26]. Fluorescent hydrogels were formed from co-assembly with a dye into nanostructures of different morphology, depending on whether the dye was added initially to the peptide in the alkaline buffer solution, or later to the second

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• sustained release of the model drug epidoxorubicin as carriers of pEGFP DNA complexes. The results demonstrated that co-delivery of drug and gene could be performed and strong inhibition effects on glioblastoma can be achieved with their system [25]. Additionally, magnetic core–shell nanoparticles have been

Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improved anticancer efficacy and bioavailability of mifepristone

• Huijuan Zhang,
• Fuqiang Wu,
• Yazhen Li,
• Xiping Yang,
• Jiamei Huang,
• Tingting Lv,
• Yingying Zhang,
• Jianzhong Chen,
• Haijun Chen,
• Yu Gao,
• Guannan Liu and
• Lee Jia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1861–1870, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.178

• kinetics demonstrated that MIF was released from CNs in a sustained-release manner. Compared with free MIF, MCNs demonstrated increased anticancer activity in several cancer cell lines. Pharmacokinetic studies in male rats that were orally administered MCNs showed a 3.2-fold increase in the area under the

• the medium at designed time points and the released MIF was quantified by HPLC. The release rate of MIF from MCNs showed a sustained release profile in both buffers, and the release rate of MIF from MCNs was very fast at pH 2.5 (Figure 6). This is because MIF, with weakly basic nitrogen, is more

• likely to dissolve in acidic solution [33]. The sustained-release manner of MCNs could prolong the time of drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, which might be beneficial to enhanced bioavailability of MIF [31][34]. The sustained-release phenomenon also proved that TPP is an appropriate

Fabrication and characterization of novel multilayered structures by stereocomplexion of poly(D-lactic acid)/poly(L-lactic acid) and self-assembly of polyelectrolytes

• Elena Dellacasa,
• Li Zhao,
• Gesheng Yang,
• Laura Pastorino and
• Gleb B. Sukhorukov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 81–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.10

• for sustained release. Keywords: biocompatibility; layer-by-layer assembly; microcapsules; poly(lactic acids); stereocomplex; Introduction The polycationic/polyanionic layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition on surfaces has been widely studied since the first description by Decher et al. [1][2][3]. The

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• dimethacrylate) microspheres with a size of about 35 μm [22]. In this project, the authors used cholecalciferol as a drug model for calcitriol. They demonstrated that their cholecalciferol-loaded microspheres are biocompatible, allowed for controlled and sustained release, and increased the efficiency of the

•  2. The prepared PLGA NPs exhibited an initial rapid release, followed by a slower, sustained release. As Figure 2 shows, calcitriol released at 24 h was around 46%. This initial rapid release might be attributed to the release of the surface-adsorbed vitamin. The calcitriol entrapped in the

• Holzer et al., where it was proven that this is a well-suited cryoprotectant [31]. PLGA NPs tend to exhibit a biphasic release pattern, characterized by an initial rapid release, followed by a slower sustained release [19]. As expected, the NPs exhibited a rapid release in the first 24 h due to the

Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• exhibited favourable, slow, sustained-release characteristics as a drug carrier with a release period over more than 20 h. The results obtained from the drug release studies of LD at different pH values showed that the LD-loaded nanohybrid is pH activated. The release kinetics of LD from SWCNT–COOH were

• carbon nanotubes; levodopa; MTT assay; nanomedicine; Parkinson’s disease; PC12 cells; sustained release; Introduction Over the past few years, the revolutionary development of nanomedicine has emerged as one of the most prominent research areas in biomedical science. This interdisciplinary technology is

• carriers for proteins and pharmaceuticals to treat diseases by Bangham and Horne in the 1960s [1]. Since then, multidisciplinary researchers have been actively investigating advanced drug delivery systems by directing drugs and/or carriers with sustained release properties directly to a the specific site

Magnetic-Fe/Fe₃O₄-nanoparticle-bound SN38 as carboxylesterase-cleavable prodrug for the delivery to tumors within monocytes/macrophages

• Hongwang Wang,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Raj K. Dani,
• Gwi-Moon Seo,
• Sivasai Balivada,
• Marla M. Pyle,
• Heidy Prock,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Ping Li,
• Viktor Chikan,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 444–455, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.51

• ][22][23][24][25][26]. SN38-loaded polymeric micelles (NK012) have been used in preclinical and clinical studies against various types of cancer. Specific accumulation of this formulation to the tumor site by the EPR effect (enhanced permeation and retention), and sustained release of SN38 in tumor