Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• dilution of the solution. Figure 15 shows the results of particle size analysis for the intercalation solution using the laser beam dynamic scattering method (analyzer Zetasizer Nano ZS «Malvern Instruments Ltd», He–Ne laser with a wavelength of 633 nm and a recording angle of 173°). The particle size

Dynamic behavior of a nematic liquid crystal with added carbon nanotubes in an electric field

• Emil Petrescu and
• Cristina Cirtoaje

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 233–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.25

• applied field, deviating by an angle θ from their initial direction (Figure 1). This deviation reaches its maximum value (θm) after a time period called the relaxation time. Consequently, the refractive index of the cell is also changing: where no and ne are the ordinary and extraordinary refractive

• were slowly cooled down to 29 °C in a holder placed inside a Mettler Toledo stage. The terminals of the holder were connected to a HIOKI RLC power source from which a 10 kHz ac voltage was applied. A 632.8 He–Ne laser sent a beam through the sample placed between two crossed polarizers (Figure 5). A

Electrical properties of a liquid crystal dispersed in an electrospun cellulose acetate network

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Octavian Danila,
• Pedro L. Almeida and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 155–163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.18

• . A He–Ne laser beam (wavelength 623.8 nm) passes through the sample, which is modulated by an ac voltage provided by a function generator–amplifier system. The laser beam is detected by a high-speed photodiode with adjustable gain (Thorlabs). The electrical signal generated by the photodiode was

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• Bruker D8 Advance device with a graphite monochromatized Cu Kα radiation source (λ = 1.54056 Å). XRD diagrams were recorded from 10° to 60° with a step size of 0.02° at 3° min−1. Raman measurements were performed with a Renishaw RM1000 confocal microscope and a He–Ne laser (633 nm, 10 mW). The laser beam

Nematic liquid crystal alignment on subwavelength metal gratings

• Irina V. Kasyanova,
• Artur R. Geivandov,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Maxim V. Gorkunov and
• Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 42–47, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.6

• plates was insured with teflon spacers and was measured to be 5.7 ± 0.5 μm. The cell is filled with Merck E7 LC material (no = 1.527, ne = 1.751 at a wavelength of 546 nm and temperature T = 25.0 °C [11]). Results and Discussion We performed visual observations of the cell under polarized light. In

• transverse magnetic (TM) modes are due to the optical anisotropy of the LC: the TM mode is polarized along the grating wavevector (and across the slits), thus, it deals with the ordinary refractive index, no, whereas the orthogonal TE mode interacts with the extraordinary refractive index, ne. Based on the

• = 5.1 ± 0.05 μm. The inaccuracy is defined by spectral dispersion of the ordinary refractive index. Then the effective extraordinary index can be found from the TE spectrum maximum: ne = LTE/2dlocal = 1.73 ± 0.01. Given the inaccuracy, the found value of the effective extraordinary index is very close

Study of the vertically aligned in-plane switching liquid crystal mode in microscale periodic electric fields

• Artur R. Geivandov,
• Mikhail I. Barnik,
• Irina V. Kasyanova and
• Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 11–19, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.2

• -coated onto the inner substrates surfaces and baked at 90 °C for 30 min. The LC cells were filled at room temperature using the following LC mixtures: 1) Merck E7 LC material (ne = 1.7462, Δn = 0.2246 at λ = 589 nm, 20 °C; ε|| = 19.0 (at f = 1 kHz), Δε = +13.8, γ = 0.19 Pa·s at 20 °C, K1 = 11.1 pN, K2

• = 9.0 pN, K3 = 17.1 pN) [12], and 2) Merck ZLI1957/5 LC material (ne = 1.6240, Δn = 0.1213 at λ = 589 nm, 20 °C; ε|| = 8.0 (at f = 1 kHz), Δε = +4.5, γ = 0.105 Pa·s at 20 °C, K1 =14 pN, K2 = 7 pN, K3 = 16 pN) [13]. Electrooptical measurements were performed under a polarizing microscope Olympus CX31PF

Electro-optical characteristics of a liquid crystal cell with graphene electrodes

• Nune H. Hakobyan,
• Hakob L. Margaryan,
• Valeri K. Abrahamyan,
• Vladimir M. Aroutiounian,
• Arpi S. Dilanchian Gharghani,
• Amalya B. Kostanyan,
• Timothy D. Wilkinson and
• Nelson Tabirian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2802–2806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.279

• of a photodetector. When the He–Ne laser beam (632 nm) propagates through the LC cell placed between crossed polarizers (so that the direction of the polarization of the incident beam makes a 45° angle with the LC director), then the influence of an external electric field allows typical oscillations

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• '-n-hexylcyclohexyl)isothiocyanatobenzene (6CHBT) LC, which has the following parameters at room temperature: ne = 1.67, no = 1.52, Δn = 0.15 and Δε = 8.0. The other parameters of this material can be found in [19]. Before infiltration into the structure, the NP-doped LC was sonicated and heated above

Hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT) as an improved approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): Technical description, experimental validation and first proof of concept

• Daniel Göhler,
• Stephan Große,
• Alexander Bellendorf,
• Thomas Albert Falkenstein,
• Mehdi Ouaissi,
• Jürgen Zieren,
• Michael Stintz and
• Urs Giger-Pabst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2729–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.272

• closed air waste system (CAWS). Experimental Granulometric analyses (ex vivo) Laser diffraction spectrometry (LDS) Laser diffraction spectrometry (LDS) by means of a He–Ne laser diffraction spectrometer [16] according to ISO 13320:2009 [17] (HELOS/KR-H2487, Sympatec GmbH, Germany) was performed to

Dynamic behavior of a nematic liquid crystal mixed with CoFe₂O₄ ferromagnetic nanoparticles in a magnetic field

• Emil Petrescu,
• Cristina Cirtoaje and
• Cristina Stan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2467–2473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.246

• changes its orientation with an angle θ, we get (with the extraordinary refractive index ne): When we get: From Equation 2 and Equation 4 we obtain, using a small angles approximation: When the magnetic field is applied, the LC molecules change their orientation because of several factors: the

• of the dynamic behavior of the nematic liquid crystal mixture is presented in Figure 3. An electromagnet with a maximum field strength of 1 T is used. Two crossed polarizers are placed outside the electromagnet and a 632.8 nm He–Ne laser is used for sample analysis. The emergent laser beam is

Increasing the stability of DNA nanostructure templates by atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃ and its application in imprinting lithography

• Hyojeong Kim,
• Kristin Arbutina,
• Anqin Xu and
• Haitao Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2363–2375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.236

• -Spectroscopic Ellipsometer with Complete Ease Software using Cauchy model (JA Woollam Co., Lincoln, NE, USA). Duration time was “Standard” and the measurement angle was 70°. For each sample, the average thickness of the Al2O3 layer was obtained by measuring the thickness with MSE values below 5 at five

Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2296–2306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.229

• homogeneous staining as described by Carlsson et al. [42]. Approximately 200 µL of the YOYO–DNA solution was injected into the microfluidic channel using a syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems Inc., model NE-1000) at 0.40 mL/min. YOYO–DNA adhered to the surface of the amine-modified glass through electrostatic

Preparation and characterization of polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

• Claudio Larosa,
• Niranjan Patra,
• Marco Salerno,
• Lara Mikac,
• Remo Merijs Meri and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2026–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.203

• normalized thereafter. Raman spectra were acquired with an inVia micro-Raman spectrometer by Renishaw, Gloucester, UK using a He–Ne laser excitation source emitting at a wavelength of 632.8 nm with a 20× objective. The data acquisition time was 30 s. The slit provided a spectral resolution of 1 cm−1

Evaluation of preparation methods for suspended nano-objects on substrates for dimensional measurements by atomic force microscopy

• Petra Fiala,
• Daniel Göhler,
• Benno Wessely,
• Michael Stintz,
• Giovanni Mattia Lazzerini and
• Andrew Yacoot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1774–1785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.179

• transducer (PZT) while operating in closed loop [10]. The optical interferometer used for measuring the z-displacement is the National Physical Laboratory’s (NPL) Plane Mirror Differential Optical Interferometer (PMDOI) [11], a homodyne differential interferometer, fibre-fed with a He-Ne frequency stabilized

• the primary route to traceability for dimensional metrology, and in this case it is realized using a frequency-stabilized He-Ne laser [12]. This results in improved accuracy and traceability over commercial AFMs [11]. The measurements were carried out using the AFM in closed-loop, non-contact mode in

Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes

• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Emmanuel Flahaut,
• Jérémy Rio,
• Christopher P. Ewels,
• Victor O. Koroteev,
• Gregory Van Lier,
• Denis V. Vyalikh and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1688–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.169

• ) approximation requires significantly less computer resources and well fits NEXAFS C K-spectra of fullerene C60, CNTs and their fluorinated derivatives [32][55][56]. Intensities of spectral lines were obtained by summing the squared coefficients at Ne 2p orbitals and broadened with Lorentzian functions of a

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

• Antonín Brož,
• Lucie Bačáková,
• Pavla Štenclová,
• Alexander Kromka and
• Štěpán Potocký

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1649–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.165

• diamond nanoparticles The size of the ND particles and their zeta potential was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements in water at 25 °C using a Nano-ZetaSizer (Malvern, UK) equipped with an He-Ne laser. A separate disposable folded capillary cell was used for each set of ND

Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane

• Nicholas D. Cultrara,
• Maxx Q. Arguilla,
• Shishi Jiang,
• Chuanchuan Sun,
• Michael R. Scudder,
• R. Dominic Ross and
• Joshua E. Goldberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.164

• Bruker D8 powder X-ray diffractometer. XRD was performed using with finely ground powders packed in capillaries. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm vibrational modes using a Renishaw InVia Raman equipped with a CCD detector exciting with a 633 nm He–Ne laser. The relative elemental composition was

Surface functionalization of 3D-printed plastics via initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Christine Cheng and
• Malancha Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1629–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.162

• ) array held at 31 mm above the substrates was resistively heated to 250 °C, unless otherwise stated, to thermally cleave the peroxide bond of the initiator. The deposition rate was monitored in situ via interferometry on a reference silicon wafer using a He–Ne laser (Industrial Fiber Optics, 633 nm). For

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• via electrospinning using a mixture of PAN (10% w/v) and a given amount of GO (at different weight-to-volume percentages) in DMF. The solutions were poured into a 2 mL syringe and delivered at a constant flow rate of 1.0 mL/h (New era, NE-300) to a needle with a blunt tip connected to a high-voltage

A nanocomplex of C₆₀ fullerene with cisplatin: design, characterization and toxicity

• Svitlana Prylutska,
• Svitlana Politenkova,
• Kateryna Afanasieva,
• Volodymyr Korolovych,
• Kateryna Bogutska,
• Andriy Sivolob,
• Larysa Skivka,
• Maxim Evstigneev,
• Viktor Kostjukov,
• Yuriy Prylutskyy and
• Uwe Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1494–1501, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.149

• of the hydrodynamic size distribution was performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) on a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Ins. Ltd) with upload of multiple narrow modes (high resolution) at room temperature. The instrument is equipped with a He–Ne gas laser (max. output power 5 mW) operating at a

Relationships between chemical structure, mechanical properties and materials processing in nanopatterned organosilicate fins

• Gheorghe Stan,
• Richard S. Gates,
• Qichi Hu,
• Kevin Kjoller,
• Craig Prater,
• Kanwal Jit Singh,
• Ebony Mays and
• Sean W. King

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 863–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.88

• , Intel Corporation, Hillsboro OR 97124, USA Logic Technology Development, Intel Corporation, 5200 NE Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro OR 97124, USA 10.3762/bjnano.8.88 Abstract The exploitation of nanoscale size effects to create new nanostructured materials necessitates the development of an understanding

Liquid permeation and chemical stability of anodic alumina membranes

• Dmitrii I. Petukhov,
• Dmitrii A. Buldakov,
• Alexey A. Tishkin,
• Alexey V. Lukashin and
• Andrei A. Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 561–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.60

• matrix using a Zeiss Libra 200 FX instrument. Raman spectroscopy studies were carried out on a Renishaw InVia spectrometer using He–Ne laser excitation (633 nm). 27Al NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AVANCE II 400WB spectrometer at 104.3 MHz, using 0.7 ms (15°) pulses and 0.5 s recycle delays with

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• diffusion (GB) [35], and the diffusion in GNS Fe (NE-GB) [31] were also included. Figure reproduced with permission from [32], copyright 2005 Elsevier. (a) A schematic illustration of the gradient microstructure of grain size and interface in the GNS surface layer of a SMAT Cu sample, and (b) variation in

Nanocrystalline TiO₂/SnO₂ heterostructures for gas sensing

• Barbara Lyson-Sypien,
• Anna Kusior,
• Mieczylaw Rekas,
• Jan Zukrowski,
• Marta Gajewska,
• Katarzyna Michalow-Mauke,
• Thomas Graule,
• Marta Radecka and
• Katarzyna Zakrzewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 108–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.12

• interaction with hydrogen and can be described in detail as follows [1][37]: Applying the law of mass action to Equations 5–7 yields: where ne denotes the concentration of electrons, and K1, K2, K3 are the equilibrium constants of the reactions described by Equations 5–7. The concentration of adsorbed oxygen

• electrical resistivity reduces to ρ = 1/(e·μe·ne) for n-type semiconductors, the 1/R(pH2) dependence assumes the same form as ne(pH2) does (Equations 8–10). Thus, n = 1/2, 1 or 2 are theoretically predicted for different oxygen species preadsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor. In the case of formation

Graphene–polymer coating for the realization of strain sensors

• Carmela Bonavolontà,
• Carla Aramo,
• Massimo Valentino,
• Giampiero Pepe,
• Sergio De Nicola,
• Gianfranco Carotenuto,
• Angela Longo,
• Mariano Palomba,
• Simone Boccardi and
• Carosena Meola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 21–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.3

• , equipped with a liquid nitrogen-cooled charge-coupled detector. The grating with 1800 grooves/mm allows for a final spectral resolution of 4 cm−1. The spectra were recorded in air at room temperature using a 17 mW He–Ne (λ = 632.8 nm) laser source. The laser light was focused to a 10 μm spot size on the