A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• reach 700 million cases by 2045 [1]. The main causes of DM are related to a deficit in insulin production due to a loss of pancreatic β-cell function (type-1 DM) [1], or due to insulin resistance and a partial deficit in the secretion of this hormone by pancreatic β-cells (type-2 DM). Various therapies

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• given the same molecular and electron flux. However, for the pillar, the surface diffusion contribution of adsorbates is lower as the diffusing molecules need to travel a longer distance from the surface to reach the irradiated area. Also, molecules are lost because of thermal decomposition that is

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• efficiency of Au nanoparticle synthesis using LRL by about five times. By applying these results to the current synthesis system (20 mg/h), the synthesis efficiency can reach 100 mg/h. We also investigated the optimal concentration of IPA as a radical scavenger. Figure 3 shows the reaction finishing time of

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• can be concluded that the presence of Eudragit polymer on the alginate nanoparticles as a coating is beneficial, particularly at neutral pH because after the nanoparticles reach the mucus and start diffusing, the coating would protect and slow down the otherwise much faster release of the drug to the

• . Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems eventually lead to an increased amount of drug at the mucosa. However, these nanocarriers might also be trapped in the mucus layer and get washed away with mucus turnover. The ability to penetrate through the mucus layer and to reach the underlying epithelium are therefore

• nanoparticles, leading to immobilization of the carriers [64]. It should also be noted that the mucus layer through which the nanoparticles must diffuse to reach to the underlying gelatin layer (where the fluorescence measurements were taken from) is approximately 7 mm thick. The mean mucus thickness in stomach

Vortex lattices of layered HTSCs at different vortex–vortex interaction potentials

• Valerii P. Lenkov,
• Anastasia N. Maksimova,
• Anna N. Moroz and
• Vladimir A. Kashurnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 362–370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.27

• . As further calculations show, this leads to the formation of clusters, the number of vortices in which can reach 100. The shape of the potential from Equation 3 depends significantly on the value of the magnetic susceptibility of the superconductor, χ0. With an increase in χ0, the depth of the

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• reach the retina (the size of the ICG NPs should be greater than 100 nm). Therefore, in subsequent studies, two types of ICG NPs were synthesized using lipids and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) [53]. Size, surface charge, and ICG concentration of the NPs were modulated by varying the synthesis

Probing the potential of rare earth elements in the development of new anticancer drugs: single molecule studies

• Josiane A. D. Batista,
• Rayane M. de Oliveira,
• Carlos H. M. Lima,
• Milton L. Lana Júnior,
• Virgílio C. dos Anjos,
• Maria J. V. Bell and
• Márcio S. Rocha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 187–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.15

• interdisciplinary research to find, produce, and test drug candidates until they can reach the market [1][2]. Cancer chemotherapy, for instance, is a type of treatment that deserves improvements not only in the efficacy of the drugs employed to kill tumor cells, but also in reducing the occurrence of the well-known

• side effects related to these therapies. Actually, both aspects depend on the development of new drugs and/or drug carriers that can improve the selectivity of these anticancer agents to reach their specific targets inside tumor cells [3][4][5]. Although commonly used in a number of technological

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• scientific CO2 capture community as the field has matured and the demand for scalable solutions has increased [97][98][99][100][101][102]. Asymmetric MOF-based MMMs can reach a MMM layer thickness below 1 µm due to a thick non-selective structural support layer [24], see Figure 4c. Hollow fiber MMMs (HFMMMs

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• degenerative diseases [23][24]. 3 NC accumulation in macrophages: a challenge for drug delivery To exert their therapeutic effects, NCs must efficiently reach and accumulate in the target tissues. However, numerous biological barriers hinder this process, which vary depending on the administration route, as

• to protect their cargo, promote extravasation, and reach the target tissue effectively. Fluid forces can strip NCs of their surface coatings, reducing their ability to adhere to vessel walls, an essential step for extravasation into the parenchyma of target tissues. Particles larger than 200 nm and

Precursor sticking coefficient determination from indented deposits fabricated by electron beam induced deposition

• Alexander Kuprava and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 35–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.4

• the strand and the stage itself. To reach a stable temperature, the substrate was first cooled to 5 °C below the target temperature and then heated up. Profiles of the deposits were obtained using an AFM (Nanosurf EasyScan 2) with an uncertainty of ±3 nm. Conclusion The introduced method enables the

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• in PBS to reach a final volume of 5 mL (final erythrocyte concentration, 10% v/v). The resultant suspension was agitated and incubated at 37 °C for 1 h. After that, the samples were centrifuged for 10 min at 2000 rpm. The absorbance of the supernatant at 540 nm was used to calculate the amount of

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• require shorter times to reach equilibrium. Repeatability and reproducibility of the (Cu)(Fe)BTC@CPE electrode Figure 11a depicts eight successive measurements conducted in 0.20 µM ENR solution using a single electrode without renewing the electrode surface. Clearly, in the second measurement, the ENR

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• ability of phytochemicals to reach intracellular or central nervous system targets, reducing therapeutic efficacy in tissues that are difficult to access. Variability in absorption is another significant issue. The absorption of phytochemicals can be influenced by various factors, including food intake

• , meaning more of the phytochemical can reach the systemic circulation, resulting in greater therapeutic efficacy. Structurally, PLHNPs maintain their integrity through a unique hybrid architecture. They typically consist of a lipid core or shell surrounded by a polymer matrix. The lipid components

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• almost all large-molecule drugs and most small-molecule drugs. A noninvasive method, nose-to-brain delivery (N2B delivery) has been proposed to overcome this challenge. By exploiting the direct anatomical interaction between the nose and the brain, the drugs can reach the target, the brain. Moreover, the

• , most systemically administered drugs cannot reach the brain as a site of action. The BBB is reported to limit the passage of 98% of small-molecule drugs and almost all large-molecule therapeutics to the brain [15]. The high density of the intact barrier prevents an easy penetration of the barrier. The

• potential of mAbs for treating CNS diseases is limited. It is estimated that only 1 in 1000 antibodies can reach the brain with a concentration as low as 0.1% of the injected dose [138]. As an example, aducanumab can be mentioned. Although it has low BBB passage, it targets the brain amyloid plaque at high

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• 7.4, 150 mM NaCl). Plasma was then recalcified with 50 μL 25 mM CaCl2. Absorbance measurements were taken every 1 min for 60 min at 405 nm. Three separate experiments were performed for a total sample size of 18 per donor. Fibrin generation time was defined as the time to reach a 5% increase over the

• no difference between PDA–FDT–PFD and BSA or COC. Fibrin generation time was defined as the time to reach a 5% increase in OD over the baseline. PDA–FDT–PFD clotted significantly slower than glass for both donors and all runs (α = 0.05). Adherent platelets per 3520 μm2 surface area for two donors, A1

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• ), can reach 0.005 eV. Now, we estimate how the energy resolution will deteriorate with increasing TES volume, but with preservation of the square shape. For this purpose, in addition to the already calculated dimensions of sample A4, let us consider several dimensions corresponding to samples A1–A3. For

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• ingested hazardous substances or materials and plays an important role in protecting other organs. Different studies show an increased intestinal permeability after exposure to GO, enabling the material to reach adjacent organs such as the gonads [14][51][52]. Wu et al. [51] found that prolonged exposure

• of 60 × 60 × 60 Å filled with water molecules to reach a density of 1 g/cm3. In order to evaluate the effects of the GO oxidation level on the interactions with TA, we also performed MD simulations with periodic GO sheets with oxidation levels from 1 to 32%, the latter corresponding to the oxidation

• molecules to reach the density of 1 g/cm3. DFT calculations were performed using VASP [75][76]. The Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) generalized gradient approximation was used for the exchange–correlation term [77]. The kinetic energy cutoff for the plane-wave expansion was 520 eV. Furthermore, the nonlocal

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• followed by dirt particle cleaning via the running of the tibial grooming structures through mouthparts (R and L tibia cleaning) (Figure 3a–f). Head rotation up to 90° was performed to allow antenna cleaning with the contralateral or ipsilateral tibia (R ant and L ant), in order to reach the side of the

• contamination. Special attention is devoted by damselflies to their antennae. In particular, they rotate the head up to 90° to allow antenna cleaning with the contralateral or ipsilateral tibia, in order to reach the side of the antennal surface not previously cleaned with the head in horizontal position, thus

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• gaseous reactants in batch reactor was established at 5 bar, and the photocatalytic system was kept in the dark (20 min) to reach equilibrium before exposure to simulated solar light. The temperature was kept at room temperature via a cooler. Characterization The crystalline structure and morphological

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• dynamic endothelial fenestrations to reach HSCs in the perisinusoidal space or even hepatocytes [24][29]. Smaller nanocarriers (10–20 nm) can be taken up rapidly by hepatocytes [32]. Besides the size of the administered nanocarriers, surface properties also play an important role in dictating

• activated HSCs in liver fibrosis resulted in a loss of the fenestrae, hindering plasma to reach the perisinusoidal space [43]. As the disease progresses, the reduced blood flow and the blockage of portal flow through the liver could diminish the efficiency of drug delivery. Nanoencapsulation as passive

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• delivery methods that can effectively cross the blood–brain barrier are essential for delivering therapeutic agents to the brain [40]. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool in smart delivery systems. Nanoparticles can be designed to pass through biological barriers and reach specific sites in the

• digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract can break down some medications before they reach the bloodstream [45]. In addition to this, lack of selectivity can minimize their effectiveness. Also, drug absorption may be high in detoxifying organs such as liver and kidneys, causing toxicity in those

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• in 1991 [56]. CNTs can be described as single or multiple cylindrical graphite sheets rolled up in a tubular structure forming single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) or multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs). SWCNTs are characterized by diameters from 0.3 nm [57] to 1 nm [58], while the diameters of MWCNTs can reach 100 nm

• can reach 550 W·m−1·K−1 after sintering at high pressure [73]. Nevertheless, surface defects and the granular shape of the NDs represent boundaries for phonon transport reducing the thermal energy propagation [74]. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of NDs increases with the increment of