On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• nanoparticles when they are subjected to chloride-containing biological media [34]. The generation of AgCl leads, for example, to a partial passivation of the silver surface for further reactions. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to confirm the presence of chloride on the Ag SERS substrates

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• , of one hundred particles were calculated using ImageJ software. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were conducted using Thermo Scientific’s SuperX G2 and Gatans’ Enfinium ER, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) (PerkinElmer TGA7) was

• nanoceria and their fate and effects. Transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy images of NM-212 and its chemical composition determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. (A, B) TEM images, (B) is a part of (A) at higher magnification

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) elemental mappings of N, C, O, and Cl in Cl-PCN (f). AFM images and height profile of PCN (a, b) and Cl-PCN (c, d). (a) FTIR spectra and (b) XRD patterns of PCN and Cl-PCN. C 1s and N 1s XPS spectra of polymeric carbon nitride (a, b) and Cl-PCN (c, d). Structure

A stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator made of silver-coated glass microspheres for human motion energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications

• Hui Li,
• Yaju Zhang,
• Yonghui Wu,
• Hui Zhao,
• Weichao Wang,
• Xu He and
• Haiwu Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 402–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.32

• layer of silicone rubber and the middle layer of SCGMs. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image (Figure 1b) and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) measurement (Figure 1c) show that the SCGMs are evenly dispersed across the silicone rubber. Figure 1d presents the flow chart for the

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• and copper alloy ranging from 45 to 200 nm in size and with pronounced pentagonal structures were synthesized in [5] by the joint reduction of gold and copper salts. Here, elemental mapping of Cu and Au, using scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, confirms the

• the case of physical methods for producing Cu–Au nanoparticles, it seems possible to create particles with the desired chemical composition. In [3], the Cu–Au nanoparticles obtained by laser deposition on a graphite substrate were analyzed via transmission electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray

• spectroscopy (TEM-EDS). Based on the analysis of the spectra, the average of Cu content was 20 ± 1 atom % in the sample with the target composition of Au3Cu and 73 ± 3 atom % in the sample with the target composition of Cu3Au. Also, a MD modeling based on bond-order potential simulated the synthesis of SiC2

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• microscopy (HRTEM) on a JEOL JEM-2100F microscope working at 200 kV. Partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles were characterized using HRTEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS); the elemental mapping was performed on a JEOL JEM-ARM200F. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM

Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were carried out on a FEI Tecnia G2 F20 high-resolution transmission electron microscope operating at 200 kV. The surface composition of the samples was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on a ESCALAB 250Xi electron energy spectrometer using Al

Electron beam-induced deposition of platinum from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Aya Mahgoub,
• Hang Lu,
• Rachel M. Thorman,
• Konstantin Preradovic,
• Titel Jurca,
• Lisa McElwee-White,
• Howard Fairbrother and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1789–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.161

• determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and compared to the composition of deposits from MeCpPtMe3, as well as deposits made in an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) environment. A slight increase in metal content and a higher growth rate are achieved in the SEM for deposits from Pt(CO)2Cl2 compared

• -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX); focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID); nanofabrication; platinum precursors; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); Introduction Focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a direct-write nanopatterning technique. FEBID

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The optical absorption decreased and the optical energy gap of α-Ag2S increased from 1.5 to 2 eV after the CTAB surfactant was added to the Tu solution. XRD studies revealed that the synthesized Ag2S NPs were polycrystalline

Helium ion microscope – secondary ion mass spectrometry for geological materials

• Matthew R. Ball,
• Richard J. M. Taylor,
• Joshua F. Einsle,
• Fouzia Khanom,
• Christelle Guillermier and
• Richard J. Harrison

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1504–1515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.133

• /wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, as well as a best-case scenario for isotope measurements, since it has one of the largest relative mass differences between isotopes of any element. Alongside this, the practicalities of sample preparation and a discussion of further potential use cases of the HIM

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• for the combination of multiple antimicrobial agents in the same NP in order to improve their effects and overcome resistance mechanisms, such as the efflux pump systems. The absence of lipid peroxidation biomarkers and a small amount of metal ions detected by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• capture Cd(II) at the picomolar level and the verification of the experimental results using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Fabrication and Calibration of the Piezoresistive Device Previously, a polysilicon-based piezoresistive sensor was fabricated using a standard microfabrication process

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• Rigaku D/Max 2500 powder diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JSM5610LV, JEOL, Japan) was used to observed the morphology of the Ag–TiO2 NPs. The sample components were examined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• when the powdered form of this dendrimer was dissolved in water, as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The dendrimers acted simultaneously as mild reducers and as nanoreactors, favoring the self-assembly of gold atoms and promoting

• -controlled nanoparticles (triangles and associated triangles) in an unprecedented way. Characterization of gold nanoparticles by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy In order to determine the presence and location of the different elements energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis was also

Uniform Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging

• Miao Qin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Mengjie Xu,
• Hui Yan,
• Yizhu Cheng,
• Xiumei Zhang,
• Di Huang,
• Weiyi Chen and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1000–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.84

• . Characterization of nanocubes and nanoparticles A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM, JEM-2010F, Japan), operated at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV, was used to investigate the morphology and size of the nanocubes. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, Oxford, X-MaxN, UK) was used to

• (about 6.33 ± 0.09 nm) but were still monodisperse (Figure 2b,e). The change in size might have happened due to changes in the surface when the FGOA nanocubes were converted into FGDA nanocubes. In order to verify the composition and distribution of elements in the FGDA nanocubes, energy-dispersive X-ray

• spectroscopy (EDS) was performed. The EDS spectrum shows that iron, gadolinium and oxygen were the main elements present in the nanocubes. No other impurity elements can be detected except carbon element, which contributes from carbon film on copper mesh used in the EDS experiments. EDS mapping indicates that

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• structure. Figure 2c shows the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum of TNC, and we find that the elements of the array are mainly composed of C, O, and Ti. Among them, C comes from organic substrates. Figure 2d, 2e, and 2f are AFT structures with thickness of Ag deposition of 10, 20, and 40

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• annealing on the Si substrate obtained using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) are displayed in Table 1. A reduction of the oxygen content was observed after annealing. The content of metal and semiconductor materials accordingly increases. Si as substrate material shows the highest content. The

• calculate the crystallite (grain) size. Elemental composition analyses The elemental composition of as-deposited and annealed IAAI multilayer films was investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). A FESEM JEOL JSM-7600F, Japan, equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer EDS

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• . To confirm the structure of NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and elemental mappings were carried out as shown in Figure 3b and Figure 3d–h. It can be clearly seen that there are signals for C, O, Co, Ni and Mo indicating the coexistence of the Co3O4 phase and NiMoO4 phase

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• ) shows that the nanosheets possess a smooth surface and are loosely stacked. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was also measured to determine the chemical composition of rGO. Result from EDS shows (Figure 4c) that the product contains only C and O. The atomic fractions of C and O are found to be

• Mira3 field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The TEM, HRTEM images and SAED patterns were obtained on a TALOS F200S G2, 200 kV FEG, and a CMOS camera (4k × 4k). The TEM samples were prepared by suspending the samples in ethanol

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• particles are observed for the graphitized samples via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). However, we cannot fully exclude small amounts of residual iron in the graphitized catalysts below the detection limit of XPS (about 0.2 atom %) and EDX (about 0.1 wt

• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were recorded with a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Zeiss Ultra Plus) at 10 to 12 keV beam energy. For imaging, the samples were deposited on a conducting carbon film. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements were performed on

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• in the ZnFe2O4/rGO composites [17][39]. We analyzed the actual composition of the spheres by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). As shown in Figure 4, the weight percentage of carbon in the spheres of ZnFe2O4/rGO with 0.5 and 1 wt % rGO was determined as 1.17 and 1.53%, respectively. The

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• -up regions of cavities as shown in Figure 1d. Elemental analysis of the arrayed pyramidal cavities The parameters of the feeds (fx, fy) for fabricating micro/nanostructures using the method presented are shown in Table 1. Figure 3 shows SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) images of the

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• absorption coefficient, such as Sb2S3 (>105 cm−1 at 450 nm), offer semitransparency, appreciable efficiency, and long-term durability at low cost. Oxide-free throughout the Sb2S3 layer thickness, as confirmed by combined studies of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and synchrotron soft X-ray emission

• detected, which is an expected result when crystalline Sb2S3 is formed [28][46][49]. No traces of additional phases were detected by either XRD or Raman in any glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples. Chlorine, which could originate from the SbCl3 precursor, was not detected by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS, Figure S1) is described. The Silhouette coefficients calculated for IDMAP, Sammon’s mapping (SM), principal