Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• . macrophylla Jebb and Cheek, N. mirabilis (Lour.) Druce, and N. rafflesiana Jack [16][17]. The waxy (slippery) zone located inside the pitchers is highly specialized for trapping and retaining of insect prey mainly due to contamination of attachment organs of insects [16], reduction of the real contact area

• between the plant surface and insect adhesive devices [16][18], and absorption of the insect adhesive fluid [19]. Whereas the upper wax platelets are rather fragile and can be easily broken into small pieces and removed from the slippery zone thus contaminating insect attachment organs, the pitchers still

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• clusters (PNCs), transition phases, and actual second building units (SBUs) in the prenucleation and growth steps (Figure 1). Transition and attachment of these species are not only controlled by thermodynamics but also strongly depend on kinetics. The decisive factors involve diffusion, local flow, and

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• above. The main reason for using PEN needles was their greater length (4 mm) which prevents early attachment of skin to the base plate, which is a common phenomenon when testing the MNs. The force of insertion is directly proportional to the square of the MN base diameter (Equation 1). Compared to other

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• other substrates (Figure 2b and Figure 2d). Soft substrates appear to give the cells a suitable attachment site, allowing for little movement. Their behaviour exhibited a lower correlation with the cellular substrate. Our study suggests that sclerosis of the extracellular matrix enhances the growth and

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• collision, rotational or vibrational transitions, electron attachment, electronic excitation, and ionization [4][5]. Oriented molecular layers on surfaces are particularly well suited for such studies as surface analytical tools, such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), allow for detailed observations

• between neighboring aromatic molecules. The mechanisms of cross-linking are dependent on the electron energy: below the ionization potential, a two-step resonant dissociative electron attachment (DEA) has been proposed [5][60][61][62]. Based on HREELS data, Amiaud et al. proposed a resonant electron

• attachment process at ≈6 eV and suggested that the cross-linking of aromatic SAMs proceeds in a radical chain reaction [53]. Above the ionization potential, a direct electron impact ionization is believed to cause C–H cleavage and generate radicals [63]. Neumann et al. found a strong energy dependence for

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• regulating the osteogenic response of cells to surface roughness. In this regard, the fabrication of a CNT-incorporated PLGA nanocomposite has resulted in the enhanced surface roughness and increased attachment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts [129]. In vitro osteogenesis analysis also showed a

• proliferation of chondrocytes to achieve unidirectional orientation was controllable by optimizing the size and spacing of VA–MWCNT micropillars. Cell attachment, proliferation, and ECM production reportedly were enhanced by micropillars in comparison to the control groups [137]. Apart from carbon nanotubes for

• nanotubes exhibit considerable results regarding bone TE due to their ability to provide a surface with proper roughness, which facilitates osteoblast attachment and proliferation, and can provide an active site for the deposition of inorganic calcium apatite [138]. In addition to silica, titanium dioxide

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• were only changed between runs based on Taylor cone stabilization. The biases were generated from positive lead attachment to the jetting needle and ground lead attachment to the collection plate. SPNP formulations For SPNPs, the protein of interest was dissolved at 10% (w/v) in a solvent mixture of

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• testifying the predominantly amorphous nature of the deposited thin films. The microstructure of the (Ti–Cu)Ox films was further analyzed with the aid of a TECNAI G2 FEG Super-Twin (200 kV) transmission electron microscope equipped with EDS attachment. The local chemical composition of the cross section was

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• augmenting better attachment of drug molecules, and the drug release profile was extended to more than 15 days by minimizing the burst release effect [59]. Polycaprolactone is a semi-crystalline biodegradable polymer used as a drug carrier, packaging material, and 3D scaffold for bone tissue engineering

• improvement in the mechanical properties was observed after the incorporation of 5 wt of nano-TiO2 and a bone-like apatite structure was formed in simulated body fluid (SBF), which supported cell attachment and growth, showing the potential for bone TE applications [73]. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• , University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland 10.3762/bjnano.13.13 Abstract Motivated by the potential role of molybdenum in semiconductor materials, we present a combined theoretical and experimental gas-phase study on dissociative electron attachment (DEA) and dissociative ionization (DI) of Mo

• studies on W(CO)6 and we hypothesize that reductive ligand loss through electron attachment may promote metal–metal bond formation in the deposition process, leading to further ligand loss and the high metal content observed in FEBID for both these compounds. Keywords: dissociative electron attachment

• ]. In general, there are four distinct electron-induced processes that lead to molecular fragmentation [13]. These are dissociative electron attachment (DEA), dissociative ionization (DI), neutral dissociation (ND) and dipolar dissociation (DD). The processes differ distinctly in their energy dependence

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• applications [30]. All samples have lower PDI values (0.13–0.33) which indicates a uniform distribution of NPs in different dispersion media (Table 5). pH-dependent drug-loading and drug-release kinetics The UV–vis-based confirmation of drug (DOX and MTX) attachment to PMA-coated MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Zn, Ni

• ZS (Malvern Instruments, 69 UK) and the uniform size distribution by gel electrophoresis (GE BIORAD). Drug attachment and drug release analyses were performed by using UV–vis spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific Evo 220). Phase transfer, polymer coating, and purification of MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) NPs

• were incubated with optimized concentrations of EDC and drug (DOX and MTX) for 2 h at room temperature. The drug attachment to the surface of NP was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy [30]. The drugs unbound from the samples were removed by 50 KDa centrifugal filters and their concentration in the waste

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• been demonstrated to influence insect attachment [23]. Our experiments showed reduced traction forces of the model insects (female L. decemlineata, Coleoptera) on freshly unrolled and adult S. calyptrata adaxial leaf surfaces. The reduction in the traction forces of the beetles was almost 83% on the

• the point of leaf unrolling until adult leaf stages of S. calyptrata, the cuticular structure may influence the attachment and, thus, the activity of herbivores or pollinators (associated with the order, Coleoptera [45]). During young stages, however, the S. calyptrata leaves remain rolled-up, a type

• cuticular structure (ridge) development and might, thus, be of interest with regard to bioinspired applications. While the macroscale morphology of the leaves is expected to influence insect attachment during young leaf stages, the cuticular microstructuring on the leaf surfaces influences insect attachment

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• for quantum and chemical transformation of surface-adsorbed molecular systems under focused electron beam irradiation [13][14][15][16]. Within the IDMD framework various quantum processes occurring in an irradiated system (e.g., ionization, bond dissociation via electron attachment, or charge transfer

• including possible mechanisms of irradiation-induced molecular fragmentation can be found, for example, in [42]. The main mechanisms of precursor fragmentation are dissociative electron attachment (DEA) at low electron energies below the ionization potential of the molecule and dissociative ionization (DI

• conditions as well as on the value of Edep. Equation 8 permits the quantitative description of the morphological transition from separate clusters into a single structure. As shown previously [13], when isolated metal islands merge into a single nanostructure, its further growth occurs due to the attachment

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• a response to specific environmental conditions and therefore exhibit convergent traits. The functional constraints that shape systems for the attachment to a surface are general requirements. Different strategies to solve similar problems often follow similar physical principles, hence, the

• morphology of attachment devices is affected by physical constraints. This resulted in two main types of attachment devices in animals: hairy and smooth. They differ in morphology and ultrastructure but achieve mechanical adaptation to substrates with different roughness and maximise the actual contact area

• attachment systems of different animal groups reveal similar mechanisms. Consequently, similar attachment organs evolved in a convergent manner and different attachment solutions can occur within closely related lineages. In this review, we present a summary of the literature on structural and functional

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• attachment of the nanoparticles to the substrate and the glass surface of the microwave reaction vial. An accompanied rapid growth phase, resulting from the high microwave absorption capabilities of the seeds, stimulates the further reduction of the available silver ions on the seed surface. For the

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• antimicrobial activities: smaller particles are more efficient to kill bacteria than larger ones. This could be attributed to the higher surface areas that facilitate the attachment to cell membranes [8]. In addition to the different sizes and shapes that AgNPs can have, other metallic layers can be added to

• prophylactic effect) and to inhibit viral replication and budding (i.e, the therapeutic effect) [75][76][110]. In vitro studies reveal that AgNPs can act as inhibitors of viral entry by blocking viral attachment and penetration into cells [109][111][112]. They also inhibit the synthesis of viral negative

A stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator made of silver-coated glass microspheres for human motion energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications

• Hui Li,
• Yaju Zhang,
• Yonghui Wu,
• Hui Zhao,
• Weichao Wang,
• Xu He and
• Haiwu Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 402–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.32

• in a shoe. Supporting Information File 24: Video S6: Attachment to the waist. Supporting Information File 25: Video S7: Robotic sensing. Supporting Information File 26: Video S8: Human–computer interaction. Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos

Intracranial recording in patients with aphasia using nanomaterial-based flexible electronics: promises and challenges

• Qingchun Wang and
• Wai Ting Siok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 330–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.27

• µm PI layers. The bifurcated flap shape was used to achieve good penetration and attachment to the cortical surface and avoid injuring blood vessels on the brain midline (Figure 5c, left). The width of the Au lines was designed to be 100 µm to reach a low impedance value and enhance the signal-to

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• migration for many mammalian cell types [12][13]. Migrating and spreading cells form flat, actin-supported, organelle-free regions, referred to as lamellipodia, and other features that may expand their attachment area [14]. A physical coupling of adhesion molecules to the actin polymerization machinery has

• . Such loosening and the subsequent retraction of lamellipodia towards the cell body has been shown for keratinocytes [35]. Either the attachment of the lamellipodium via integrin was not successful or such processes may serve the cell to attain flexibility of structures and thereby responsiveness

• difference between SEM and SICM images is that the ruffles might be too fragile and are retracted or collapse upon critical point drying. However, especially attractive van der Waals forces might lead to the attachment of ruffles on the membrane surface and, hence, their deformation under vacuum conditions

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• attachment of bacterial parasites to the outer membranes of bacteria at high resolution in, at least compared to TEM, a relatively natural state makes HIM a very powerful tool for the investigation of living antibiotics. The work on the life cycle of the bacterial predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus by Said

• Bdellovibrio and prey, for example, Escherichia coli, and stopped the experiment by chemical fixation at specific points during incubation. This allowed for the study of the attachment of the predator to its prey, followed by penetration of the membrane, and the entering into the cytoplasm. After that, the

• prey cell is transformed into a bdelloplast, in which the predator elongates and divides. In a final step, the bdelloplast lyses and the Bdellovibrio offspring is released and ready to attack another cell. A HIM micrograph of the attachment of a Bdellovibrio to E. coli is shown in Figure 9. Again, it

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• attributed to the attachment of manganese ferrite nanoparticles outside the tubes, which is detected by a significant decrease in the σ band emission of the ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy signal. This is followed by an increase in the density of states at the Fermi level of the attached manganese

• as a result of an external attachment of MnFe2O4. The Fe 2p3/2 core level emission peak is detected at 710.4 eV, with simulated binding energy values of 710.3 and 712.0 eV (Figure 8c). The satellite peak is observed at 8.0 eV above the main peak of Fe 2p3/2, a characteristic reported for Fe3+ [43

• nanoparticles compared to free MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Upon attachment, evidence of electron transfer from MWCNTs to MnFe2O4 was observed. An increase in the hyperfine field of MnFe2O4/MWCNTs compared to free manganese ferrite nanoparticles was also detected. This can be assigned to two factors: strain from the

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• , SanJose), with 488 nm wavelength excitation and 590 nm wavelength emission, and untreated cells were used as blank. Fluorescence observation of the cellular internalization was also conducted. In brief, cells were seeded into 24-well plates, after complete attachment, fresh serum-free medium containing

• attachment and interaction of carriers and cells [39]. Moreover, the promoted binding affinity with tumor cells provided by the positively charged surface of nanotubes will lead to enhanced cellular uptake and targeted delivery of CNT carriers [39]. The intracellular co-localization results by CLSM are shown

Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements

• Mehrnoosh Damircheli and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1525–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.135

• required the attachment of masses to the cantilever to determine the spring constant. In recent years, cantilevers have provided valuable information by approximating the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of samples. The performance of microbeams is determined by various parameters such as

Helium ion microscope – secondary ion mass spectrometry for geological materials

• Matthew R. Ball,
• Richard J. M. Taylor,
• Joshua F. Einsle,
• Fouzia Khanom,
• Christelle Guillermier and
• Richard J. Harrison

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1504–1515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.133

• mass spectrometry (SIMS) attachment, the capabilities of the instrument have expanded to microanalysis of isotopes from Li up to hundreds of atomic mass units, effectively opening up the analysis of all natural and geological systems. However, the instrument has thus far been underutilised by the

• collisions with other samples if the heights and, therefore, focal distance is not constant. Sample coating Due to size constraints within the chamber, it is currently not possible to have both an electron flood gun and SIMS attachment on the same device. This is a problem for geological samples, as the vast