The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene from chromosome 22. Due to different possible breakpoints on chromosome 22, several transcripts can originate from this translocation. However, all BCR-ABL1 gene fusions described so far encode for a constitutively active BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase that promotes growth and

• nanomedicines [67]. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) promotes carcinogenesis and progression. It also acts as a co-receptor in the EGFR signaling cascade [2][68]. The expression level of CD44 is positively correlated with the wild-type EGFR level in cancer tissues. Its downregulation/inhibition

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• -coordinated tungsten site possesses a localized 5d electron pair and, thus, can be regarded as an oxygen-deficient defect site [11]. This results in a significantly increased oxygen adsorption energy of −78 kcal·mol−1 for the W3O8 cluster. During the past decades, W3O9 clusters were investigated on different

• W3O9. To stabilize and utilize different charge states of the cluster outside the gas phase, we have prepared a substrate material, which, on the one hand, offers a sufficient template effect for the self-organization of the nanoclusters and, on the other hand, exhibits a rather low electronic surface

• W3O9 clusters as the most probable explanation. Hereby, six clusters shape again a hexagonal framework, on top of which a seventh W3O9 is adsorbed (Figure 3f). The rather exact doubled height of the inner lobes (Figure 3e) indicates a physical rise of the inner cluster, although electronic effects

Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells by helium ion microscopy

• Natalie Frese,
• Patrick Schmerer,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Matthias Schürmann,
• Matthias König,
• Michael Westphal,
• Friedemann Weber,
• Holger Sudhoff and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 172–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.13

• of micrometers, which demonstrates the high depth of field of HIM compared to SEM [37]. In image 3a3, at the surface of the cell, a cluster of virus particles seems to be bound to the cell membrane (arrow). We suggest that this resembles the particle clustering by host defense protein BST-2 as it was

• presented here not only allow for the quantification of particles and clusters, but also enable an unveiled view on the interaction of virus particles with the cell membrane. The presented particle cluster seems to have a coalesced appearance, which might be caused by the virus–virus and virus–membrane

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• constant at 10 mm, OD and voltage were varied to increase substrate coverage and orientation. As seen in Figure 1c–f, complete orientation with improvable coverage has been achieved. To prevent cluster formation of the WT PM patches at higher OD, the distance between the capacitor plates was reduced to 2

• that were prepared with incubation time less than 3 min did not show any fusion. Instead, cluster formation and bending of single PM sheets were observed. An incubation time of more than 4 min results in the decomposition of the fused regions. After 5 min or more small pieces of circularly ordered PM

• no fusion but rather agglomeration is observed. Above 10 V, the patches seem to decay into smaller pieces, see Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1. A voltage of 5 V is optimal regarding the fusion results as shown in Figure 3. OD had to be low to prevent cluster formation. The number of merged

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• –Au clusters are formed with chemical compositions corresponding to the composition of the evaporated material [14]. In the case of cluster deposition onto amorphous carbon, various cluster morphologies were observed, such as cuboctahedral and decahedral. For clusters supported on a MgO substrate

• distribution of the evaporated primary fragments of the cluster due to the high ambient temperature. This interferes with the combination of the resulting clusters as a result of the high kinetic energy of the atoms, and, possibly, also of the short time of approach to the substrate. As a result, in the case

• of Cu3Au, spherical nanoparticles well separated in space were obtained with an average size of 1.9 ± 0.7 nm [3]. The maximum possible cluster size was 5.5 nm. The nanoparticles were single crystals with the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure displayed along the [110] axis and their lattice

Electron beam-induced deposition of platinum from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Aya Mahgoub,
• Hang Lu,
• Rachel M. Thorman,
• Konstantin Preradovic,
• Titel Jurca,
• Lisa McElwee-White,
• Howard Fairbrother and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1789–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.161

• , Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7200, USA Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA Department of Chemistry and the Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816-2366, USA 10.3762/bjnano.11.161 Abstract Two

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• tested using the breath media from healthy participants as a control. Cluster analysis of the testing results using the criteria we developed earlier [41] was performed to select sensors with the most similar parameters. As a result of these procedures, a set of 25 sensors was selected in which any pair

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• main etching mechanism remains the same. However, these structures stick together at the topmost point. The nanostructure bundles form during the drying process. This occurs when the capillary forces during drying are high enough to cluster neighbouring single Si wires, and the adhesion force of the

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• version of ArgusLab 4.0.1 (Mark Thompson and Planaria Software LLC©) for modeling a biomodified nanoparticle, and a trial version of the Materials Sciences Suite 2015 (Schrödinger Software©) software package to generate appropriate images of the whole protein–nanoparticle cluster. Statistical analysis The

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• silicon oxide is related to the size of the gold droplets formed during dewetting. Since the VLS-induced nanowire growth is a catalytic process, a minimum amount of gold atoms inside the droplet is necessary to dissolve germanium inside the gold cluster. This minimum amount is exceeded only on silicon but

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• nanoparticles, without doping or doped with rare earth metals, were designed in our labs for the use in MRI. Our studies showed that their effects on cells depend on the cell type, cluster design and concentration [158][159]. Asgari et al. [160] produced 50 nm SPION–carbon dot nanoparticles, which were designed

Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• control of the powder temperature, and by reducing the competing Au cluster density (i.e., using a well-separated Au cluster or an abrupt gold film edge). This gives the possibility to look deeper into the laterally aligned NW growth and to achieve higher control of the resulting NW properties. To use the

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• 2e2/h [5][7]. Furthermore, conductance histograms of alkali metals and the direct comparison of conductance peak values with the magic numbers of cluster size suggest that the preferred electronic quantum modes influence the mechanically stable diameters [8][9]. This electronic shell effect was not

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• cluster used. We plan to use a more advanced and less memory-consuming method, FETD (finite elements in time domain, FEM), in the future. Conclusion This work presents synthesis and UV–vis absorption studies of Ag nanostructures deposited on glass or silicon substrates. As shown, the formation of

DFT calculations of the structure and stability of copper clusters on MoS₂

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 391–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.30

• vacancy on the adsorption energy and geometry of single Cu adatoms and the Cu4 clusters. The results of this investigation show that the stability of small Cun clusters on a MoS2 ML is driven mainly by Cu–Cu interactions and not dependent on whether the cluster is 2D or 3D. Further, the density-of-states

• ) adsorbed on MoS2. The energy of a single gas phase Cu atom (ECu_atom) is multiplied by n, the number of Cu atoms in adsorbed Cun. 2. Binding energy with reference to a free Cun cluster: where ECu_cluster is the energy of the most favourable Cun nanocluster structure in vacuum. For two atoms, this is a Cu2

• dimer, for three atoms it is a triangle and for four atoms it is a tetrahedral configuration. 3. Addition energy: where n is the number of Cu atoms. This models adding a Cu atom to an existing adsorbed cluster with (n − 1) Cu atoms. For the calculations involving MoS2 with an S vacancy, the vacancy

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• Technological Research (CeFITec), Dept. de Física da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal Shenzhen Institute of Wuhan University 10.3762/bjnano.11.29 Abstract In the present study Ar+ cluster ions accelerated by voltages in the range of 5–10 kV are

• used to irradiate single crystal ZnO substrates and nanorods to fabricate self-assembled surface nanoripple arrays. The ripple formation is observed when the incidence angle of the cluster beam is in the range of 30–70°. The influence of incidence angle, accelerating voltage, and fluence on the ripple

• parallel steps or ribs. The more ordered ripple formation on nanorods can be associated with the confinement of the nanorod facets in comparison with the quasi-infinite surface of the flat substrates. Keywords: cluster ion bombardment; gas cluster ion beam; surface ripples; ZnO nanorods; Introduction The

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• molecular dynamics research package [25]. A part of the calculations was performed using the resources of the Information and Computing Center of the Novosibirsk State University. Results and Discussion Modelling a free spherical cluster of a copper/silicon alloy We considered a free spherical cluster of a

• copper/silicon alloy with a random distribution of atoms of 4.6 nm in size, with different silicon concentrations, obtained by cutting a sphere from an ideal fcc lattice as the initial object. Initially, the cluster was in the liquid state. The beginning of the cooling process was accompanied by the

• relaxation of the initial state at a temperature T = 1800 K. The cluster was cooled to a temperature of 300 K within the framework of the canonical ensemble using the Nose thermostat. The time step was τ = 1 fs. The cooling rate is 1 K/ps (1012 K/s). For the calculation, we used the speed variant of the

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• beam lithography and self-assembly methods to fabricate gold clusters of micrometer size and regular spacing. Subsequently, the detection resolution of 4-acetamidothiophenol was 0.05 g/L using the substrate. Nanoparticle cluster array structures with a size of 40 nm were fabricated by electron beam

• of copper structure and adjacent silver nanoparticle cluster structures where the scale is set to log|E/E0|. A new hot spot is generated due to the interaction with adjacent Ag nanoparticles. At the same time, the other hot spot between the Ag nanoparticle and the pile-up of copper structure is

• formed and the SERS hot spot intensity is greatly enhanced. The electric field intensity of the three adjacent Ag nanoparticle cluster structures on the pile-up of the Cu substrate is 380 V/m. The electric field intensity is further greatly enhanced compared with a single Ag nanoparticle on the pile-up

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• recently synthesized with the aim of producing powerful anti-pathogenic agents [4]. The so called “cluster glycoside effect” is the enhanced activity of a multivalent glycoderivative with respect to the monovalent saccharide [5]. Glycopolymers, i.e., polymers presenting pendant saccharides, are an

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• colocalized (Figure 2d). Hence, Cu is the only cation without an inverse relationship with Cl, suggesting that Cu and Cl must be partially colocalized in an associated phase. Figure 2d also shows that the data points of samples S2 and S1 cluster around the position of kuramite in the transformed space

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• presented in Figure 2b is the magnified image of the red squared region shown in Figure 2a. Figure 2b reveals that the cluster of about 40 nm in size, which is seen in Figure 2a, is formed by at least seven sub-10 nm nanocrystals. It is convenient to present d-spacing values for the identification of these

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• experimental details. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for funding from the German Science Foundation (SPP 1928 8481830/92, Excellence Cluster NIM). Moreover, the authors thank the Free State of Bavaria for funding in the context of the Research Network SolTech. The authors thank Dr. Markus Döblinger

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• is based on the 6-connected trimeric cluster [Fe3(μ3O)(COO)6] as secondary building unit (SBU) and tetratopic tetrathiafulvalene-tetrabenzoate (TTFTB4−) ligands. This MOF shows a hierarchical structure with mesoporous channels of ≈3 nm and orthogonal microporous channels of ≈1 nm. In addition, it

• characterisation of C60@MUV-2 Synthesis and encapsulation of C60 into MUV-2 MUV-2 was synthesised as previously described based on the solvothermal reaction of tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoic acid (H4TTFTB), the preformed cluster [Fe3O(CH3COO)6]ClO4 and acetic acid as a modulator in dimethylformamide (DMF) [52

• dispersion corrections were performed to quantify the total stabilization gained when C60 interacts with MUV-2 in arrangements A and B. Interaction energies (Eint) were calculated for the cluster C60@TTFTB at the B3LYP-D3/6-31G** level of theory with counterpoise correction, using the minimum-energy geometry

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• size of whole clusters was around 100 nm, which is much larger than the diameter as determined by TEM. This discrepancy might be due to nanoprobe cluster formation in water. Nanoparticles of diameter around 110 nm can successfully escape the phagocytosis of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and