Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• stability to the nanoparticles, thus ensuring colloidal stability at a higher salt concentrations. On the contrary, the perfect match sequence (mutation-free 5′ terminus) formed a rigid double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) on the particle surface, decreasing steric and electrostatic repulsions, thereby causing

• complementary DNA, the colloidal stability was recovered because of the hybridization of the negatively-charged DNA with the neutral PNA-modified AuNPs. The group of Graham has reported the functionalization of AuNPs (13 nm) with LNAs, revealing a remarkable binding affinity and selectivity towards DNA targets

• the formation of the branched junctions altered the colloidal stability of the nanoparticles, leading to a gradual aggregation. The detection limit of this method was 7.7 fM. With the aim of improving the sensitivity of the plasmon-based colorimetric sensor, Ying and co-workers [82] have used gold

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• suspension at 4 °C for different times resulted in the formation of particle clusters of high colloidal stability as demonstrated by conventional methods. These clusters completely disintegrated when albumin was added, indicating that they are agglomerates (and not aggregates) of AuNP-siRNA. The AuNPs-siRNA

• of physicochemical characteristics and siRNA surface density for a long period. Keywords: colloidal stability; gold nanoparticles; scale-up; siRNA delivery; siRNA duplex stability; therapeutic nucleic acids; Introduction Drug delivery to cells is only one application of nanoparticles in biomedicine

• that the freshly prepared suspension is homogeneous and has high colloidal stability in various solutions, except for the DMEM medium. A ten-fold increase in the reaction volume led to a decrease of about 10% in the surface density of AuNP-siRNA nanoconstructions, which caused changes in the

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• -PEG2000-cystabn conjugate (B). Colloidal stability of liposomes. Control and target liposomes were exposed to PBS (A,C) or 10% FBS in PBS (B,D) at three temperatures for 24/72 h then analysed by DLS. Data shown are mean ± SD, n = 3. GRPR targeting with cystabn increases cell accumulation of liposomes. (A

Small protein sequences can induce cellular uptake of complex nanohybrids

• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Malak Safi,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Fadi Aldeek,
• Johannes Ostermann,
• Tatiana Domitrovic,
• Sebastian Gärtner,
• John E. Johnson,
• Horst Weller and
• Hedi Mattoussi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2477–2482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.238

• for this study, due to their compact size, enhanced colloidal stability, and reduced non-specific interactions in biological media [22][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The central QDs used to build up the hybrid assemblies were prepared via encapsulation within a polymer coating made of an amine

• ]. In a control experiment, using citrate-stabilized AuNPs in a similar assay, the hybrid self-assembly precipitated within few minutes. This behaviour is attributed to the nature of the citrate coating (weak stabilizer), and further proves that using LA-ZW-AuNPs enhances their colloidal stability of

• the bound MBP stays functional [8][23][28]. Further details are available in Supporting Information File 1. After confirming the structural integrity and colloidal stability of the nanohybrids, we then proceeded to probe their interactions with HeLa cell cultures. For this, dispersions made of

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• stepwise growth, falls below −40 mV, the particles can be dispersed in an ammoniacal ethanol solution and grown further by the continuous addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate to a diameter larger than 500 nm. Due to the high colloidal stability, a coalescence of the particles can be suppressed, and single

• −20 mV, which explains the low colloidal stability of these particles. The latter was also confirmed by the rather high hydrodynamic diameter of the particles derived from DLS compared to the diameter obtained by STEM (see below in Table 1). A similarly low colloidal stability of the NPs coated with

• indicate low colloidal stability of the particles, which is also supported by the high PDI values suggesting partial aggregation (Table 1). Repeated centrifugation and redispersion in ethanol were carried out in an attempt to improve the colloidal stability by removing the remaining surfactant from the

The role of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Al³⁺ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu,
• Loredana F. Leopold and
• Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

• they provide a good trade-off between colloidal stability and surfactant affinity to the AgNP. We avoided the use of chloride-containing silver colloids [13][25] because of the competitive chemisorption between the anionic analyte and the Cl− capping agent to the Ca2+, Pb2+ or Al3+ activated AgNPs, Cl

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• have been investigated for hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging owing to their increased stability in aqueous media and biocompatibility [27][28]. An even stronger anchoring agent consisting of a dendron structure bearing a bisphosphonate polar head provided increased colloidal stability in

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• ][21]. However, one of the main problems limiting the preparation of HNT-based nanoarchitectured materials is the low colloidal stability of HNTs in aqueous media. This ultimately leads to inhomogeneous and badly performing nanocomposites in spite of the different approaches that have been developed to

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• oxidation under mildly acidic conditions. This high ζ-potential value is considered to be more than sufficient to ensure good colloidal stability of the particles in water. ATR-FTIR spectra were measured in the range of 800–4000 cm−1. The majority of the absorption peaks associated with the vibration of γ

• . The stabilizing effect of the heparin layer was also indicated by the changes in the ζ-potential of the particles before and after modification. Because the absolute value of the ζ-potential is a measure of the repulsion forces between particles in the medium, it indicates the colloidal stability of

• the dispersion. A higher absolute value of the ζ-potential indicates stronger repulsion forces and greater colloidal stability. Moreover, the change in the ζ-potential from positive to negative values indicated that heparin was successfully attached to the particle surface. In the ATR-FTIR spectrum of

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• Information Characterization of surfactants; Characterization of TNWs; SEM micrographs of TNWs in dispersions with DTAB/12-2-12; Colloidal stability of TNWs and TNW/surfactant dispersions. Supporting Information File 132: Additional experimental details. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank to

• hydrophobic interactions [40], which are influenced by experimental conditions such as pH, ionic strength, concentration of NMs as well as the surfactants in different ways. Surfactant adsorption at the solid/solution interface was used to modify the surface of TNWs and hence influence their colloidal

• stability. As a direct consequence of their amphiphilic nature, surfactant adsorption behavior differs significantly from that of small molecules and ions. During the adsorption of the surfactant molecules on oppositely charged solid surfaces, several steps can be recognized on an adsorption isotherm

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• size distribution with a PDI below 0.1 (see Table 1). The zeta potential of about −40 mV indicated colloidal stability due to electrostatic particle repulsion [14]. In our experimental setup we always referred to a constant surface area of NPs incubated with varying concentrations of serum. Surface

Polydopamine-coated Au nanorods for targeted fluorescent cell imaging and photothermal therapy

• Boris N. Khlebtsov,
• Andrey M. Burov,
• Timofey E. Pylaev and
• Nikolai G. Khlebtsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 794–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.79

• ). Finally, the zeta potential of full nanocomposites AuNR-PDA-R123-folate demonstrated a dependence on the pH value similar to that of AuNR-PDA particles. The only difference was that the final nanocomposites demonstrated better colloidal stability and smaller absolute values of positive and negative zeta

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• inorganic components on the surface have attracted great interest because of the possibility to tune size, composition, porosity, stability, surface functionality, and colloidal stability [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Generally, fluorescent dye molecules are sensitive to the external environment, which leads to

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• contributed to an enhanced lifetime. To make this multifunctional nanomaterial more biocompatible and specific to the cancer cell, we conjugated the FA with GNR@CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles. Firstly, we performed a colloidal stability study in which their hydrodynamic sizes were monitored using the dynamic light

• . Photoluminescence lifetime spectrum of CdSe/ZnS and GNR@CdSe/ZnS. The colloidal stability of GNR@CdSe/ZnS@FA. Microscopy images of MCF-7 breast cancer cell labelled with CdSe/ZnS@FA and GNR@CdSe/ZnS@FA. Lifetime data of the samples. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 2: Relative cell viability of

Hybrid Au@alendronate nanoparticles as dual chemo-photothermal agent for combined cancer treatment

• Anouchka Plan Sangnier,
• Romain Aufaure,
• Laurence Motte,
• Claire Wilhelm,
• Erwann Guenin and
• Yoann Lalatonne

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2947–2952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.273

• suggest that alendronate was grafted onto the nanocrystal surface through the phosphonate groups and could be activated for further biocoupling [10]. The excellent coating density led to a good colloidal stability, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements at physiological pH values. A

• concentrations, reaching very high values (over 8000 W/g) at low concentrations. These photothermal properties are in good agreement with those of other thermal agents [23] and show the applicability of Au@alendronate gold NPs as potential photothermal agents. The colloidal stability of Au@alendronate NPs at

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• a minimally invasive method that increases the exposure of affected tissues to drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles [5]. Colloidal stability, high drug-loading capacity, and relatively long circulation time are of primary importance for diverse biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles ranging

• contrast agents have been approved by the regulatory authorities. It is well-known that the in vivo distribution of iron oxide nanoparticles is strongly influenced by their surface coatings. The coating ensures colloidal stability, prevents particles from aggregation, introduces functional groups for

• relatively high values of Dh. The ζ-potential of the particles amounted to −35 mV (pH 7.3), which is sufficient for short-term colloidal stability of the particles. Coating of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (PHPMA) Surface modification of nanoparticles is a general

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

•  2A). The particles showed less polydispersity (i.e., a lower polydispersity index (PDI), 0.112) in the aqueous medium and high colloidal stability. The size-controllable synthetic procedure offers enhanced therapeutic efficacy in real time. The size of the aqueous dispersed particles was confirmed by

• agglomeration and enhanced colloidal stability [29]. Since the particle stability mainly depends on the electrical charge of the surface, properties such as cellular uptake, rate of drug release, and blood retention time are directly correlated with the zeta potential value. Furthermore, the zeta potential

• formation as previous reports of the zeta potential for calcium phosphate nanoparticles were −23 mV [31]. The colloidal stability of synthesized CaP@5-FU NPs was monitored for one month in regular intervals and no significant change in the zeta potential value was observed, confirming the stability of the

SERS active Ag–SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

• Cristina Gellini,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
• Alfonso Pedone and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

• unchanged at the same wavelength and with the same bandwidth. Ten minutes of laser ablation are sufficient to obtain a plasmon absorbance more than 2.5 in a 10 mm cuvette. However, a much larger silver content could be obtained with longer ablation times without compromising the colloidal stability. We have

• colloidal stability. The changes in the plasmonic bands observed in the UV–visible absorption spectrum after ligand addition indicate that the adsorbed molecules induce the aggregation of the nanoparticles, therefore favoring a good SERS activity. This is reinforced by the matching of the exciting radiation

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• various therapeutics and nanomaterials due to a number of benefits among which its low toxicity the most important [23][24]. PEG has good solubility in water and organic solvents. When being a component of polymeric micelles, it forms the outer hydrophilic shell of the micelle, contributes the colloidal

• stability of the nanocontainer and prevents premature release and biodegradation of the drug; the conjugation of PEG and calixresorcinarene will yield an amphiphile with improved binding properties due to the contribution of macrocycle platform to the interaction with substrates. This can lead to an

Nanocomposites comprised of homogeneously dispersed magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate)

• Sašo Gyergyek,
• David Pahovnik,
• Ema Žagar,
• Alenka Mertelj,
• Rok Kostanjšek,
• Miloš Beković,
• Marko Jagodič,
• Heinrich Hofmann and
• Darko Makovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1613–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.153

• deliver local magnetic hyperthermia [13]. One of the key properties of the formulation was the colloidal stability of the magnetic nanoparticles in the polymer solution. Acrylic-based cements are extensively used for the fixation of implantable prosthesis or in vertebroplasty, i.e., the procedure to fix

• magnetic nanoparticles are decorated with the PMMA chains that provide colloidal stability in the polymer solution, and secondly, the PMMA matrix is formed simultaneously in a one-pot synthesis. The nanocomposites were precipitated from the colloidal suspension and comprehensively characterized. In the

• by the concentration of macromolecules and the second-order virial coefficient. The colloidal stability of NP-PMMA in the polymer solution is clearly related to the presence of the polymer chains that are strongly bonded to the surface of the NP-PMMA. The origin of the stabilization is beyond of the

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• /bjnano.9.114 Abstract The effect of nanoparticle surface coating characteristics on colloidal stability in solution is a critical parameter in understanding the potential applications of nanoparticles, especially in biomedicine. Here we explored the modification of the surface of poly(ethylene glycol

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

• Mingyang Liu,
• Yanjun Chen,
• Chaoran Qin,
• Zheng Zhang,
• Shuai Ma,
• Xiuru Cai,
• Xueqian Li and
• Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

• indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode through the codeposition of rGO and chitosan [21]. The main limitation of this method is that graphene disperses poorly and has poor colloidal stability in most common solvents [22][23]. In our previous experiments, it was found that the unmodified rGO was very difficult

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• , turmeric and black pepper C-dots, respectively. All the synthesized spice-based carbon dots present negative zeta potentials with high absolute values. Such negative values ensure a good colloidal stability of these carbon dots in biological media. However, it must be noticed that there is no trend

• TEM of 3.37, 3.14, 4.32 and 3.55 nm, respectively. Additionally, the high values of negative zeta potential that all the spice-based C-dots presented ensure a great colloidal stability in biological media. The four different spice-based C-dots have been systematically evaluated to study the in vitro

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• only improve the colloidal stability of Ag NPs but also improve their antibacterial characteristics. A wide range of materials, such as graphene oxide [30][31], carbon nanotubes [32], SiO2 [33], Fe3O4 [34], ZnO [35], CuO [36], TiO2 [37] and others, have been tested as the supports for Ag NPs. Compared

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• shapes; they also affect size and colloidal stability. Particle shapes can be tuned via the ligand choice while ligand length, size, ω-functionalities, and chemical nature influence shelf-life and stability of nanoparticles in dispersions. When particles are deposited, ligands affect the electrical

• ligands are employed during synthesis to determine geometry [2][8], to control colloidal stability [5][26][27][28], to expand the solubility range through end-functionalization [29], or to influence the electro-optical features [26][30] of the resulting nanoparticles (NPs). They can act as cross-linkers

• formulations with solvents that are suitable for deposition [83]. It is also possible to replace insulating ligands from synthesis with conductive moieties in order to avoid later sintering steps [83][84]. 2.1 Colloidal stability Metal particles have large Hamaker constants, are strongly attracting each other