Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• previous measurements or the etching process and hence its lower conductivity, and iii) other factors such as improper light alignment or SPV underestimation by KPFM. Figure 3c presents the mechanical displacement of the membrane normalized to the photovoltage. These values were obtained by dividing the

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• nanoparticles at different concentrations. They found that the addition of nanoparticles enhanced the thermophysical properties and heat transfer characteristics of the lubricant. The researchers specified that nanolubricants typically provide greater thermal conductivity and viscosity in comparison to pure

• lubricants [2]. Sanukrishna and Prakash [3] experimentally investigated the thermophysical properties of a nanolubricant containing TiO2 nanoparticles for volume fractions of 0.07 to 0.8% in a temperature range of 20 to 90 °C. The results showed that the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the

• that the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanolubricant increased with the increase in mass fraction at a constant temperature. This capability in thermal conductivity enhancement can aid in addressing heat transfer issues within systems. Due to the fact that heat transfer takes place at the

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• conductivity After dilution of the particle suspension to 0.13% (V/V) with NaCl, the average size and conductivity, as well as the zeta potential of the particles were determined using a zetasizer (zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern Instruments, Malvern, United Kingdom) with each measurement in triplicate. Hemoglobin

• content in this suspension was 5.4 ± 0.02 mg/mL. Analysis by zetasizer showed an average particle size of 781 ± 7 nm, a conductivity of 1.34 ± 0.07 mS/cm, and a zeta potential of −28.0 ± 0.5 mV. The oxygen release method measurement showed a percentage of 81.4% ± 2.13% functional Hb. Light microscopy

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• properties of ZnO nanostructures, such as bandgap or conductivity [26]. Decorating ZnO with metals such as Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, and Al [27][28] can provide surface plasmonic effects that assist the electron transfer process in materials and extend the light absorption range of a photodetector [29][30]. However

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• highest photothermal conversion efficiency. In addition, these materials also possess high thermal and electrical conductivity, high aspect ratio, light weight, and high mechanical strength, because of which these materials are used for photothermal applications [36]. Polyhydroxylated fullerenes were

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• batteries. For the practical application of the materials, however, the problems of low conductivity and dramatic volume expansion of Si after full lithiation must still be solved [15]. To this end, silicon phosphides are actively studied. Layered silicon phosphide and diphosphide, for example, provide

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• catalyst for CO2RR. The author postulated that Co(II) is converted into Co(I), which acts as a redox center for the reduction of CO2 into CO (Figure 3c,d). Because of their poor conductivity, Co-MOFs are typically grown on conductive templates, such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), carbon cloth, and

• low conductivity of MOFs hampers electron transport, leading to sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics. To alleviate this problem, highly conductive materials such as graphene, and carbon nanotubes were combined with MOFs to improve overall conductivity. Additionally, the usage of pristine MOFs as

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• -TrFE). Graphene (GR) exhibits outstanding electrical conductivity and strong adsorption capabilities. When combined with ZnO, it forms a more homogeneous and compact structure, thereby enhancing the alignment and arrangement of ZnO crystals. Furthermore, the layered structure of GR enables it to enwrap

• ), P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO, P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR were calculated as 1.23, 0.78 and 0.57 μm, respectively (Table 1). The addition of an appropriate amount of ZnO filler can improve the conductivity of the electrospinning solution, which leads to an increased stretching of the fiber filaments under the high

• voltage and to a reduced filament diameter. Moreover, since GR has a sheet-like structure with good electrical conductivity, adding a trace amount of GR material can further enhance the solution's conductivity and promote the dispersion of ZnO particles, resulting in finer and smoother nanofiber filaments

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• than Si at room temperature) conductivity [14]. However, electrodes based on alloying suffer from deterioration during repeated lithiation/delithiation because of the large variation in volume. Despite the lower volume change ratio compared to Si (370% for Ge and 400% for Si) and the structural

• performance of Ge-based anodes, a carbon matrix is the most popular choice to disperse nanoparticles, avoiding their aggregation and reducing the internal stress induced by volume variation, because of its flexible structure and high conductivity [30][31][32]. In our recent study, the combination of Ge

• to 1.07 for Ge/C-iM750. This indicates that the graphite structure has undergone deformation, resulting in a highly disordered carbon matrix. Such a transformation is anticipated to enhance the conductivity and to increase the number of active sites for binding lithium ions [51][52]. These results

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• application of electrochemical methods in detection of pesticides has already been extensively studied [9][10][11][12][13]. Nanomaterials are ideal for electrochemical sensing because of their unique properties such as high chemical stability, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and large surface

• sonicated in ethanol and rinsed with DI water to remove surface impurities. The GQDs-based ink was prepared in a glass vial with four components, that is 15 mg activated charcoal as a conductivity enhancer, 15 mg GQDs as modifying agent, 25 µL Nafion as binder, and 1 mL isopropyl alcohol as solvent. All

• semicircle with a resistance of about 12.71 kΩ. After modification with GQDs, the Rct value decreases to about 9.98 kΩ. It can be inferred that, as a result of an increase in conductivity, K3Fe(CN)6 can reach the electrode surface more easily. Cyclic voltammetry The redox electrochemical behavior of the bare

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• nanowires in combination with good electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power reaching 500 µV/K enables their application as p-type components for environmentally friendly thermoelectric devices [3][4]. Investigating the influence of relative humidity (RH) and understanding conductivity mechanisms in

• , a decrease of conductivity in humid environments was observed, as expected for a p-type semiconductor material [6][13][18][19], other reports described a conductivity increase [20][21][22][23][24]. For example, arrays of free-standing nanowires showed an impedance increase upon exposure to humidity

• adsorption sites (S), for example, in a reaction: [30], may contribute to accumulation of holes near the surface (Figure 3c) [12][14][31]. Then, upon exposure to humidity, the conductivity reduces; impedances measured at RH 5–20% (ca. 0.5 GΩ) are lower than impedances of 2–8 GΩ measured in the RH region of

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• surface chemistry, enabling nanosensors to achieve extremely low detection limits. Numerous nanomaterials shown in Figure 3 have different functionalities, including high conductivity, good catalytic activity, and optical and plasmonic properties, making them attractive candidates for opto-electrochemical

• electrical signals that may be easily identified and shown by electrical equipment. Electrochemical sensor-based techniques can be classified as conductometric, potentiometric, voltammetric, or amperometric, depending on the electrical signal that needs to be measured [56]. Conductivity is measured using

• biomolecules via electrostatic forces, stacking, and/or hydrogen bonding, which lead to high accumulation of the target analyte, are another factor that supports the development of electrochemical sensors. However, because of the high proportion of organic ligands, most MOFs have poor electrical conductivity

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• AM 1.5 solar light (1000 W/m2) was provided by a Peccell L01 solar simulator. For each test, 200 µL gas samples were taken from the photoreactor every 30 min and analyzed with two gas chromatographs equipped with either a flame ionization detector (FID, Agilent 7890A) or a thermal conductivity

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• Fourier model. Keywords: ballistic transport; kinked nanowire; molecular dynamics; phonon Monte Carlo; thermal transport; Introduction The thermal conductivity of semiconductor nanostructures is of great interest because of potential applications in a wide variety of fields, such as thermal control

• for unfettered ballistic phonon transit, suppressing the contribution to thermal transport. Heron et al. [23] found that nanowires with square serpentines with dimensions of a few hundred nanometers exhibit reductions in thermal conductivity of the order of 20–40%. Zhang et al. found that, in boron

• transport, thus reducing the conductance (or equivalently, increasing the thermal resistance) for the same temperature difference. Works on serpentine nanowires show similar behaviour [22], with thermal conductivity asymptotically approaching a constant (which is analogous to an inverse proportionality for

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• , indicating that the conductivity loss through the carbon shell plays a dominant role in the EM dissipation. Based on the above analysis, it is considered that multiple loss mechanisms may contribute to the improvement of EM absorption for the as-prepared SiC@C-ZnO hybrids (Figure 7). First, the hybrid

• materials possess a large number of three-dimensional gaps, which are generated by the stacked one-dimensional SiC nanowires and the ZnO particles. These gaps can lead to reflection or scattering losses when the microwaves enter (Figure 7a). Second, conductivity losses can occur in the carbon shell on the

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• spectroscopy (EDS) detector. In certain studies, samples were cut after immersing the beads, films, or foams in liquid N2 to obtain clean cuts and then sputtered with a thin layer of Au using a Leica EM ACE200 sputterer to assure good conductivity. Using a Zeiss LSM 800 microscope, transmitted-light images in

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• materials [5], offering an array of products with a wide range of properties such as improved mechanical strength and higher thermal conductivity. To accelerate the further development and adoption of GR2Ms, it is critical to develop reliable and standardized methods to characterize the materials being

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• both metallic and semiconducting properties. These networks have been applied to thermoelectric materials and have been found to exhibit low interplane thermal conductivity, which is not typical of carbon materials, while maintaining the interplane electrical conductivity. Müllen, Fuchs, Chi, and co

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• different kinds of conductive carbon materials [14][15][16][17][18]. Recently, graphene (Gr)/graphene oxide (GO) has attracted the attention of many researchers due to its high surface area, significant chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and high mechanical strength [12][19]. Combining a

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• conductivity, tunability of materials for realizing broadband energy absorption, appearance of new mechanisms of photon absorption, and improved prospects of preserving material properties [4][5][6]. Nanoparticle heating can result also due to the conversion of optical absorption by plasmons into heat. This

• conductivity relaxation time with temperatures T larger than the Debye temperature Θ. The Debye temperature is the temperature of a crystal’s highest mode of vibration. The decay of the excited electrons (plasmons) is through either radiative relaxation (i.e., photon emission) or non-radiative relaxation. Non

• specific heat, k is the thermal conductivity, T is the temperature, t is the time, and is the rate of heat generation (or depletion) per unit volume. The Laplacian ∇2 represents the temporal change in the temperature variation of the material. The rate of heat generation or depletion, , is arrived at from

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• evaporation. Nanoemulsions were also formulated at room temperature from poly(oxyethylene)(10) oleyl ether [43] containing ethyl cellulose (4%) dissolved in ethyl acetate. Nanoemulsions were obtained after phase inversion (as confirmed by electrical conductivity measurements) at O/S ratios between 70/30 and

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• mV. This yields, Rn = 20 mΩ, C = 44.25 pF, Λ = 272.6 nm, inductance L* = μ0Λa/b = 3.43 pH, and c0/c = 2.71 × 10−2. Surface resistance Within the two-fluid model, the surface resistance of two superconducting electrodes can be written as [41]: Here, σn is the normal state conductivity. This

Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets

• Dong Wei,
• Chengwei Ye,
• Adnan Ahmed and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15

• conductivity, stable physical and chemical properties, as well as fast charge and discharge, the application of electrospun nanofiber-based materials in supercapacitor electrode materials has attracted great attention [1][2]. Although traditional single-needle electrospinning (SNE) devices are widely used and

• characterization The spinning solution viscosity was measured by a viscosity instrument (SNB-1, Shanghai Ruifang Co., LTD.). The spinning solution conductivity was tested by a conductivity tester (DDS-307A, Shanghai INESA Analytical Instrument Co., LTD.). The yield of nanofibers fabricated by EMAI was determined

• , 50, and 60 kV). A simplified 3D model of the porous copper spinneret with a diameter of 70 mm and a height of 45 mm is shown in Figure 1b. Ten holes with a diameter of 2 mm were drilled into the spinneret. The specific simulation parameters were as follows: The conductivity of copper was 5.8 × 1011

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• signals from secondary electrons and backscattered electrons (BSE) to minimize charging effects due to the bad electrical conductivity of the SiO2 layer. In addition, the composition information related to the Z-contrast was obtained by the BSE detector because the areas rich in elements with higher

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• lattice structure and an increase in electrical conductivity. The material is promising for applied research and development of new spintronics devices, energy management sensors, and magnetic recording media. Research focused on specific application devices based on phase-transition memory state is