Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• center spider). Its fingerprint-like outmost surface structure has an approximately sinusoidal cross section with a periodicity of 200–300 nm and a height (amplitude) of approx. 200 nm. During the combing process, the nanofibers are pulled orthogonally over these nanoripples. It was shown that the

• identical with a laterally shifted sine function), that is, It has to be emphasized that, if the periodic modulation on the surface has a sinusoidal cross section but the fiber is not orthogonally oriented to these ridges, the cross section under an angle is still represented by a cosine function with same

• drawn in blue. Surface and fiber are mathematically modelled by two functions, f(x) and w(x), respectively. The cross section of the surface is sinusoidal with a period of 2λ and an amplitude of a. A fiber on top of the surface is deflected partially due to van der Waals interactions. The point of

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride

• Felipe Ortiz-Huerta and
• Karina Garay-Palmett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90

• microcavity is also an open-access cavity. Conceptual design shows cross-section of hybrid plano-concave microcavity with a 2D hBN layer inside on top of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). Fabrication steps of hybrid microcavity. (a) hBN layer positioned on top of DBR. (b) Concave polymer shape is

• fabricated by direct laser writing process. (c) A silver layer is added on top of polymer. Cross-section of hybrid plano-concave microcavity shows the geometrical parameters and the two Gaussian modes inside. Spotsizes W02 and W2 for different values of R2 and L2. Transverse cut of Figure 4 through length L2

Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• equations (FRE) [18] as Equations 1–4 shows, where n0 is the cavity index, gc is the gain cross section, c is the speed of light. ΓP is the optical confinement factor per stage, α is the laser total loss. NP the total number of stages, 1/τk,i is the rate of electron scattered from subband k to subband i, 1

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• are computed using the XSPECTRA code [34], which is a module in the Quantum-ESPRESSO computational package. In the code, the X-ray absorption cross section is modeled in terms of a transition operator coupling initial and final states, which are solutions of the KS equations. For the K-edge

• absorbing atom [34]. Within this pseudopotential approach, the final all-electron wave function is reconstructed from the pseudowave function by means of the projector augmented wave method [43]. The isotropic cross section has been found necessary to calculate XANES spectra, since our relaxed structural

• phase of Ni-doped zirconia is cubic. For a general symmetry, the isotropic electric dipole cross section is obtained by a linear combination of three cross sections calculated along three perpendicular directions of polarization, namely σ(0,0) = 1/3(σxx + σyy + σzz) [44]. In practice, the cross section

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• were measured using the cross-section tool (n = 20). Analysis of the chemical composition of wax Fresh leaves were cut from intact plants and immediately processed. To extract the epicuticular waxes of the greenhouse plants, three leaves per leaf age were combined for one replicate and dipped for 20 s

• image, (b) height image. The white line indicates where the cross section in (c) was made. (c) Cross section. On the left side of each image: glass after the removal of the coating, on the right side: structure of the wax coating. Chemical composition of wheat wax. GH: greenhouse plants (n = 15); OD

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• after liquid exfoliation. (e) Width histograms of KP15 nanowires after liquid exfoliation. Sizes of exfoliated KP15 nanowires. (a) Cross section of the KP15 nanowire marked in the upper right corner inset image. (b) Cross section of the KP15 nanowire marked in the upper right corner inset image. (c

• ) Cross section of the KP15 nanowire marked in the upper right corner inset image. (d) Cross section of the KP15 nanowire marked in the upper right corner inset image. Hansen parameters for the solvents [21]. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 10: Strong temperature-dependent Raman

Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor interfaces

• Peter Machon,
• Michael J. Wolf,
• Detlef Beckmann and
• Wolfgang Belzig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 682–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.60

• = e2/h is the conductance quantum, and G = σNA/d is the conductance of the film (in the direction perpendicular to the interface of cross section A). D and σN are the diffusion constant and the normal-state conductivity of the film, respectively. Note, that due to the normalization condition for

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the oxygen-containing groups (methoxy and furyl groups) of BBR and the –OH group of glycerol in water [38]. Morphology and size distribution of BBR NPs The SEM image (Figure 3a) shows that pure BBR forms tightly agglomerated rods with rectangular cross

• section and different sizes in the micrometer range. After the antisolvent precipitation process, the size of BBR NPs was expected to be at the nanoscale. TEM observation shows that the BBR NPs had a uniform rectangular shape with sizes lower than 100 nm (Figure 3b). It also reveals a good dispersion of

A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images

• Cristian Radu,
• Ioana D. Vlaicu and
• Andrei C. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51

• circular transversal cross section. Using a calibration of 1.47 nm/px, it can be estimated that the MNPs have a cross section with an average diameter of roughly 30 nm whereas their length is, on average, slightly above 40 nm, which is compatible with the XRD measurements. Orientation data is given in

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• CuPc as a Raman probe, because CuPc exhibits a large Raman scattering cross section and an extremely weak photoluminescence signal. A thin film of 5 nm of CuPc was deposited on the triangular MoSe2 flakes through thermal vapor deposition. Figure 1a shows a bright-field optical image of CuPc/MoSe2. From

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• resistivity ρN ≪ ρS, which ensures its lower kinetic inductance relative to the rest of the structure. This leads to a flow of the current mostly through this layer in the case of the open valve. Figure 6a shows the spatial distributions of the pairing amplitude F(x) in the cross section of this structure for

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• , except for desiccation treatment, small pieces of wet cotton were used to surround the tibiae (Figure 1b). The wet cotton pieces were covered by a layer of parafilm (BEMIS Packaging Deutschland GmbH, Rheinbach, Germany) [11]. Prior to testing, the cross section of the specimens was polished with

• sandpaper with a grain diameter of 0.3 µm (ITW Test & Measurement GmbH, Esslingen, Germany). We performed the indentations normal to the cross section of the tibiae. This resulted in the measurement of the elastic moduli of the tibial cuticle in the longitudinal direction (along the axis of tibia) (Figure 1

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• cross section of 14 µm × 400 nm. The gap is 300 nm, and the pull-in voltage is 70 V. As the width is reduced to 200 nm and the gap is reduced to 100 nm, the pull-in voltage is reduced to 5 V. The switching current ratio is greater than 106, and the number of life cycles is greater than 105. Jasulaneca

• with a switching ratio of about 103. Qian et al. [37] produced a U-shaped NEM switch with two Si nanowires, which support a square capacitive plate to form a U-shaped removable electrode, as shown in Figure 5b. The length of the silicon nanowires is 5 µm, the cross section is 90 × 90 nm square, the

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

Selected properties of Al_xZn_yO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering using a two-element Zn/Al target

• Witold Posadowski,
• Artur Wiatrowski,
• Jarosław Domaradzki and
• Michał Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 344–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.29

• morphology of the surface and cross section of the deposited thin films was investigated using a FEI Helios NanoLab 600i scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) to determine the amount of Al and Zn in the deposited films (without taking the oxygen signal into

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• testifying the predominantly amorphous nature of the deposited thin films. The microstructure of the (Ti–Cu)Ox films was further analyzed with the aid of a TECNAI G2 FEG Super-Twin (200 kV) transmission electron microscope equipped with EDS attachment. The local chemical composition of the cross section was

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• for 72 h and after scanning the central area (1.0 × 0.125 μm2) 16 times at a normal load of 1.5 nN (imaging load: 1.0 nN); (b) cross section of the topography and friction image corresponding to the lines drawn in (a); (c) friction force of the scan field and surrounding area as a function of the

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• about 10 eV and George et al. [21] determined the rate constant for the formation of [Mo(CO)5]− and found it to be 1.3 × 10−7 cm3·molecule−1·s−1. This is a very high rate constant, which is consistent with cross section measurements for single-ligand loss in DEA to Co(CO)3NO [25] and Pt(PF3)4 [26

• ], which were found to be 4.1 × 10−16 cm2 and 1.98 × 10−16 cm2, respectively, that is, only about a factor of 10 below the πλ2, s-wave attachment cross section given by the respective DeBroglie wavelength [26][27]. Using the approximation [28], where, ka is the rate constant, , the average velocity of the

• incident electron and is the respective average cross section. These translate to rate constants of ca. 2.43 × 10−8 and ca. 1.2 × 10−8 cm3·molecule−1·s–1, respectively, at 1.0 eV electron energy ( = 5.93 × 105 m/s), approximately where the maxima for these processes are observed. Electron impact

Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

• Hiroya Tanaka,
• Shinya Ohno,
• Kazushi Miki and
• Masatoshi Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12

• -flow etching of the monolayer depth occurs just beside the remaining island, as shown by the solid arrow. The island remains at the step edge, as shown in the circle (d). A magnified image of the island in (d) is shown in Figure 4a. The line profile along the cross section A–B is shown in Figure 4b

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• graphene we investigate its effect on the surface. The deposited graphene sheet alters the structure and shape of the surface. This can be seen in Figure 4, where we show the density as a function of the position in a cross section of the substrate for the cases with and without the graphene layer. We

• (stiff membrane). Figure 8 shows the cross section of the density under the tip at the end of the indentation process. We can see regular lines of high density right below the graphene layer, which indicate a local reorganisation of the polymer chains. The graphene layer, especially the flat sheet, is

Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• the mesa volume with a total power of 1 mW and uniform density. Figure 3 represents heat transfer simulations for a whisker without an electrode. Figure 3a,b shows sketches of the device and the x–z cross-section through the mesa (not to scale), respectively. Figure 3c–e shows the temperature

• distribution for the case when the sample is placed in vacuum. Figure 3c shows the top view, Figure 3d the x–z cross section through the mesa (stretched by a factor of three in the vertical direction), and Figure 3e shows the temperature distribution in the mesa (stretched by a factor of 50 in the vertical

• -based device without electrodes. (a) A sketch of the device and (b) a cross section through the mesa (not to scale). (c–e) Calculated temperature distribution for the device in vacuum. (f–h) The same for the device in exchange He gas. Heat transport in a whisker-based device with an electrode. (a) A

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• examined by SEM and TEM. The SEM image presented in Figure 2a shows a good uniformity of the prepared Au nanostructures. Nanoislands cover the whole substrate surface. Additionally, the HRTEM image of a cross section of a single nanoisland is shown in Figure 2b [25][26]. It can be seen, that the

• prepared structures. (a) SEM image of gold plasmonic platform, (b) HRTEM image of the cross section of a single gold nanoisland [25]. Figure 2a,b was reproduced from [25] (© 2019 M. Łapiński et al., published by Springer Nature, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• electron irradiation field, the fragmentation cross section, as well as the energy deposited into the system during the fragmentation process are specified. The initial state of the adsorbed molecules to be exposed to electron-beam irradiation is created in step 3. This follows by the multiple cycling of

• distribution of secondary (SE) and backscattered (BSE) electrons produced due to the collision of the PE beam with the substrate. The convolution of the SE and BSE flux density with the fragmentation cross section of the precursor molecule determines the fragmentation probability of precursors at any space

• consider a cylindrical PE beam with a radius of 5 nm and energy of 10 keV. The number of generated electrons (that is the sum of SE and BSE contributions) of specific energy per primary electron [15] is shown in Figure 3A by the solid red line. The dashed line shows the Pt(PF3)4 fragmentation cross section

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• by GCoS. (a) Overview, (b) microneedle outlet and shank, (c) inlet with microchannels, (d) outlet with microchannels, (e,f) cross-section of microchannels with two and five cavities. (g) A coronal brain cross-section micrograph with the infusion of a dye at the posterior nucleus, (h) a horizontal

• cross-section of brain displaying cells (Hoechst staining), astrocytes (GFAP staining), and neurons (cresyl violet staining) at the insertion location of the microneedle [66]. Figure 3a–h were reprinted from [66], Sensors and Actuators B, Chemical, vol. 209, by Lee, H. J.; Son, Y.; Kim, D.; Kim, Y. K