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Search for "cytotoxicity" in Full Text gives 194 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

  • Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
  • Nina Burduja,
  • Marco Abbate,
  • Claudio Stagno,
  • Guy Caljon,
  • Louis Maes,
  • Nicola Micale,
  • Massimiliano Cordaro,
  • Angela Scala,
  • Antonino Mazzaglia and
  • Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

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  • -potential), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Experimental data suggested a multiple set of interactions between Pent and nanoGS that involves mainly the CD cavities. The biological profile of nanoG, nanoGS, and nanoGSP has been evaluated in terms of antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity by in vitro
  • Pent (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1), in line with previously reported data [19][21]. Cytotoxicity assays were also performed to assess the selectivity of the nanosystems (see hereinafter). The inactivity of nanoG and nanoGS emerged in our work suggested that leishmanicidal effects described
  • temperature for 15 h. In vitro antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity For the antileishmanial activity, nanoG, nanoGS, and nanoGSP (all of them in aqueous solution) were evaluated in vitro against L. infantum MHOM/MA (BE)/67 intracellular amastigotes. The aqueous sample solutions (nanoG = 28.17 μg/mL of Au
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Published 18 Nov 2022

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

  • Aisha Kanwal,
  • Naheed Bibi,
  • Sajjad Hyder,
  • Arif Muhammad,
  • Hao Ren,
  • Jiangtao Liu and
  • Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

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  • sensing, bioimaging, catalysis, medicine, optoelectronics, and drug delivery due to their unique properties, that is, low cytotoxicity, cytocompatibility, water-solubility, multicolor wavelength tuned emission, photo-stability, easy modification, strong chemical inertness, etc. This review article
  • addition, the CDs had high water solubility, fluorescence stability, decreased cytotoxicity, and excellent biocompatibility with MCF7 cells, so they were also successful in bioimaging MCF7 cells. Xu et al. reported red emitting CDs using spinach as a natural source. PEI was used for the modification of the
  • functional groups such as amino, carboxylate, carbonyl, and hydroxy groups. The cytotoxicity study showed good biocompatibility and applicability in both in vitro and in vivo imaging [116]. Recently, milk was used by Al-Hashimi et al. as a natural precursor to synthesize N-CDs via a solvothermal method
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Published 05 Oct 2022

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

  • Se-Kwon Kim,
  • Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
  • Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
  • Sebanti Gupta,
  • Sukumaran Anil,
  • Gi Hun Seong and
  • Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

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  • Bacillus cereus. The cytotoxicity behaviour was determined by an in vitro proliferation experiment with MG-63 cells. The findings indicate that the nontoxic substances are safe to be used in bone tissue engineering applications [69]. A new combination with palladium/zinc oxide/hydroxyapatite was fabricated
  • results demonstrate that the composites had higher proliferation rate following the addition of the zinc trace element. Furthermore, the data indicate that cytotoxicity was reduced and also that the enzymatic alkaline phosphatase assay has significant activity [29]. The alkaline phosphatase assay was
  • developed scaffolds have mechanical strength of 1112 kPa. The in vitro investigation using MG-63 demonstrates reduced cytotoxicity, providing preliminary data for further research [93]. Further investigation indicated that porous chitosan gelatin with multiwalled carbon tubes functionalized with
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Published 29 Sep 2022

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

  • Hendrik Bargel,
  • Vanessa T. Trossmann,
  • Christoph Sommer and
  • Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

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Published 08 Sep 2022

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

  • Gufeng Li,
  • Shaoqing Li,
  • Rui Wang,
  • Min Yang,
  • Lizhu Zhang,
  • Yanli Zhang,
  • Wenrong Yang and
  • Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

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  • hydrolysis of the spirolactam ring of Rh6G2, leading to a significant change in the fluorescence of GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 from an “OFF” to an “ON” state. This strategy is an effective tool to detect Hg2+ ions. In cytotoxicity experiments, GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 could penetrate living cells and detect mercury ions through
  • . synthesized a novel probe using gold nanoparticles modified by rhodamine B isothiocyanate and poly(ethylene glycol) (RBITC-PEG-GNPs) [21]. A cytotoxicity assay showed that a cell viability of 95–100% was maintained during the incubation with RBITC-PEG-GNPs with different concentrations from 0 to 80 nM. Thus
  • may be due to the introduction of gold nanostructures. Previous studies showed that GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 permeate well into cells [48][57][58]. Cytotoxicity studies of nanomaterials are important to determine the effects of different components of the nanostructure [59][60]. The cytotoxicity of GSH-Rh6G2
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Published 23 Jun 2022

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

  • Camila Felix Vecchi,
  • Rafaela Said dos Santos,
  • Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
  • Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

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  • regarding in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the biological activity and cytotoxicity of the MNs, the vitro PRP release profile, the cutaneous permeation using porcine and human skin, and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Experimental Materials Poloxamer 407 (P407), gelatin, and propylene glycol were purchased
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Published 08 Jun 2022

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

  • Çiğdem Yücel,
  • Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
  • Sena Yalçıntaş and
  • Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

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  • week) were determined for three months. The 3-(4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to test the cytotoxicity of the formulations and different EGCG solutions on the L929 cell line. The cell permeation properties and inhibitory effects of ETHs and ETHGs on
  • cytotoxicity test revealed that the formulations and the EGCG solution at different concentrations were nontoxic. In terms of cell permeability, enzyme inhibition, and antioxidant activity, the ethosomal formulations yielded better results compared to the EGCG solution. It was observed that the formulations
  • = 0.999). The peak of EGCG was detected at 5.93 min. The method was found to be sensitive and reproducible. Cytotoxicity L-929 cells are frequently used in cytotoxicity studies and shown as a reference cell line by international standards (ISO 10993 part 5, 1999; ISO 7405, 1997) for cytotoxicity tests [27
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Published 31 May 2022

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

  • Xiaoyan Ma,
  • Haoning Gong,
  • Kenji Ogino,
  • Xuehai Yan and
  • Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

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  • dynamic light scattering were used to record absorption spectra and size change. Cytotoxicity experiment in vitro The cytotoxicity of the as-prepared MZG nanoparticles was assessed against 3T3 cells. 3T3 cells were cultivated with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine
  • experiments The cytotoxicity of antioxidants is of importance for biomedical applications. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of MZG nanoparticles was assessed by incubating 3T3 cells and determining the cell viability via MTT assay [40]. 3T3 cells were treated with different concentrations of MZG nanoparticles
  • concentration of Myr: 0.5 mg·mL−1). Antioxidant activity evaluation in cells. (a) Cytotoxicity evaluation of MZG nanoparticles by incubating 3T3 cells with different concentrations of MZG nanoparticles (equivalent concentration of Myr: 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 µM). (b) H2O2-induced oxidative stress by incubating
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Published 01 Mar 2022

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters

  • Xue Wang,
  • Lili Xuan and
  • Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

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  • line and in vivo research using xenografted BALB/c mice model confirmed these nanoclusters, under NIR irradiation, led to overt cellular apoptosis and halted growth of implanted tumor xenografts at concentrations that did not elicit cytotoxicity when administered alone. Mechanistically, we discovered
  • , China) at power densities of 0.7, 1, 2, and 4 W·cm−2 with a spot size of 5 mm. Pre- and post-irradiation temperatures were recorded by a thermocouple positioned 1 cm beneath the solution surface. Measurements were made every 60 s over a period of 10 min. In vitro cytotoxicity assay A375 melanoma cell
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Published 22 Feb 2022

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

  • Padmavati Sahare,
  • Paulina Govea Alvarez,
  • Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
  • Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
  • Samik Chakraborty,
  • Sujay Paul and
  • Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

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  • can support and initiate cancer growth, the cytotoxicity of W. somnifera-synthesized TiO2 nps was tested against the human hepatic cancer cell line HepG2 and a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability of HepG2 cells was discovered [93]. Thabet et al. also showed the antifungal efficiency of
  • (Figure 5) by inducing apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. Cytotoxicity tests of TiO2 nps showed 95% cell viability, ensuring its broad application in biomedicine for cancer therapeutics. Moreover, TiO2 nps increases the DOX accumulation in tumor cells while limiting the harmful side effects caused
  • treat cancer cells, the cancer cells predominantly took up avidin-TiO2. Thus the treatment using ultrasound became site-specific. Photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy have the advantages of low cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Therefore, these therapies are strong alternatives to classical radiotherapy
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Published 14 Feb 2022

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

  • Rouhollah Khodadust,
  • Ozlem Unal and
  • Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

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  • as well as its targeted delivery to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive cancer cell lines, in vitro. Initially, the dose dependent cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was determined. Then, using a fluorescence microscope, the ability of these nanoparticles to generate intracellular optical
  • ) in HBG at 25 °C. All measurements were performed in triplicate. Cell culture and cytotoxicity assay Dose-dependent antiproliferative effects of free bPEI, SPION@bPEI, and SPION@bPEI/PIC were tested on HeLa cells (cervical cancer cell line). The antiproliferative effect of SPION@bPEI-Erb and SPION
  • % magnetite and 77% of maghemite SPIONs [35]. Here, the cytotoxicity of SPION@bPEI, its potential for therapeutic gene delivery, and label-free optical imaging were investigated. For this purpose, PIC which is a synthetic dsRNA was electrostatically loaded into SPION@bPEI at different N/P ratios (1.4/1, 2.8/1
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Published 18 Jan 2022

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

  • Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
  • Adrien Chauvin and
  • Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

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Published 04 Jan 2022

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

  • Sadaf Mushtaq,
  • Khuram Shahzad,
  • Tariq Saeed,
  • Anwar Ul-Hamid,
  • Bilal Haider Abbasi,
  • Nafees Ahmad,
  • Waqas Khalid,
  • Muhammad Atif,
  • Zulqurnain Ali and
  • Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

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  • specificity with significantly higher (p < 0.005) drug release in an acidic environment (pH 5.5). The nanoparticles were highly colloidal (zeta potential = −35 to −26 mV) in deionized water, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and sodium borate buffer (SBB). They showed elevated and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in
  • . The nanoparticles caused cytotoxicity via oxidative stress, causing DNA damage and activation of p53-mediated cell cycle arrest (significantly elevated expression, p < 0.005, majorly G1 and G2/M arrest) and apoptosis. Cytotoxicity testing in 3D spheroids showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in
  • excellent magnetic, colloidal, cytotoxic, and biocompatible aspects. However, detailed mechanistic, in vivo cytotoxicity, and magnetic-field-assisted studies are required to fully exploit these nanocarriers in therapeutic applications. Keywords: anticancer drugs; doxorubicin; drug carriers; in vitro
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Published 02 Dec 2021

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

  • Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
  • Haralambos Sarimveis,
  • Philip Doganis,
  • Xiaodong Jia,
  • Marianna Kotzabasaki,
  • Christiana Gousiadou,
  • Stacey Lynn Harper and
  • Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

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  • studies that found that this descriptor could be used, along with a few other basic variables representing core composition that were also considered herein, to model the cytotoxicity of a wide variety of metal oxide ENMs [55][59]. It has been proposed that the electronegativity of the metal atom may
  • be successfully identified. Interestingly, it was found that comparable results could be obtained using a model based upon a single, simple descriptor: the Pauling electronegativity of the metal atom. This descriptor has previously been used to model cytotoxicity of metal oxides [55][59], and other
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Published 29 Nov 2021

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

  • Huan Ren,
  • Lifang Wu,
  • Lina Tan,
  • Yanni Bao,
  • Yuchen Ma,
  • Yong Jin and
  • Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

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  • showed that the nanoparticles had higher cytotoxicity and better tumor inhibition than curcumin and did not decrease the biocompatibility of the drug. A tumor inhibition rate of 33.2% was observed in mice treated with curcumin (25 mg·kg−1). In contrast, the tumor inhibition rate in mice treated with the
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Published 12 Oct 2021

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

  • Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
  • Norma J. Salazar-López,
  • Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
  • José R. Vega-Baudrit,
  • J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
  • Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
  • Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
  • Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
  • Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

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  • cancer cells (HCT116) by promoting cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase [49]. A CUR nanocrystal has been successfully prepared using melt sonocrystallization, in which its therapeutic potential was evidenced according to in vitro cytotoxicity studies against a human oral cancer cell line (KB). The results
  • showed a growth inhibition (GI50) value <10 µg/mL, enhanced inhibition of proliferation, and higher cytotoxicity as compared to free CUR (F-CUR) [50]. Hu et al. [51] formulated a nanocrystal with curcumin and yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide, which maintained the stability of CUR for 60 days (at 25 °C
  • the expulsion of the bioactive compound and, therefore, a rapid initial release [66]. Curcumin-loaded SLN were tested in vitro against MDA-MB-231 cells, which revealed a significantly higher cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and induced apoptosis, as compared to F-CUR [67]. Curcumin-based SLN have shown
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Published 15 Sep 2021

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

  • Nabojit Das,
  • Akash Kumar and
  • Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

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  • made owing to their cytotoxicity. The toxicity concern is primarily due to the conventional synthesis route that involves surfactants as a structure-directing agent and as a capping agent for nanoparticles. Wet chemical methods employ toxic auxiliary chemicals. However, the approach yields
  • utilizing safe nanomaterials for advanced biomedical and clinical applications. Keywords: anisotropic nanoparticles; carrageenan; cytotoxicity; eutectic solvents; surfactants; Review Introduction Plasmonic metals such as gold and silver, upon achieving nanoscale dimensions, exhibit unusual physicochemical
  • ]. Traditionally used stabilizing agents, such as surfactants and citrate, enable the synthesis of nanoparticles with high yield and monodispersity but also cause cytotoxicity and genotoxicity even at low concentrations [9][10]. Surfactants are known to act as a template for anisotropy in plasmonic metal
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Published 18 Aug 2021

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

  • Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
  • Lida Moradi,
  • Elmira Kohan,
  • Michael R. Hamblin and
  • Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

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  • ), are great candidates for ADV because they have low cytotoxicity and low solubility in aqueous media. In the last decade, ADV has been employed for vessel occlusion therapy, drug delivery, HIFU, tissue lesion formation, and molecular imaging [128][129]. Previous studies showed that a combination of two
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Published 11 Aug 2021

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

  • Gabriel M. Misirli,
  • Kishore Sridharan and
  • Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

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  • inhibit virus replication by binding to and regulating cellular and viral proteins and RNAs [114]. Studies indicate that AgNPs did not affect cellular viability, according to mitochondrial cytotoxicity tests, or plasma membrane integrity. Interestingly, they exhibited potent ability to activate
  • Castillo et al. verified the interaction between AgNPs and macrophages and they saw that these NPs remained intact, with no evidence of AgNPs dissolution or cytotoxicity. Once inside the cells, and after 24 h of exposure, the nanoparticles remained at approximately the same size they were before incubation
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Published 14 May 2021

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

  • Nikola Geskovski,
  • Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
  • Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
  • Marija Glavas Dodov,
  • Kristina Mladenovska and
  • Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

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  • authors noticed that the cytotoxicity of folate-functionalized liposomes was greater in FR positive cell lines and that the effect could be blocked through the addition of 1 mM folic acid. Additionally, the authors revealed that the functionalized carriers increased the median survival of the mouse
  • of action, mAbs against EGFR competitively inhibit ligands, promote receptor internalization, and prolong downregulation induction. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and, to a lesser extent, complement-mediated cytotoxicity are the mechanisms of the therapeutic action of mAbs [71]. Used
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Published 29 Apr 2021

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

  • Uzma Azeem Awan,
  • Abida Raza,
  • Shaukat Ali,
  • Rida Fatima Saeed and
  • Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

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  • be obtained by utilizing external stimuli, such as pH value, light, or ultrasound, to deliver the anti-cancerous drug into tumor tissue with spatial and temporal control [14]. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging minimally invasive cancer therapy. It can efficiently induce cytotoxicity by
  • treatments. Regardless of the various beneficial properties, GNRs have limitations in clinical applications due to the cytotoxicity of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which acts as a template in the synthesis process of GNRs [17]. Different polymers can be used to coat GNRs to enhance
  • concentrations (0.5–2 µg/mL) and higher cytotoxicity compared to free DOX was observed. However, no significant difference was reported at a higher concentration of 5 µg/mL. 68.5% and 62.4% of cells was killed by the DOX@PSS-Au NR conjugate and free DOX, respectively. To achieve significant cytotoxicity with the
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Published 31 Mar 2021

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

  • Sahar Pourhoseini,
  • Reilly T. Enos,
  • Angela E. Murphy,
  • Bo Cai and
  • Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

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  • . Cytotoxicity, using LDH and MTS assays and based on exposure concentrations was not significantly different when comparing NPs and Ag ions. Based on differential uptake, AgNPs were more toxic after normalizing toxicity to the amount of cellular Ag uptake. Our data highlights the importance of correct synthesis
  • anti-inflammatory cytokines. Despite the increased usage of and the likely increased exposure to AgNPs, there is a lack of quantitative analysis of bio-uptake and potential cytotoxicity in PBMCs after exposure to well-characterized AgNPs. A number of studies have investigated the bioavailability and
  • cytotoxicity of AgNPs using different cell lines and rodent models [7][21][22][23]. However, some of these cell lines are resistant to toxicity effects that may be induced by AgNPs [24]. Furthermore, there are only a few studies on the bio-uptake and exposure of AgNPs in human PBMCs [25][26][27][28][29][30][31
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Published 24 Mar 2021

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

  • Barbora Svitkova,
  • Vlasta Zavisova,
  • Veronika Nemethova,
  • Martina Koneracka,
  • Miroslava Kretova,
  • Filip Razga,
  • Monika Ursinyova and
  • Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

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  • surface-modified MNPs was 2 mM. RITC-BSA-SO-MNPS were diluted in a phenol-free medium to avoid interference. MTT assay The cytotoxicity of MNPs and endocytic inhibitors in A549 cells was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay following the protocol by
  • -buffered saline (PBS). Basic physicochemical properties of surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles. Inhibitors of endocytosis and cytoskeleton dynamics. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 52: Expression of clathrin and caveolin, cytotoxicity of MNPs and endocytic inhibitors, time-lap
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Published 23 Mar 2021

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

  • Sandra Senyo Fometu,
  • Guohua Wu,
  • Lin Ma and
  • Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

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  • in order to deal with foreign cells. Quantum dots have unique optical properties that are used in biological imaging [147][148][149][150]. They are also known for their size-dependent cytotoxicity [151][152]. Silkworms were subjected to doses of 32 mM of CdTe QDs, 1 µg/µL of citric acid–nitrogen
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Published 12 Feb 2021

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

  • Cynthia Kembuan,
  • Helena Oliveira and
  • Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

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  • effect is less significant for negatively charged particles. Cell cycle analyses with amino-functionalized particles also confirm that thicker silica shells reduce cytotoxicity. Thus, growing silica shells to a sufficient thickness is a simple approach to minimize the cytotoxicity of UCNPs. Keywords
  • : cytotoxicity; ion release; RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line; silica coating; upconversion nanoparticles; Introduction Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) convert excitation radiation with long wavelengths to a short-wavelength emission. Since biological molecules do not have an upconversion mechanism, imaging
  • ], or when ions forming lanthanide salts with a low solubility (such as phosphates) are present [10][20][24], which is relevant for their application in physiological solutions. The cytotoxicity of F− ions is in the range of a few millimoles per liter [25][26]. The release of F− ions can induce
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Published 08 Jan 2021
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