Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• therapeutic index. The use of nanomaterials has increased nowadays for more specific drug targeting and delivery, slowing down the dissolution rate of drugs, increasing therapeutic efficacy with the minimum dosage, and also by ceasing the premature loss of drugs through rapid clearance. Additionally, the

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• ; this parameter is well determined by the first derivative of the curves from Figure 4b. This feature allows one to distinguish qualitatively the analytes. This behavior can be explained by the rapid dissolution of the necks (“bridges”) between neighboring particles that occur during CCA assembly and

• aliphatic solvents, the initial color of the sensor changes, associated with the degradation of the CCA. It should be noted that benzene, toluene and p-xylene, unlike, for example, n-pentane or n-heptane, can lead to the irreversible destruction of the stimuli-responsive matrix due to dissolution or

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• /bjnano.13.8 Abstract Hemoglobin microparticles (HbMP) produced with a three-step procedure, including coprecipitation of hemoglobin with manganese carbonate, protein cross-linking, and dissolution of the carbonate template were shown to be suitable for application as artificial oxygen carriers. First

• chemically modified, cross-linked, polymerized, or encapsulated by various methods [1][2][3]. We produce biopolymer microparticles as HBOC with the simple coprecipitation–cross-linking–dissolution (CCD) technique while utilizing hemoglobin. Depending on the biopolymer used, there are also various other

• the first step (i.e., coprecipitation) two salt solutions and hemoglobin are mixed. A salt template is created in which hemoglobin is trapped. In the next main step (i.e., cross-linking) the individual hemoglobin molecules are polymerized in the salt template. The third step is dissolution. Dissolving

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

• correlate well with the electronegativity of the cation, such that a descriptor based upon the metal atom electronegativity may reflect catalytic activity due to ions release via dissolution, leading to toxicity via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [60]. However, metal oxides may also result in

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• method [81]. The as-prepared h-BiVO4 structure exhibited high sensitivity towards formaldehyde and ethanol. The formation of hyperbranched structures was found to be a function of different pH values, proton intercalation, and dissolution processes. The sensitivity in case of h-BiVO4 was found to be

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• , cell, or organelle, improving solubility, dissolution rate, and pharmacokinetics [5]. In the case of CUR, the nanosystem size directly influences its biodistribution as demonstrated by Bi et al. [41], who reported differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles when they administered CUR nanosuspension of

• ) and with a dissolution capacity of 98% at 4 h (aqueous solution with 1% SDS, at 37 °C, and 100 rpm). Regarding their pharmacokinetics in vivo (rabbits, 25 mg/kg), it was observed that when the nanocrystal was administered via endotracheal insufflation, the average maximum concentration (Cmax) and the

• , on the other hand, are a combination of two different approaches that include cocrystal preparation and subsequently the nanonization of the obtained cocrystal [54]. The resulting material combines the advantages of cocrystals and nanoscale size to considerably increase solubility, dissolution rate

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• used to accommodate large organic molecules [39][92]. In physiological environments, porous silicon microneedles are capable of biodegradation at a rate of dissolution depending on the chemical nature of their initial surface, the acidity of the solution, and the porosity and morphology of the

• the number of microneedles on the patch and their dissolution characteristics. High cost and complexity of fabrication techniques such as DRIE of silicon and multiple processes associated with the fabrication of hollow polymer microneedles limit their potential for fluid communication in either

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• Information File 1). At this stage, the rods had a length of 5.7 ± 1.8 µm. Rod-like crystal growth by the dissolution of spherical, amorphous nanoparticles had already been suggested by Validžić et al. for similar processes at a higher temperature [20], further supporting this assumption. The rods grew

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• and can be distinguished in aqueous and organic solvent routes [57]. The so-called Weimarn sols are produced by dissolution of sulfur powder in ethanol or acetone-based solutions and the subsequent precipitation of sub-micrometer-size particles in water [57]. The so-called Raffo sols are obtained by a

Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

• Elena O. Gordeeva,
• Ilya V. Roslyakov,
• Alexey P. Leontiev,
• Alexey A. Klimenko and
• Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

• long Cu segments inside the template, and the continuous electrodeposited Cu layer that covers the AAO top surface (Figure 1c). At the final step of NEA formation, the Au segments were opened by selective dissolution of the initially sputtered current collector as well as the short segment of Cu after

• of Cu/Au/Cu segments into the pores of an anodic alumina template with the subsequent selective dissolution of the sputtered Cu current collector and the first Cu segment. The reported design of NEAs allows one to tune the recess of Au nanoelectrodes relative to the AAO surface with high precision

• electrodeposition of the first Cu segment; (b) electrodeposition of the second Au segment; (c) electrodeposition of the third Cu segment until the formation of a continuous Cu layer on the surface of AAO template; (d) turning the AAO template upside down with subsequent selective dissolution of the current

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• for dissolving many species of high polarity, for example, amino acids, metal salts, glycerol, benzoic acid, citric acid, and glucose [26][76]. They are also promising in the dissolution of different polymers, such as starch, cellulose, lignin, chitin, and are also used in the pre-treatment of

• plasmonic metal nanomaterials with controlled size and shape for biological applications. In this way, the presence of the surfactant shall cause minimal or no cytotoxicity while maintaining the integrity of the nanoparticles. The higher degree of solvation observed in DESs leads to the complete dissolution

• of carrageenan and surfactants. The dissolution of several compounds would significantly contribute to a species-rich system with higher conductivity. This unique hybrid model will create a platform for synthesizing n different nanomaterials with combinatorial possibilities of 2n since there are n

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• round bottom flask and stirred until complete dissolution. Then, 640 µL of 4 mg/mL silver nitrate solution were added under vigorous stirring and kept for 4 h in the ultrasonic bath. The resulting silver nanoparticle solution was dialyzed against 2.5 mM sodium citrate and stored at 4 °С. Glass and

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• prepared sonicating 100 g of HNT powder in 400 mL of deionized water (DI) for 20 min at 20 kHz. One suspension, labelled HNT-0, was not treated with NaOH(aq) and was used as a control sample. To the other two suspensions, 200 g of NaOH were added and stirred until complete dissolution, followed by resting

Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension

• Khosro Adibkia,
• Ali Ehsani,
• Asma Jodaei,
• Ezzatollah Fathi,
• Raheleh Farahzadi and
• Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62

• aggregates [34]. Polymer coatings can be used to prevent the NPs from aggregating. In the present study, polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated Ag-NPs were used. Another important aspect of the behavior of Ag-NPs is the rate and degree of the dissolution of Ag-NPs, which depends on their surface functionalization

• , their concentration, and the temperature. There is still disagreement about the dissolution behavior of Ag-NPs [35]. In a study by Loza et al., the dissolution of Ag-NPs was monitored using dialysis bags that were permeable only for Ag ions. Various compounds that are present in biological media were

• added to the immersion medium and dissolution curves were measured [35]. When no oxygen was present, only a very small fraction of Ag was dissolved. In the present of oxidizing agents, such as H2O2, the dissolution rate was clearly increased. The presence of dissolved NaCl, either in pure form or as PBS

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• average velocity for five different ISMEs with hexagram shapes ± s.e.m. (f) Images of MNP-loaded ISMEs performing capture, transportation, and release of cell aggregates, separation following release, and eventually dissolution in response to a change of the pH value. Scale bar: 250 µm. Reproduced from

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

• according to the Stransky–Krastanov growth regime [16][17][18][19], whereas at elevated temperatures such processes are associated with the solid dissolution of the layers of precipitated material [20][21]. Surface EM [22][23] is widely used in the study of thin solid films, for example, for the formation

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• transformation, dissolution, and degradation behaviour of different types of AgNPs were evaluated in systems modelled to represent biological environments relevant for oral administration, as well as in cell culture media and tissue compartments obtained from animal models. A multimethod approach was employed by

• vivo settings. Keywords: animal tissue; biological media; nanoparticle aggregation; nanoparticle dissolution; nanoparticle reformation; silver nanoparticles; Introduction The global consumption of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been steadily increasing in the last decade and estimated to reach over

• will not be retained in biological media [9][10][11][12][13][14]. In biological media, AgNPs may be transformed into different forms by aggregation, agglomeration, dissolution, interaction with biomolecules, or generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may lead to the coexistence of

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• progress. The degradation of electrocatalysts is a highly complex process and it can proceed in accordance with different mechanisms [9]. It has been established that the regression of Pt/C functional characteristics can be associated with different reasons, including the dissolution of small platinum NPs

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• . Solvothermally synthesized nanoceria dissolve in acidic environments, accelerated by carboxylic acids. NM-212 dissolution has been reported to be minimal. To gain insight into the role of high-temperature exposure on nanoceria dissolution, product susceptibility to carboxylic acid-accelerated dissolution, and

• its effect on biological and catalytic properties of nanoceria, the dissolution of NM-212, a solvothermally synthesized nanoceria material, and a calcined form of the solvothermally synthesized nanoceria material (ca. 40, 4, and 40 nm diameter, respectively) was investigated. Two dissolution methods

• were employed. Dissolution of NM-212 and the calcined nanoceria was much slower than that of the non-calcined form. The decreased solubility was attributed to an increased amount of surface Ce4+ species induced by the high temperature. Carboxylic acids doubled the very low dissolution rate of NM-212

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• biomedical applications, such as in therapies that involve magnetic manipulation with photothermal effect promoting a localized bactericidal activity [42][47][48][49]. Properties and oxidative dissolution The oxidative dissolution of AgNPs occurs by the oxidation of silver to silver oxide (Ag2O), with

• release of Ag+ in solution and exposure of unoxidized metallic silver, which may undergo additional oxidation leading to the corrosion of AgNPs [50]. This oxidative dissolution can be influenced by extrinsic factors, such as artificial/solar light and storage temperature as well as by intrinsic factors

• , such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and zeta potential (ZP) [51][52][53]. The storage temperature is a critical factor that controls the percentage of oxidative dissolution of AgNPs. The higher the temperature, the greater the speed of the dissolution reaction [54][55]. Kittler et al. studied the dissolution

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• −1 shows that the values of specific capacity consecutively rise over the theoretical capacity value and are maintained at 1060 mAh·g−1 after 100th cycle. This phenomenon is well known for different transition metal oxide electrodes and is usually ascribed to the reversible formation/dissolution of a

Exploring the fabrication and transfer mechanism of metallic nanostructures on carbon nanomembranes via focused electron beam induced processing

• Christian Preischl,
• Linh Hoang Le,
• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 319–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.26

• without any changes, aside from oxidation. Here we demonstrate that iron as well as cobalt oxide structures on top of a cross-linked SAM on Ag/mica do change more significantly. The Fe(NO3)3 solution used for etching of the Ag layer also dissolves the cobalt oxide structures and causes dissolution and

• etching of the Au layer a solution of KI/I2/H2O is used, whereas for the dissolution of Ag a solution of Fe(NO3)3 is necessary. The SAM was cross-linked into a CNM by using a flood gun employing 100 eV electrons and an electron dose of 60 mC/cm2 after the EBID structures were fabricated. Before removing

• oxidation [21], the transfer of a SAM/CNM grown on Ag induces more significant changes to the deposit. One main difference of the transfer process is that for the dissolution of the Ag layer the sample is exposed to a Fe(NO3)3 solution overnight, whereas the Au layer can be etched away with a KI/I2/H2O

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• human cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)). AgNPs were synthesized in-house and characterized using a multimethod approach. Results indicated the transformation of NPs in RPMI medium with a change in size and polydispersity over 24 h of exposure due to dissolution and reprecipitation. No

• concentration of 1000 µg·L−1, with the remainder lost to surfaces such as containers or filter membranes. To confirm the results in the medium, and to compare the dissolution in RPMI and UHPW, the dissolution test was repeated using AgNO3 in UHPW and RPMI medium at two concentrations (500 and 1000 µg·L−1

• of NPs are related to Ostwald ripening of NPs [36], as evidenced in our STEM results. The subsequent reduction in size is explained as further transformations that are dominated by dissolution [36]. UV–vis spectroscopy data suggest some aggregation and possible shape changes after reprecipitation at

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9