Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• the mechanical properties of Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs). In this work, we investigated the elastic modulus of individual β-Ga2O3 NWs using two distinct techniques – in-situ scanning electron microscopy resonance and three-point bending in atomic force microscopy. The structural and morphological properties

• finely controllable β-Ga2O3 NW synthesis methods and detailed post-examination of their mechanical properties before considering their application in future nanoscale devices. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; elastic modulus; gallium oxide; mechanical properties; nanowire; scanning electron microscopy

• peaks are associated with monoclinic β-Ga2O3 (ICDD-PDF #41–1103), as indicated in Figure 1a, while the Bragg peak at around 33 degrees corresponds to the Si substrate (forbidden Si(200) reflection). Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study the inner crystalline structure of

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• incorporation into k-CG hydrogel beads. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements The actual mean size of the synthesized makura-shaped nanoparticles was calculated in terms of length/width aspect ratio. Figure 4 shows transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force

• scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) of the powdered form of AuNM, as shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4. Growth mechanism in AuNMs during seed-mediated synthesis Seed-mediated synthesis approach has been adopted in the present work which is quite

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• temperature to generate ionized particles. These ionized species interact with the ceramic crystal of TiN, resulting in a pronounced structural expansion. The exfoliated TiN products were comprehensively characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy

• cellulose acetate membrane with 200 nm pores. The process was concluded by drying to obtain the TiN nanosheets. The flowchart of the synthesis procedure is shown in Figure 1. The morphology of the exfoliated material was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a Jeol JEM-2100 electron

• the same exfoliation method. These combined findings highlight the structural changes during the non-thermal plasma exfoliation process, further supporting the successful transformation of bulk TiN into nanosheets. Figure 3 shows high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of TiN

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• stick insect Medauroidea extradentata using scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, light microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our observations revealed structural differences between both attachment pads, reflecting their distinct functionality. Furthermore, our results

• relatively large adhesive organs that bear no further surface microstructures [47][55][56] and because the droplet morphology of its tarsal secretion has been recently analysed [28][38][47][55][56]. Combining different imaging techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning

• , Germany) with 40× and 100× lenses. The images were processed using Adobe Photoshop (version CS6; Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). Scanning electron microscopy Tarsi of M. extradentata were cut from adult females and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in PBS for 24 h. Then, they were washed two times with

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• -Omicron, operated at 9.8 K. We use commercial qPlus sensors purchased from Scienta-Omicron. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures of one of these probes are shown in Figure 1. SEM analysis was performed with a Zeiss GeminiSEM 500 ultrahigh-resolution FESEM at 15 kV. Secondary electron detection was

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• solubility limit its functionality. In this study, radiofrequency- (RF) enhanced responsive nanoflowers (NFs), containing superparamagnetic ferric oxide nanoclusters (Fe3O4 NCs), – CUR layer, – and MnO2 (CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs), were verified to have a thermal therapeutic effect. Transmission electron microscopy

• ), and CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Figure 2a–c). The sizes of Fe3O4 NCs, CUR-Fe NPs, and CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs were 50.72 ± 10.16 nm, 94.00 ± 12.21 nm, and 96.27 ± 19.14 nm, respectively. The Fe3O4 NCs surface coating can be seen in Figure 1b, indicating that CUR

• CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs were collected by magnetic separation and washed 3 times with deionized water. Characterization of the synthesized nanomaterials The morphology and size of Fe3O4 NCs, CUR-Fe NPs, and CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs were determined via transmission electron microscopy (Tecnai F20, FEI, USA). The TEM

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• produced material is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while its crystalline and optical qualities are assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. We demonstrate possibilities for controlling the composition and the crystallographic

• sensor applications. Keywords: aeromaterial; crystallographic structure; luminescence; physical vapor transport; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); X-ray diffraction (XRD); Introduction Porous materials represent a class of solid-state networks widely used in adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, vibrating-sample magnetometry, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. Cobalt ferrite crystals of around 8–10 nm and

• Tristar-3030 system (Micromeritics, USA). The magnetic properties were measured on a Micro Sense vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and energy-dispersive X-ray elemental mapping (EDX mapping) were carried out on a Hitachi S-4800 FESEM

• (Japan). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) observation was performed with a JEM 1010. The intermediates in the MB degradation were determined by using an Agilent 1100 LC/MS-MS system with an electron spray ionization source combined with an ion trap. Synthesis of CoFe2O4, CoFe2O4

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• formulation in the transdermal delivery system. Scanning electron microscopy images of commercial DCS (A) and DCS nanocrystals (B). The X-ray powder diffraction spectra of DCD nanocrystal and commercial DCS. The pH stability test of DCS in neutral (pH 7.4) and acidic (pH 1.2) environments (p < 0.01). In vitro

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• by etching with water and it is shown, using transmission electron microscopy imaging, that the sidewall angle can be tuned from outward to inward by controlling the etch position on the sidewall. A surprising under-etching due to the emission of secondary electrons from the deposit was observed

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• process, fragmentation in either adhered or suspended parts can dominate. Experiments were supported by finite element method and molecular dynamics simulations. Keywords: diffusion; finite element method; heat treatment; molecular dynamics simulations; morphological changes; scanning electron microscopy

• the results from the scheme 1. Approximately one hour waiting time between cycles was chosen to give enough time for taking series of scanning electron microscopy (SEM, FEI, Nanosem 450) images after each heating cycle. Additionally, a separate series of transmission electron microscopy (TEM

Insect attachment on waxy plant surfaces: the effect of pad contamination by different waxes

• Elena V. Gorb and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 385–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.35

• ) were tested. Scanning electron microscopy To visualize the waxy plant surfaces and attachment devices in the C. fastuosa male beetle in both clean and contaminated conditions, scanning electron microscopy was employed. For plant surfaces, small (ca. 1 cm2) pieces of plant organs were used. In the case

• , experiments with all waxy plant surfaces (d.f. = 44) and (2) data obtained from five test insects on each plant surface separately (d.f. = 4). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of waxy plant surfaces in the young stem of Acer negundo (a) and adaxial (upper) leaf sides of Aloe vera (b), Aquilegia

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• using atomic force microscopy, and induced damage profiles inside Si and Ge by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. The ripple wavelength was found to scale with ion fluence, and energetic ions created more defects inside Si as compared to that of Ge. Although

• electron microscopy; Introduction Scientific research varying from electronics to photonics, homeland security, high-resolution parallel patterning of magnetic media, biotechnology, and medicine are based upon nanotechnology. These applications require nanopatterning techniques to fabricate devices or

• microscopy (AFM) [3] and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it is possible to visualize these features. Formation of dots, ripples, and pits have been well studied using IBS [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In the last few decades, numerous efforts have been made to understand IBS through simulations [10] as well as

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• device fabrication, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the devices during the fabrication process are presented in Supporting Information File 1. In most reported works, the nanowires were deposited in all pores of the AAO templates [18][19][20][21]. Additional etching steps or coating

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• regulatory classification for some of the samples tested. The electron microscopy results published here are supported by results from other complementary methods including surface area measurements. It is the intention of this publication to contribute to an ongoing discussion on size measurements of TiO2

• pigments and other particulate materials and advance the development of widely acceptable, precise, and reproducible measurement protocols for measuring the number-based PSDs of particulate products in the size range of TiO2 pigments. Keywords: electron microscopy; nanomaterials definition; number-based

• critical. Among the methods used to determine particle size distributions, the evaluation of particle sizes from electron microscopy (EM) images is considered as a confirmatory method for correct classification [3]. In the case of monomodal particle distributions, this method is straightforward [4

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• with PDMS. Parts of the experimental procedure are shown in Figure S6 (Supporting Information File 1). Characterization The surface morphology of the samples prepared in this study was examined through the utilization of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (TESCAN MIRA3, Czech Republic) and an optical

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• nanotechnology [1][2][3][4][5]. Compared to optical and electron microscopy, AFM enables three-dimensional (3D) measurements of nanostructures in air and liquid environments [6]. The interaction between the tip and sample influences the measurement results of AFM by convoluting the tip topography with the sample

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• , ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, BP 5133, 14070, Caen cedex 5, France Electron Microscopy Center, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Vídenská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.15.20 Abstract DNA origami nanostructures are emerging as a bottom-up

• supported by the Czech Science Foundation, Project No. 21-26601X. We also acknowledge the Electron Microscopy Core Facility, IMG ASCR - Prague supported by the MEYS CR (LM2018129 Czech-BioImaging) and ERDF (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001775) for the use of the FIB-SEM. L.S. finally acknowledges support

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• studies: A) optical microscopy, B) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), C) AFM, and D) correlative probe and electron microscopy (CPEM). The optical contrast of graphene placed onto SiO2/Si allows us to easily distinguish between its mono-, bi-, triple, and thicker flakes layers. The values (approx. 2.5 nm

• that with certain precautions water-assisted FEBIE can be applied for such a nanopatterning process. The experimental data obtained with scanning Raman spectroscopy, correlative probe and electron microscopy, and in situ AFM measurements provide a comprehensive image of FEBIE etch profiles. In addition

• different microscopy methods: A) optical microscopy; B) SEM; C) AFM of the lines etched using different dwell times: i) 1 μs, ii) 10 μs, and iii) 100 μs. D) Correlative probe and electron microscopy composed from the correlated signals of SEM and AFM analysis. The inset shows the AFM scan profile over

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• were performed in both 0.1× PBS (13.7 mM of NaCl, 0.27 mM of KCl, 1 mM of Na2HPO4, and 0.18 mM of KH2PO4, pH 7.4) and animal cell culture media containing DMEM and 10% FBS. Scanning electron microscopy For scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments, 10 μL of F127-folate@NP was loaded on the silica

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD results showed the appearance of an amorphous region of silica particles at a diffraction angle of 22°. The formation of silica was

• gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the samples was performed on a TA Q500 instrument. The temperature was increased at a heating rate of 10 °C /min from room temperature to 900 °C in air atmosphere. The morphology of the DPNR/GO-VTES was observed with field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) performed

• efficiently attached to GO, and the attachment was more efficient in basic conditions rather than acidic conditions. Scanning electron microscopy images Figure 8 shows SEM images for GO-VTES(a) and GO-VTES(b). As can be seen, silica was produced with a size of approx. 50 nm for GO-VTES(a) and GO-VTES(b). It

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• anodization were confirmed using post-production spectroscopic ellipsometry, showing 1–2 nm variation (standard deviation) within each sample. The process is inherently non-invasive and eliminates the need for slicing the sample to measure thickness, as one might do with electron microscopy, for instance

• materials in phase 2. A simulated annealing fitting algorithm was employed. The PAAO structure (Figure 1a) was confirmed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM-4800, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). The relationship between thickness measurements using SEM and optical interferometry has been

• Innovation Program under TRANSLATE project (Grant agreement: 964251). A. J. acknowledges support from European Regional Development Fund for postdoctoral project ”Patterned hybrid multilayer films for optical sensors” (no. 1.1.1.2/VIAA/4/20/615). (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph showing top

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of ZnO NPs (70 nm) on R. sativus grown in coir was evaluated. The application of 1,000 mg/L of ZnO NPs resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in soluble protein content, carbohydrates, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), chlorophyll b

• synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized via several techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid-UV–vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then the potential phytotoxicity of the synthesized ZnO NPs

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• aqueous media [37]. According to NTA measurements, the Cym-NE particle size was 145.7 ± 7.7 nm, while the Myr-NE particle size was 126.4 ± 5.6 nm, confirming the nanometric droplet size. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) is one of the most

• deviation. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy The nanoemulsions were mounted onto a copper grid with lacy carbon film (300 mesh). The acquisition was carried out with a MET Talos Arctica G2 apparatus. In vitro terpene release profile The in vitro release assays were conducted assuring sink

• ), solvent control (5% ethanol, SC), and NE control (Cym-B and Myr-B). Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy of (A) Cym-NE and (B) Myr-NE. The in vitro drug release of nanoemulsions (Cym-NE, Myr-NE) and free terpenes (Cym-Sol and Myr-Sol). Kaplan–Meier survival curve of G. mellonella exposed to (A) Cym

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• E. coli was successfully detected using the developed colorimetric sensor. The sensor offers a straightforward, sensitive, and dependable method for detecting pathogens and ensuring water safety. Results and Discussion Characterization of Ag/Pt NPL and apt-NPL Field-emission scanning electron

• microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to investigate the form and shapes of NPLs. The size of the NPLs is approx. 42 nm. Figure 1a shows a combination of truncated triangular and circular plates of Ag/Pt NPLs. The NPLs were evenly distributed and shaped in the form of discs or triangles. Energy-dispersive X-ray