Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• bioactivity. Thus, the encapsulation efficiency is improved compared to the approach using a direct contact of cells in a silica matrix. Encapsulated yeast produced ethanol over a period of several days, pointing out the useful biocatalytic potential of the approach and suggesting further optimization of the

• has been studied, the poor performance in terms of desired features for a biophotocatalytic application (poor transparency and reduced long-term biological or physical stability) has led us to discard them from a more intensive study. Ethanol production of encapsulated yeast The biological production

• of ethanol from the biohybrid yeast–silica-based materials has been qualitatively studied to assess the biocatalytic potential of the system. One of the key aims of our research is to study whether an encapsulation system can be used to easily recover secreted metabolites of interest from outside the

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• buffer, dehydrated in ascending ethanol concentrations, and finally embedded in an Epon-Araldite resin mixture (Sigma-Aldrich). Afterwards, ultrathin sections were cut using a Leica EM UC6 ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystem GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), collected on formvar-coated copper grids, and examined

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• [51]. Several PLGA-based products have been released to the pharmaceutical market (e.g., Lupron Depot®) [1][25][29][52]. Fornaguera et al. [53] produced nanoemulsions from a mixture of poly(oxyethylene)(20) sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) as surfactant, a 4 wt % solution of PLGA in ethanol/ethyl

• wt % PLGA in ethyl acetate/ethanol) (O) system were functionalized with a cell-penetrating peptide (Tat) using carbodiimide chemistry [57]. The hydrodynamic diameter ranged from 48 to 65 nm depending on the Tat fraction. The functionalized nanoparticles showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity on Hela and

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• of ethanol. Although SiBP contains an N-terminal serine and two arginine residues, it does not contain histidine, aspartic acid, or another residue that can act as a H bond acceptor for serine. However, serine residues can form hydrogen bonds among themselves. Therefore, one can speculate that a

• properties of the SiBP are shown in Table 1. Synthesis of SiO2 particles The particles were synthesized based on the method described by Stöber and co-workers [42]. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) (Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA) was used as the precursor, a 1:1 mixture of ethanol/deionized water was used as

• the solvent, and NH3 (Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc, Waltham, MA, USA) was used as the catalyst. Briefly, the Stöber process involves hydrolysis of an alkoxysilane precursor, such as TEOS, in alcohol (typically methanol or ethanol) in the presence of a catalyst. This is followed by ethanol or water

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• CQDs/PU samples were dipped in a solution of TEMP in ethanol at a concentration of 30 mM and irradiated with a 3 W blue LED for 12 h. Time-resolved near-infrared luminescence of O2 (1Δg) at 1270 nm after excitation by Quantel Q-smart 450 Nd YAG laser (wavelength of 355 nm, pulse length of ca. 5 ns) was

• exponential function excluding the initial part influenced by light scattering, fluorescence, and the formation of singlet oxygen from excited states of CQDs. Singlet oxygen generation was investigated by UV–vis probe measurements of solutions of 1,3- diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) ethanol (20 µM) as well [52

• were washed with ethanol and sterilized by UV irradiation for 30 min. The samples were divided into two groups, that is, one group used as control to check bacterial viability and another group exposed to blue light for different periods of time. 0.2 mL of a bacterial suspension of 6 × 105 cells/mL was

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• -controlled patch-to-particle size ratio (PPSR) into dimers, trimers, tetramers, and spherical micelles at a low incubation time in mixtures of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ethanol [32]. Here, we extend the study to 1-PSN with smaller PPSR values and to the use of another poor solvent for the PS patch (i.e

• previous work on the assembly of 1-PSN with larger PPSR ranging from 0.69 to 1.54 in a THF/ethanol mixture has shown that colloids with a low aggregation number (e.g., dimers, trimers, tetramers, and spherical micelles) could be obtained at a low incubation time. Also, the higher the PPSR value, the more

• these micelles evolve into larger objects over long incubation periods. They elongated in the form of chains for PPSR = 0.87 or extended into bilayers for PPSR = 1.18 or 1.54 [32]. Here, we first tried to assemble 1-PSN with PPSR ranging from 0.23 to 0.57 in THF/ethanol mixtures. Figure 4a shows that

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• Grove, PA, USA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 10× phosphate buffered saline (PBS, contains 1.37 M NaCl, 0.027 M KCl, 0.10 M Na2HPO4, and 0.018 M KH2PO4) were purchased from Bioman Scientific Co., Ltd. (Taipei, Taiwan). Ethanol (99.5 wt %), acetone (99.5 wt %), and isopropanol (99.9 wt %) were

• -covered Au substrate, the Au surface was immersed in a 2 μM ethanolic TEG thiol solution or 1 mM ethanolic MCU solution for overnight. After SAM formation, the substrates were washed with ethanol to remove excess thiol molecules and blown dry with nitrogen gas. To make PDMS stamps for CLL operation, a 10

• molecules into the post-chemical lift-off regions. After 1 h of incubation, the substrate was washed with ethanol, treated with BSA (10 mg/mL in PBS buffer) for 5 min, transferred into a streptavidin solution (50 μg/mL in PBS buffer) for 20 min, followed by FITC-labeled anti-streptavidin antibody solution

Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

• approximately 10 mm × 20 mm, and ultrasonically cleaned in ethanol. Subsequently, a 30 nm thick Au electrode was deposited by resistance-heating evaporation using a crucible in a vacuum chamber. A polyurethane-coated Cu wire (25 μm diameter) was used as a mask to pattern the electrode shapes, as shown in Figure

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• without exposure to room atmosphere between cycles of formation of different layers. Glass or oxidized silicon were used as substrates. The substrates were preliminarily cleaned in ethanol and distilled water in an ultrasonic bath. The surfaces were hydrophilized by treating the substrates with

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• explain clearly the difference between these composite materials Experimental Materials and chemicals Chemicals and materials for the synthesis and characterization include Ti foil (1 cm × 2 cm), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), DI water, acetone ((CH3)2CO), ethanol (C2H5OH), ammonium

• synthesized as described earlier [39][40][41]. To combine with TNAs, 5 mg of MoS2 or g-C3N4 powder was dispersed in 2 mL of a solution containing 50 vol % ethanol and 50 vol % nafion solution as described in [40]. The solution was stirred for 30 min before ultrasonic treatment for 3 h to obtain a homogeneous

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• , filtered, and washed. Subsequently, the precipitate was dried in an oven at 80 °C for 24 h and then ground and calcined at 900 °C for 2 h. The nanoscale crystallite size of the obtained HAP was about 62 nm. The HAG powder was obtained using Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and P2O5 (Merck) as precursors and ethanol as

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• appears to be the primary problem and requires the addition of a co-solvent and/or a surfactant (ethanol/polysorbate 80) to the formulations [32][36]. However, results such as acute hypersensitivity reactions and decreased clinical efficacy have been reported due to auxiliary components such as Cremophor

• centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 15 min. The drug-containing supernatant was separated and stored. To prevent methodological drug loss, 1 mL of ethanol was added to the precipitate and the same procedure was repeated. Then, the first and second supernatants were mixed. The supernatant was analyzed and the amount

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• ) in ultrapure aqueous solution, Pent solution in ethanol (green line, 52.5 µg/mL) d = 0.2 cm. (C) Size distribution (or DH) of nanoGS (red line) and nanoGSP (purple line) in a molar ratio of CD/Pent 1:1 in ultrapure water at 25 °C. Informative changes evidenced in the range of 3.2–4.2 ppm and 60.04

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

• Roopakala Kottayi,
• Ilangovan Veerappan and
• Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

• (GaCl3), sulfur powder (S), 1-dodecanethiol (DDTh), ʟ-cysteine, copper(II) chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), titanium isisopropoxide (TIP), glycerol, oleylamine (OAM), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine (NMP), chloroform, acetonitrile, ethanol, and methanol were purchased from

Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

• Anthony J. Cobos and
• Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

• Health). Toe pad area was measured from the scansors bearing setae following previous methods [47]. Following toepad area measures, each toe was bisected sagittally and then stored in 100% ethanol for subsequent SEM imaging. The toes were removed from the ethanol and placed into a critical-point drying

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• different weights were performed and the mean values and the standard deviation were calculated for every sample class. Between the measurements, the samples were cleaned with 80% ethanol. The measured values of the peel-off forces per unit length needed for the LIPSS-covered and polished samples are listed

• laboratory before being frozen at −20 °C. Jamberoo johnnoblei (Gray & Smith, 2008) was captured in the wild at Mt. Wilson (Australia) and kept in the laboratory before preserving the species in 70% ethanol. Specimen of Hickmania troglodytes (Higgins & Petterd, 1883) preserved in 70% ethanol were kindly

• provided by the Australian Museum (Sydney, Australia). The fourth leg, bearing the calamistrum, was removed from the ethanol-preserved specimens, dried in an ascending ethanol series, which was finally substituted by hexamethyldisilazane. After evaporation, the specimens were gold-sputtered (Hummer

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• does it generate catalyst patterns in advance. In order to proceed safely and cost-effectively, the method uses mainly ethanol as the carbon source with a 4% flow gravity of hydrogen gas. Notably, using this tip array allows the growth method to be further optimized to produce the highest percentage of

• ethanol solvent. The colloidal particles in the suspension can self-assemble into two- and three-dimensional colloidal crystals of various shapes under certain conditions. In the process of self-assembly, such fibrous colloidal crystals are small in size and usually micrometer in length due to the weak

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (d) Single-walled carbon nanotubes convert collected energy into voltage output with repeatability. (e) An image of a suspended SWNT rope. (f) Schematic diagram of an ethanol evaporation energy collection device. Figure 1d–f were reproduced from [44], Liu, Z. et al

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• coated the microneedle matrix with a mixture of the drug with PVP and ethanol. Then, after evaporation of the solvent and solidification of the polymer with the drug, demolding was performed. In vivo studies on an animal model (rat) showed rapid in vitro drug release with 93% accumulative release at 2 h

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• two types were obtained based on the difference in solubility in ethanol. The ones that were soluble in ethanol were called “CDs-A” and the insoluble ones were called “CDs-B”. Different characterizations were carried out that revealed that the surfaces of these two CDs have different functional groups

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• -lined steel autoclave and heated at 110 °C for 24 h. The orange solid product collected by centrifugation was rinsed by deionized water and ethanol for several times to remove unreacted substances, dried at 60 °C for 10 h in a vacuum oven, and ground to obtain Bi2O3/MIL101(Fe) composites. The as

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• extract [21]. To prevent contamination, propolis was only handled wearing gloves cleaned with ethanol (Rotipuran®, ≥99.8%, p.a., Carl Roth GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany). Insects Adult worker bees (Apis mellifera) were collected in gardens in Kiel (Germany) in July 2019 and immediately used for

• experiment, a small amount of homogenised propolis powder was defrosted and kneaded into a homogeneous mass. Cone-shaped propolis samples with a spherical tip were subsequently formed by hand wearing ethanol-cleaned gloves (Figure 1C). The topography of the sample was analysed using a 3D optical profilometer

• % ethanol, Carl Roth GmbH & Co. KG), or acetone (Rotipuran® ≥99.8%, p. a. ACS ISO, Carl Roth GmbH & Co. KG) for 5 min followed by 5 min washing with distilled water. Distilled water was used as an agent for removing hydrophilic substances from the surface of bee mandibles. Chloroform and acetone are known

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• wet paper towel in a petri dish to achieve 100% relative air humidity. The germination success of 100 conidia on the different surfaces was examined using a digital microscope (VHX-600 DSO, Keyence, Osaka, Japan). Leaf pieces were cut and decolorized with ethanol/acetic acid (3:1, v/v) for 24 h until

• the leaves were bleached. For this purpose, the leaf pieces were placed on papers soaked with the ethanol/acetic acid mixture. To fix the structures, the leaf pieces were then transferred to papers soaked with lactoglycerol (lactic acid/glycerol/H2O, 1:1:1.3, v/v/v; lactic acid: ≥95% ʟ-(+)-lactic acid

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• precursor for VOCs combustion [32], hydrogen production from ethanol [33], hydrocarbon fuels production from CO2 and H2O [34], syngas production from dry reforming [35], steam reforming of methane [36], or combined reforming of methane with CO2 and O2 [37]. Meanwhile, LaNiO3 photocatalysts also played an

• . Baker Chemicals. Ethanol (95.0%, C2H5OH) was purchased from Echo Chemical. Hydrochloric acid (>37%, HCl) and hydrogen peroxide (50%, H2O2) were acquired from Honeywell Research Chemicals and OCI company, respectively. Model compounds, including methylene blue (≥98.0%, MB, C16H18N3SCl) and tetracycline

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• . antarctica plant, which are usually exposed to the environment, using cryo scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) allowing for a high-resolution imaging of frozen and fractured samples in native condition, that is, without treatment in strong solvents, such as ethanol or acetone, usually needed in the