Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• sol–gel methods, as well as pre-synthesised yolk–shell bionanohybrids have been studied subsequently. Optical microscopy and SEM confirm that the silica shell microstructures provide a reduced contact between cells. The inorganic matrix increases the survival of the cells and maintains their

• , by inorganic components generated by sol–gel processes from silicon alkoxides is an illustrative example of biohybrids that display the extraordinary functionality inherent to the assembled living components. For instance, bacteria such as Escherichia coli maintain their metabolic activity entrapped

• microorganisms indicate strong limitations to an effective encapsulation. Hence, we explored the use of silica gel-based systems considering the good results previously published on the encapsulation of microorganisms using silica-based chemistry [1][2]. Thus, silica gels with low sodium content were prepared by

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• and Gong discuss the organization of gels [103]. Specifically, they outline a unique anisotropic hydrogel consisting of uniaxially aligned lamellar bilayers in an amorphous gel matrix. This gel organization exhibits a beautiful structural color that is sensitive to mechanical and chemical stimuli. The

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• techniques have been developed to synthesise 3-D Bi-based nanostructures with different morphologies, including solvothermal/hydrothermal and sol–gel processes, mechanical exfoliation, solid-state reactions, chemical vapour deposition, and microwave-assisted techniques [106]. These 3-D photocatalysts have

• . The final product might have some impurities, relatively large particles, and only a small degree of homogeneity. Large volumes of nanopowder can be produced using a relatively simple apparatus via solid-state routes. Wet-chemical methods (such as electrospinning, sol–gel, hydrothermal, ultrasound, co

• pure Bi2WO6 (82.8%), the dopant significantly increased the tetracycline-degrading activity, which reached 94.6% within 1 h of visible light irradiation. Additionally, Irfan et al. [148] used a bi-solvent sol–gel technique to synthesise porous bismuth ferrite nanostructures with various morphological

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• , indicating highly monodisperse (PDI < 0.080) particles. At all concentrations, the particles were organized into a branched fibrillar network, which is characteristic to the gel state of colloidal SiO2 (Figure 2) [26]. Colloidal gels are formed when colloidally suspended particles form a branched fibrillar

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• adapted with permission from [14]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Characterization of membrane-encapsulated NPs. (A) Gel electrophoresis analysis showed that liver cancer biomimetic nanoparticles (a) basically retained and transferred the extracted

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• cellulose chains were functionalized with β-CyD, and hydrogels were prepared by adding connector molecules bearing two arylazopyrazole groups at the ends [53]. Without photoirradiation, the arylazopyrazoles are stably accommodated in the cavities of β-CyD groups, and thus the gel is well crosslinked and

• very stiff. Upon photoirradiation, however, the crosslinkings for the gel formation are broken almost completely, releasing the encapsulated drugs (e.g., DOX as anticancer drug). 2.3 Upconversion nanoparticles to release drugs by near-infrared light As an external stimulus for DDSs, near-infrared (NIR

• molecules were threaded into the polymer chains) [87]. NIR light (808 nm) was absorbed by graphene oxide and converted into heat for photothermal therapy. At the same time, the heat induces the gel–sol transition of the hydrogel to release the encapsulated drug which add to the photothermal effect for

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• difficult to implement and tend to cause NP self-aggregation. In situ methods are therefore generally preferred and typically require the polymer film surface to be treated with a metal precursor solution (layer-by-layer [37][38], sol–gel [39]) before undergoing thermal [40] or chemical reduction reactions

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• novel approach to disperse and extract small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using an aqueous solution of riboflavin and Sephacryl gel. The extraction of small-diameter semiconducting SWCNTs was observed, regardless of the initial diameter distribution of the SWCNTs. Dispersion of

• between the SWCNTs and gel media. Our experimental findings are supported by ab initio calculations demonstrating the impact of the riboflavin wrapping pattern around the SWCNTs on their interaction with the allyl dextran gel. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; photoluminescence spectroscopy; riboflavin; size

• exclusive gel chromatography; SWCNT extraction; Introduction The unique physical and chemical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) promise multiple high-end applications varying from biomedicine to photonics and electronics [1][2][3]. Rapid technology development and growing demand for

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• ) × 103 without the formation of a gel fraction have been found. A model image of the structural unit of the PDP polymer is shown in Figure 1a. Polymers of this class are soluble in organic solvents and have exceptional film-forming properties [5][6]. According to these results, continuous homogeneous

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• ) nanocomposite by sol–gel method for visible-light-induced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution [8]. The photocatalyst consisted of dense TiO2 particles covering functionalized MWNTs and exhibited good photoactivity under visible light (λ > 420 nm), but the photoelectrochemical water splitting showed a low hydrogen

• nanocomposites as photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Furthermore, the preparation of TiO2/MWCNTs nanocomposite derived from TiO2 precursors and functionalized MWCMTs for photoelectrochemical water splitting is based on complicated and time-consuming hydrothermal and sol–gel methods

• , in which the TiO2 particles are uniformly attached to CNTs by layer-by-layer coating or sol–gel methods [15][16][17]. Notably, the defects on the wall surface of MWCNTs, which enable π–π interactions, could be the active sites to generate the TiO2 agglomerations via hydroxy groups and, thus, enhance

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• (HA), obtained by precipitate (HAP) and sol–gel (HAG) methods, and a boro-silico-phosphate bioglass. The microstructure and chemical, mechanical, and biological properties as functions of three factors, namely (i) the type of hydroxyapatite, (ii) glass content, and (iii) sintering temperature, were

• one hand, it induces antibacterial activity, and, on the other hand, it promotes the formation and mineralization of bone tissue [19][32]. The HA-BG composites investigated in this work contained two types of HA, obtained either by the sol–gel method (HAG) or by the precipitation method (HAP). It was

• composites The composite samples were obtained from hydroxyapatite prepared by a precipitation method (HAP) or by a sol–gel method (HAG) combined with a bioglass of definite composition. For the preparation of HAP powder we used the method described in a previous work [35] with small modifications, according

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• produced in the form of powders, fibers, and films by using various processing techniques including wet chemical synthesis, such as the sol–gel method [33][34][35], precipitation [36], hydrothermal [37][38][39] and spray pyrolysis [40][41]. Also, solid-state synthesis methods, such as mechanical synthesis

• . Cobalt and lithium acetate salts were dissolved separately in small amounts of deionized water. Then, the solutions were mixed together and a solution of ᴅ-(+)-glucose was added. The prepared solutions were then evaporated until a gel was obtained. The resulting gel precursor was heated from 450 to 900

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified via silica gel column chromatography using DCM/PE = 1:1 as eluent to obtain a green solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.06 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 4H

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• new probe preparation method based on gold and silver nanowire optical waveguides, which uses the direct coupling of optical fiber and gold and silver optical waveguides to prepare the tip, synthesizes gold or silver nanowires by sol-gel method, etches the hollow optical fiber or pulls the cone by

Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills

• Patrick Weiser,
• Robin Kietz,
• Marc Schneider,
• Matthias Worgull and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102

• , widely used method for obtaining superhydrophobic surfaces is the use of silica-based films, which can be applied by dipping the object in gel or via aerosol spray [15]. While providing excellent superhyrophobicity and an easy application even on very large surfaces, these films are not particularly

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• -TiO2 nanofibers by using N-stearoyl- ʟ/ᴅ-glutamic acid (C18-ʟ/ᴅ-Glu) lipid as the chiral template and titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) as the titanium source based on a sol–gel process [119]. The average length and width of the TiO2 nanofiber were ca. 200 and 30 nm, respectively. The

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• , photolithography, embossing, deposition, and sol–gel nanofabrication, all of which can provide high specific surface areas [19][24][25][26][27][28]. Nanomaterials can also be divided into inorganic nanomaterials and organic nanomaterials. In inorganic nanomaterials, metal nanomaterials and carbon nanomaterials

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• . Lack of information regarding this application has been reported. This is the motivation for this study which is focused on synthesizing nanosized ZnO materials by the sol–gel method using rosin as a green precursor. ZnO NPs were synthesized by a sol–gel two-step method from the green precursor rosin

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• ]. Godavarthi et al. used seaweed (Sargassum fluitans) to synthesize N-CDs. 1H NMR and 13C NMR were used to analyze Sargassum fluitans and showed that amino acids acted as a nitrogen source, for the preparation of N-CDs. The reported N-CDs were used as a fluorescence probe to detect DNA, and gel electrophoresis

• the recombination of trapped excitons causes the redshifted emission. Liu et al. reported the synthesis of highly photoluminescent CDs, which were then further separated into yellow emitting crystalline graphene quantum dots and green emitting amorphous carbon nanodots using a silica gel column. Even

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• silsesquioxane, chitosan–nanoSiO2–chondroitin sulphate, chitosan–nanoSiO2–gelatin, and chitosan–bioglass/hydroxyapatite/halloysite nanotubes have remarkable osteogenic characteristics [82][83][84][123]. Chitosan and silica-based microspheres were produced by using sol–gel followed by emulsification and cross

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• ), Chengalpattu district, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India 10.3762/bjnano.13.79 Abstract LaFexNi1−xO3 perovskite oxides were prepared by the sol–gel method under various conditions, including different pH values (pH 0 and pH 7) and different calcination temperatures (500–800 °C) as well as different Fe/Ni

• nanoparticles via the sol–gel method to decompose rhodamine-B under visible light irradiation. With the assistance of H2O2, it shows a synergistic effect between photocatalytic reaction and heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like reaction [23]. Furthermore, the strategies of being loaded over supports (such as g-C3N4

• sol–gel solution could help the separation of LaFexNi1−xO3 crystals, leading to less particle aggregation. Moreover, the elemental analysis of the samples was also carried out using energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS). The Fe contents of the samples with different Fe/Ni atomic ratios were identified

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• deposited onto cellulose nanofiber templates by the surface sol−gel method according to a previous report (Figure 1a, Figure 1b) [31]. The as-prepared TiO2-gel/cellulose-fiber composite was calcined in air at 450 °C (heating rate: 1 °C/min) for 6 h to give the hierarchical structure of TiO2 nanotubes

• pure TiO2-NT sample without any of the subsequent treatments. The Bi2WO6 powder sample was fabricated by the same solvothermal reaction without the addition of the powder containing hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes. The TiO2 sample without the cellulose template was prepared by the simple sol−gel method

• nanocomposites were fabricated by depositing Bi2WO6 nanoparticles onto the hierarchical TiO2 tubes via the solvothermal method, where the TiO2 tubes were obtained by the calcination of the TiO2-gel/cellulose composite, which in turn was prepared through the surface sol−gel method. According to the theoretical

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• substrate. This was done for three repeated passages. Cells were digested with trypsin and counted before other experiments were carried out [44]. Preparation of polyacrylamide (PAA) gel substrates The preparation of polyacrylamide hydrogels with different stiffness referred to the experimental method of

• the addition of 10% ammonium persulfate and 0.1% TEMED. After the mixture was fully mixed, 25 μL of this mixture was absorbed onto the treated glass slide, and the treated cover glass was quickly covered. After the gel was cross-linked for about 20 min, the cover glass was lightly removed, placed into

• ][47]. This method can be used to measure the Young's modulus and calculate cellular viscosity directly from the measured force spectrum. For morphometric analysis, cells (2 × 104 cells/mL) cultured on PAA gel with different stiffness for 48 h were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min and washed

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• on agarose gel as an in vitro model of human skin showed that the formula was able to fully perforate the agarose gel. Moreover, this formula showed significantly greater antimicrobial activity (p < 0.0001) compared to a free gel of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus in an agarose gel-based

• model. This was evidenced by a zone of inhibition of 29 mm for the microneedle formulation of ciprofloxacin (CIP_MN1) compared to 2 mm for the free gel of ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the CIP_MN1 showed complete dissolution in human skin after 60 min from application. Finally, the skin deposition of

• CIP_MN1 was investigated in ex vivo excised human skin. CIP_MN1 showed significantly more deposition of ciprofloxacin in deeper skin layers compared to the free gel of ciprofloxacin, and the released ciprofloxacin from the microneedles tends to migrate to deeper layers with time. Collectively, these