Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• any heat treatment, and additionally obtained in the form of a spray-dried (rapid drying with a hot gas) aggregated micrometer-size powder. Both samples differed in agglomerate size (F201 and F202). HAp samples prepared by the Laboratory of Nanostructures were produced through microwave solvothermal

• treated for 90 s, with an additional heat treatment at 375 °C. All GoHAP samples were freeze-dried after synthesis. Samples of nanoscale hydroxyapatite and fluorohydroxyapatite from the Bogatsky Institute were synthetized at a temperature of 300 °C with the NaNO3/KNO3 eutectic as reaction medium [14

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• previously demonstrated that the carbon from the electrolyte disappears after heat treatment [20]. Since all the samples were annealed, these signals cannot correspond merely to the remaining electrolyte, suggesting that some of these elements have been incorporated into the structure of the TNTs. This idea

• annealing conditions. An interesting remark from the literature comes from Hardcastle et al. [53] who observed that anodically grown TNTs after heat treatment between 400 and 500° C showed a 6.5-fold increase in the photocurrent density when the crystalline phase changed in proportion from 72% anatase (400

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• particles up to a heat treatment temperature of 2100 °C, while at temperature of 2400 °C, they observed the additional formation of rod-shaped particles. The addition of Si-NPs results in a visible increase in primary particle size, which is especially stressed for the sample with the higher Si content of

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• best PCE of 3.2% was observed for copper(I) iodide HTLs, a value claimed to be the highest achieved to date for the Bi-based HP family [170]. The morphology of MABI layers produced on titania scaffolds by a simple spin-coating of a BiI3+MAI mixture followed by a heat treatment was found to depend on

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• al. investigated the formation of different active sites by heat-treatment of nitrogen-doped multiwalled CNTs and subsequent ORR measurements [97]. The nanotubes were synthesized using a pyridine precursor resulting in N contents in the range of 3–6 atom %. However, the starting material already

A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

• Caihong Liang,
• Jiang Wen and
• Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

• seen that some particles, having diameters in the range of 30–40 nm, attach to the surface of the TNT arrays as well as the interior of the nanotubes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns (Figure 2) present the phase composition of the produced TNTs before (Figure 2a) and after (Figure 2b) heat treatment

• . Only the peaks of titanium can be observed for the sample before heat treatment in Figure 2a. On the contrary, it can be observed that the peaks of anatase phase appear for the samples shown in Figure 2b while the weak peak of rutile appears at around 28.7° (marked by blue stars). The loading of Zn2

• Ag nanoparticle (intensity vs energy (eV). X-ray diffraction patterns of different samples: titania nanotubes before (a) and after (b) heat treatment, which is implemented after the anodization step. SEM images of different samples: (a) Zn-Ag-TNTs; (b) NDM-Zn-Ag-TNTs (the inset picture is part of the

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• (LDH). A uniform PDA coating initially covers the surface of LDH by dopamine self-polymerization under mild conditions. Well-dispersed Co nanoparticles are formed in the NPLs by the partial reduction of cobalt from Co2+ to Co0 with surface carbon during the heat treatment process. The surface

• CoAl LDH (Figure 1b), except the peak intensities become weaker, owing to the presence of the PDA coating layer. After the heat treatment of LDH@PDA-2.5 at 500 °C (Figure 1c), the sample shows diffraction peaks which belong to CoAl2O4. Two weak reflections at 44.2° and 51.4° begin to appear at 650 °C

• increasing concentration of DA (Figure S2A–D, Supporting Information File 1). After the heat treatment at 800 °C, Co nanoparticles embedded in the rough and porous carbon layer are observed (Figure S2E–H, Supporting Information File 1). The surface roughness is observed to reduce with decreasing

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• solid microgranules. The resulting cryogel was vacuum-freeze-dried to remove the liquid phase at a temperature of 80–100 °C and a pressure of ≤3 × 10−2 mmHg. The heat treatment of the as-prepared product was continued in an oven in air at a temperature of 500 °C for 1–3 h, and as a result, well

• stock solution components in their structure, i.e., Ni2+, Fe3+ or Ce3+ ions, as well as sol stabilizers and bound water molecules (Scheme 1). During the subsequent heat treatment in air, the following processes took place: dehydration of the hydrolyzed components, desorption of organic components of the

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• the S/ZnO@NCNT composite is about 74.7 wt %, which agrees well with the precursors proportions used during preparation. It can be concluded that the adopted technique, ball-milling followed by heat treatment, enables preparation of a high-performance composite of sulfur and ZnO@NCNT as it is shown in

Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets

• Yue Shen,
• Ying Wang,
• Yuan Zhou,
• Chunxi Hai,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106

• protection. Moreover, it is not necessary to continue raising the reducing temperature when the GO sheets can be thermally reduced uniformly. For the chemically reduced GO sample (sample 5), further heat treatment in air would oxidize it. Ultimately, to supplement SPFM for characterization of the initial

• can be thermally reduced uniformly. For the chemically reduced GO sample, further heat treatment in atmosphere resulted in oxidization. To supplement SPFM for the characterization of heterogeneously reduced GO sheets in the initial stage of the reduction process, EFS can be employed to further

P3HT:PCBM blend films phase diagram on the base of variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry

• Barbara Hajduk,
• Henryk Bednarski,
• Bożena Jarząbek,
• Henryk Janeczek and
• Paweł Nitschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1108–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.102

• post-deposition treatments, e.g., heat treatment [20][21]. One large branch of studies on OPV devices based on thin films of polymer:fullerene blend active layers deals with the optimization of their power conversion efficiency by applying thermal annealing [8]. Remarkably, it has been proven that the

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• approaches have been applied, and a study on the morphology, structure and magnetic properties of the resulting Fe–Co MNPs is presented. The promising effect of an additional heat treatment step on these properties is also investigated. Experimental Preparation of the binary alloys inside CNTs Multiwalled

• all the nitrates and oxides to the corresponding metallic state [34][46]. An additional heat treatment step was essential to obtain the desired intermetallic phase in which the reduced sample was further annealed under a mixture of Ar and H2 gases streams (95 vol % Ar + 5 vol % H2) at a temperature of

• morphologies and particle sizes for the filling materials have been observed (small, large spheres, particle chains as indicated by arrows in Figure 1b), whereas after an additional heat treatment step (annealing at 600 °C for 48 h), a significant growth in the particles size was observed. This observation was

Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

• Sharali Malik,
• Felicite M. Ruddock,
• Adam H. Dowling,
• Kevin Byrne,
• Wolfgang Schmitt,
• Ivan Khalakhan,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Lok Kumar Shrestha,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

• profile) of the graphene material (MLG) before and (FLG) after heat-treatment in air at 500 °C for 2 h (ca. 10% volume loss of starting mass during heat-treatment). This resulted in the FLG material used in these experiments. The XPS analysis (Table 1) shows that the MLG and FLG materials have similar

• to C=O [16]. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the loss of carbon and oxygen from the MLG material compared to the FLG material can be attributed to the formation of CO and CO2 during the heat-treatment. This is in accord with the Raman data which shows a clear “finger-print” for graphene

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• fully submerge with the selection of metals through continuous mixing. Sonication or stirring methods are applied to assure the upmost dispersion of metal in the solution precursor [31]. In the end, the precursor supported material is dried followed by consecutive heat treatment with inert gas in order

• waste on ACF by impregnation and heat treatment methods. The introduction of a nitrogen functional group by propellant waste promoted the activity removal of NO two-fold to that of the unmodified ACF at low temperature. The SEM analysis reveals that propellant waste was fully oxidised on the ACF surface

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• heat treatment at 450 °C. The absence of peaks corresponding to Nd2O3 in the XRD patterns can be ascribed to the following phenomena: The content of Nd3+ ions was too small or highly dispersed and was below the detection limit of the diffractometer, Nd3+ was present in the form of an amorphous phase or

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• seconds at a temperature of 100–120 °C and pressure of 106 Pa. Lastly, the composite sheet was carefully peeled off to form two uniform layers of PSF/nylon/CNTs (Figure 5). In fact, compression under heat treatment leads to a strong interaction between the membrane surface and CNTs. Because of the angle

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• space of montmorillonite prior the stage of heat treatment, and significantly improves the transformation of these particles into well-crystallized TiO2 pillars after further annealing. To the best of our knowledge, the literature data contain no information on hydrothermal synthesis of the pillared MM

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• ) surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). MoO2–CNFs with an average diameter of 425–575 nm obtained after heat treatment were used as a matrix to prepare sulfur/MoO2–CNF cathodes for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. The polysulfide adsorption

• and electrochemical performance tests demonstrated that MoO2–CNFs did not only act as polysulfide reservoirs to alleviate the shuttle effect, but also improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics during the charge–discharge processes. The effect of MoO2–CNF heat treatment on the cycle performance of

• present work, a facile route based on a single-spinneret electrospinning technique with a subsequent annealing process was developed to prepare MoO2–CNFs. The effect of MoO2–CNF heat treatment on the cycle performance of sulfur/MoO2–CNFs electrodes was examined. The data showed that MoO2–CNFs calcined at

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• neighbors had additionally been oxidized (Figure 3b). The oxidation of BN was also confirmed by N 1s curve-fitting, because the XPS N 1s peak at 397.8 eV shifted to 398.4 eV (Figure 3d). An important issue that deserves additional comments is the role of Ag in the oxidation of the BN phase during heat

• treatment, which, as known, can withstand temperatures in excess of 900 °C without chemical degradation [17]. Since Ag2O decomposes at temperatures above 280 °C, it is reasonable to assume that Ag NPs (formed during decomposition) possess high activity in oxygen reduction reaction being catalysts at

Atomic layer deposition and properties of ZrO₂/Fe₂O₃ thin films

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Helina Seemen,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Mihkel Rähn,
• Aile Tamm,
• Kaupo Kukli,
• Aarne Kasikov,
• Joosep Link,
• Raivo Stern,
• Salvador Dueñas,
• Helena Castán and
• Héctor García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 119–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.14

• magnetization loops, However, the annealing procedure may have resulted in the formation of nonferromagnetic phases, possibly due to the increased contribution from monoclinic ZrO2 due to the partial compensation of the oxygen deficiency in the films upon heat treatment in air. It is, however, worth noting that

CdSe nanorod/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Fakher Laatar,
• Hatem Moussa,
• Halima Alem,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Hatem Ezzaouia and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

• of CdSe/TiO2 composites CdSe NRs were prepared by a solvothermal method using diethylenetriamine as structure directing agent [43]. The CdSe rods were associated to TiO2 nanoparticles by a heat treatment at 300 °C for 1 h to construct a heterojunction between these materials that favors the charge

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• . A solution containing AgNO3 and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was cast onto silicate glass. Evaporation of the solvent (water) led to the formation of a fern-like structure of PVA and AgNO3. A heat treatment reduced the silver precursor to metal structures that PVA stabilized in situ through its

Synthesis of [{AgO₂CCH₂OMe(PPh₃)}_n] and theoretical study of its use in focused electron beam induced deposition

• Jelena Tamuliene,
• Julian Noll,
• Peter Frenzel,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Alexander Jakob,
• Bernhard Walfort and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2615–2624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.262

• ), of which the first one corresponds to the melting of 2. However, weight loss of 2 during heat treatment can already be observed at 200 °C, indicating partial evaporation passing over into decomposition, whereas the corresponding DSC signals, as well as vapor pressure measurements (Supporting

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• for purer FEBID gold can be categorized into two groups – ones that deal with (in situ) optimization of deposition processes and the others that deal with various postdeposition (ex situ) treatments to further improve the purity of the deposits. Prime examples of the latter group include heat

• treatment in a reactive atmosphere of air [62] or oxygen [63], but these methods are compromised by an (often significant) loss of structural fidelity. Similarly, room temperature electron beam postirradiation in the presence of O2 [64] or H2O [4] has been used to purify FEBID gold in a second step, but