Molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation and scratch in Cu grain boundaries

• Shih-Wei Liang,
• Ren-Zheng Qiu and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2283–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.228

• . In this study, the substrate first undergoes a balance process for about 200 ps. The indentation and scratch processes will not begin until the substrate is stable. In the transverse grain boundary and multilayers, a periodic boundary condition was imposed in the x and y directions, while the z

• compression with no obvious dislocation accumulation at the grain boundary. Indentation for the transverse grain boundary with multilayers The effect of the presence of multilayers over the force transmission of the atoms under stress, the direction of the atomic flow for the indentation, and the variation of

• . Therefore, the deformation of the structure was largely dispersed in the horizontal direction, which makes the lower structure difficult to disrupt. From the simulation results of the grain boundary with multilayers, it was found that when the material is destroyed, a deformation behavior always appeared

Ta₂N₃ nanocrystals grown in Al₂O₃ thin layers

• Krešimir Salamon,
• Maja Buljan,
• Iva Šarić,
• Mladen Petravić and
• Sigrid Bernstorff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2162–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.215

• -Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy 10.3762/bjnano.8.215 Abstract Tantalum nitride nanoparticles (NPs) and cubic bixbyite-type Ta2N3 nanocrystals (NCs) were grown in (Ta–N+Al2O3)/Al2O3 periodic multilayers (MLs) after thermal treatment. The MLs were prepared by

• generic procedure to realize highly tunable and designable optical properties of thin films containing transition-metal nitride nanocrystals. Keywords: nanocomposites; multilayers; refractory plasmonics; self-assembly; Ta2N3 nanoparticles; Introduction Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) can confine visible

• -assembly of semiconductor quantum dots in amorphous alumina or silica multilayers [18][19]. The key point of this deposition design is the insertion of dielectric layers, so called spacer layers, between all arbitrarily thick active metallic layers. In that way, upon annealing, the growth and final size of

Modelling focused electron beam induced deposition beyond Langmuir adsorption

• Dédalo Sanz-Hernández and
• Amalio Fernández-Pacheco

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2151–2161, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.214

• saturated monolayers, appearance of multilayers, or the convergence from the multilayer model to the Langmuir model, can be understood in terms of the characteristic time scales of the system. These results are synthesized in a set of dimensionless FEBID frequency maps for Langmuir, and homogeneous and

Application of visible-light photosensitization to form alkyl-radical-derived thin films on gold

• Rashanique D. Quarels,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• Neepa Kuruppu,
• Jenny K. Hedlund,
• Ashley A. Ellsworth,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Jayne C. Garno and
• Justin R. Ragains

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1863–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.187

• polyphenylene multilayers. Other methods for aryl radical grafting include electrografting of diaryliodonium salts [15][16], and dimethoxybenzene- or [Ru(bpy)3]2+-photosensitized conversion of arenediazonium salts to aryl radicals in the presence of metal and polymer surfaces [17][18][19][20]. As such

• tert-butyl group and chain length of ≈1.8 nm. The measured thickness of the Phth–NHBoc film necessitates a multilayer formed during the reaction. Formation of multilayers, which is likely operative with Au–Me and Au–NHBoc, will be discussed. Reasons for the thickness of the Au–NHBoc thin film relative

• in the all-anti conformation can be reconciled by the formation of multilayers in both cases (Au–Me and Au–NHBoc). A mechanism for such multilayer formation has been previously suggested [5], and we elaborate on this with a more detailed mechanistic proposal (Scheme 3) that also accounts for

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• to deposit these materials as rows [15], thin films [16][17][18][19], or multilayers [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. However, the limited thermal and kinetic stability of most SMMs prevents their thermal evaporation [27] and has initiated the search for milder, solution-based methods for surface

3D continuum phonon model for group-IV 2D materials

• Morten Willatzen,
• Lok C. Lew Yan Voon,
• Appala Naidu Gandi and
• Udo Schwingenschlögl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1345–1356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.136

• materials will be treated as 3D thin-plate materials in the following, well aware that the out-of-plane dimension contains one or a few atomic layers. In general, this would allow one to study multilayers though we will only focus on monolayers in this paper. Nonetheless, it is important to keep the third

• before, which led to a decoupling of the out-of-plane vibrations. The coupling is a consequence of the finite thickness of the sheet with no mirror symmetry imposed. Thus, our model is sufficiently general to apply to multilayers. Earlier DFT calculations [15] had argued that there is no coupling between

• all of the elemental group-IV materials and the nonexistence of confined optical modes in MoS2. Our model will be applied to other 2D materials as well as to multilayers in future work. Additionally, the results of this model can be combined with the solution to the electron problem to compute

Anodization-based process for the fabrication of all niobium nitride Josephson junction structures

• Massimiliano Lucci,
• Ivano Ottaviani,
• Matteo Cirillo,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Roberto Francini,
• Vittorio Merlo and
• Ivan Davoli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 539–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.58

• multilayers. In all of our investigations the substrates are commercially available silicon wafers coated with 1 μm artificial oxide. This choice was also dictated by the perspective of setting up a recipe that could well lend itself to be developed for “large-scale” commercial applications. Experimental

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• ]. Additionally, organic templates are used to modify the surface of the substrate. Especially self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [23][24], thin polymer brushes [25] or polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEL) [26] were successfully applied for the deposition of ZnO thin films. With these molecules, a multitude of

Impact of contact resistance on the electrical properties of MoS₂ transistors at practical operating temperatures

• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Aurora Piazza,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Giuseppe Greco,
• Simonpietro Agnello and
• Fabrizio Roccaforte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.28

• demonstrated using single [3] and multilayers of MoS2 [4]. MoS2 thin films, obtained either by cleavage from the bulk material or by chemical vapor deposition, are typically unintentionally n-type doped. Since well-assessed methods for doping enrichment of MoS2 under source/drain contacts are still lacking

Comparison of four functionalization methods of gold nanoparticles for enhancing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

• Paula Ciaurriz,
• Fátima Fernández,
• Edurne Tellechea,
• Jose F. Moran and
• Aaron C. Asensio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 244–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.27

• coverage/activity in this functionalization strategy. In contrast, direct adsorption often leads to protein multilayers, as biomolecules have numerous residues which can non-specifically adsorb on AuNP surfaces [33]. Gagner et al. described how high protein loading resulted in lower loss of protein

• activity and secondary structure [34]. They assumed that subsequent adsorption of protein in multilayers allowed the conjugate to recover activity and remain stable. Taking into account the published results and considering our data, we postulated that the total number of proteins bound to AuNPs could

Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

• Ivan V. Komissarov,
• Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
• Vladimir A. Labunov,
• Ksenia V. Girel,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Algirdas Lazauskas,
• Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
• Šarunas Meškinis,
• Sigitas Tamulevičius and
• Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

• graphene multilayers, electron backscattering is allowed [2]. However, when the layers of graphene are not strongly electronically coupled, this scenario is not always realized. Indeed, for turbostratic graphite, where Bernal stacking is destroyed, even for a very large number of layers, the unique

Impact of surface wettability on S-layer recrystallization: a real-time characterization by QCM-D

• Jagoba Iturri,
• Ana C. Vianna,
• Alberto Moreno-Cencerrado,
• Dietmar Pum,
• Uwe B. Sleytr and
• José Luis Toca-Herrera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 91–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.10

• , gold) [5][6][7][8][9], with coatings of different nature (lipid bilayers, SAMs, polyelectrolyte multilayers) [10][11][12][13][14] and even on structures with an important contribution in the Z-axis, as recently reported for charged polyelectrolyte brushes [15]. However, some fundamental questions are

Annealing-induced recovery of indents in thin Au(Fe) bilayer films

• Anna Kosinova,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Leonid Klinger and
• Eugen Rabkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2088–2099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.199

• flow during a nanoindentation test consistent with the schematic model presented in Figure 8 can be obtained from the nanoindentation experiments on metallic multilayers [23]. Also, the nature of prismatic dislocation loops in the indented region has been recently discussed by Gagel et al. [24]. In

Solvent-mediated conductance increase of dodecanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticle monolayers

• Patrick A. Reissner,
• Jean-Nicolas Tisserant,
• Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer,
• Raffaele Mezzenga and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2057–2064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.196

• ) for 20 h. Subsequent measurements of the dried devices (red data points in Figure 1) showed an average increase in conductance by a factor of 36 for EtOH immersion and 22 for THF immersion. Conductance changes of alkanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticle multilayers were also reported upon exposure to

Morphology of SiO₂ films as a key factor in alignment of liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy

• Volodymyr Tkachenko,
• Antigone Marino,
• Eva Otón,
• Noureddine Bennis and
• Josè Manuel Otón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1743–1748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.167

• ellipsometric study of multilayers [6][21][22][23]. To characterize the SiO2 films, a 3-step strategy was applied as adopted elsewhere [6]: Reflection GE parameters are measured at 50°, 60°, and 70° in the wavelength range λ = 400–1700 nm. These data are mostly sensitive to the optical constants and thickness

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption studies towards a new optical biosensor

• Lothar Leidner,
• Julia Stäb,
• Jennifer T. Adam and
• Günter Gauglitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1736–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.166

• the interference order, n the refractive index of the polymer, and d the polymer thickness. The refractive index data were taken from the literature [23][24]. Modeling During sensor design considerations some model calculations were performed. The reflectance response of multilayers was calculated

Scanning probe microscopy studies on the adsorption of selected molecular dyes on titania

• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Piotr Olszowski,
• Res Jöhr,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Bartosz Such,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1642–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.156

• porphyrin ring with the surface is a secondary bonding mechanism [55]. An increase in the density of adsorbed molecules leads to changes in the geometry from flat lying to upright. The change is observed for the first monolayer, and the upright geometry is consistently observed for several multilayers until

Graphene-enhanced plasmonic nanohole arrays for environmental sensing in aqueous samples

• Christa Genslein,
• Peter Hausler,
• Eva-Maria Kirchner,
• Rudolf Bierl,
• Antje J. Baeumner and
• Thomas Hirsch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1564–1573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.150

• at 1345 cm−1 (D-Peak), 1603 cm−1 (G-Peak), and 2682 cm−1 (2D-Peak) (Figure 5B) [49]. The presence of multilayers is indicated by the low intensity of the 2D-peak at 2690 cm−1 [50]. Raman maps showing the intensity of the D-, G- and the 2D-peaks over an area of 13 × 13 µm demonstrate a full coverage

• of the nanohole array with rGO. Deviations in the Raman intensity can be ascribed to inhomogeneous multilayers, which is due to the spin coating process. The presence of localized surface plasmons was demonstrated by analysing the resonance curves before and after functionalization with rGO (Table 1

Thickness dependence of the triplet spin-valve effect in superconductor–ferromagnet–ferromagnet heterostructures

• Daniel Lenk,
• Vladimir I. Zdravkov,
• Jan-Michael Kehrle,
• Günter Obermeier,
• Aladin Ullrich,
• Roman Morari,
• Hans-Albrecht Krug von Nidda,
• Claus Müller,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Siegfried Horn,
• Rafael G. Deminov,
• Lenar R. Tagirov and
• Reinhard Tidecks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 957–969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.88

• curves measured by SQUID magnetometry at T = 10 K, where the sample is normal conducting, yield ms values resulting in mat = 0.074μB, 0.080μB, and 0.127μB. Investigations of the magnetic properties of thin films of Co (deposited on W) [68] and Cu40Ni60 (deposited as Cu40Ni60/Cu multilayers) [53], show

Optical absorption signature of a self-assembled dye monolayer on graphene

• Tessnim Sghaier,
• Sylvain Le Liepvre,
• Céline Fiorini,
• Ludovic Douillard and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 862–868, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.78

• formation of multilayers can thus be ruled out. Transmission spectra The solution spectrum of PTCDI-C13 is reported in Figure 3 (labelled “SOL”). It presents the typical vibronic structure of a π–π* transition, with an energy difference of 0.18 eV (ca. 1450 cm−1) between 0–0, 0–1 and 0–2 sub-bands which is

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

• flowing towards the contact line and provided the molecules needed for growing crystals. The mechanism which led to local supersaturation and crystallization is rather similar to convective assembly techniques which are frequently applied to create ordered mono- or multilayers of colloidal particles [30

Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Joachim Gräfe,
• Kristof M. Lebecki,
• Maxim Skripnik,
• Felix Haering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Eberhard Goering and
• Ulrich Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 733–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.65

• nanostructured antidot lattice on in-plane magnetized films is naively understood by structural variations given by the perforations along the direction of the magnetisation. This is not as simple in case of perpendicularly magnetized thin films like thin GdFe multilayers. On the other hand, perpendicularly

Investigating organic multilayers by spectroscopic ellipsometry: specific and non-specific interactions of polyhistidine with NTA self-assembled monolayers

• Ilaria Solano,
• Pietro Parisse,
• Ornella Cavalleri,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Maurizio Canepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 544–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.48

Organized films

• Maurizio Canepa and
• Helmuth Möhwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 406–408, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.35

• , popularly known as the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique, one consecutively adsorbs polyelectrolytes of opposite charge to form multilayers of nanometer thickness [15][16]. The studies were quickly extended to explore other types of (i) interactions (towards bio-specific ones and hydrogen bonding), (ii

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• multilayers, yielded films with a thickness ranging from 11 to 15 Å. In an extended study, they prepared and studied five tridentate platforms 22-Cn (n = 0, 1, 3, 8, 13) having different upward alkyl chain lengths, where the cyclohexane ring serves as the platform between three alkyl tail groups and the three