Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• nature and it is responsible for the easy dispersal in many solvents such as water, which is helpful for the formation of various composites [50]. The reduction of GO in various reducing conditions forms reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in which electrical conductivity is partly revived. This RGO is also

A biofunctionalizable ink platform composed of catechol-modified chitosan and reduced graphene oxide/platinum nanocomposite

• Peter Sobolewski,
• Agata Goszczyńska,
• Małgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Karolina Urbaś,
• Joanna Derkowska,
• Agnieszka Bartoszewska,
• Jacek Podolski,
• Ewa Mijowska and
• Mirosława El Fray

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1508–1514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.151

• , Szczecin, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.8.151 Abstract We present an ink platform for a printable polymer–graphene nanocomposite that is intended for the development of modular biosensors. The ink consists of catechol-modified chitosan and reduced graphene oxide decorated with platinum nanoparticles (rGO–Pt). We

• . First, we prepare dispersions of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) decorated with platinum nanoparticles (rGO–Pt) in ethylene glycol (EG). As the polymer matrix, we utilize chitosan (CHI), a polycationic biopolymer that provides excellent film-forming properties and easy-to-functionalize amine groups [8

• graphene oxide (rGO) functionalized with Pt nanoparticles (rGO–Pt) Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by oxidation of graphite flakes (Aesar, 325 mesh), using a modified Hummers method [19], as described previously [20]. Next, GO was reduced and functionalized with Pt nanoparticles (Figure 5). First, 75

Development of a nitrogen-doped 2D material for tribological applications in the boundary-lubrication regime

• Shende Rashmi Chandrabhan,
• Velayudhanpillai Jayan,
• Somendra Singh Parihar and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1476–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.147

• Coating Material Laboratory, NTPC Energy Technology Research Alliance (NETRA), NTPC Ltd, E3, Ecotech II, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India 10.3762/bjnano.8.147 Abstract The present paper describes a facile synthesis method for nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) and the application of

• nanolubricant in an induced draft (ID) fan results in the remarkable decrease in the power consumption. Keywords: friction; lubrication; nanolubricant; nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide; tribology; wear; Introduction Advances in machine technology necessitate the reduction in energy loss by improving the

• [25]. In addition, there are several studies carried out on reduced graphene oxide and revealed that the graphene is the most promising material for enhancing the tribological performance [6][22][23][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Recently, Jaiswal et al. reported the

Fully scalable one-pot method for the production of phosphonic graphene derivatives

• Kamila Żelechowska,
• Marta Prześniak-Welenc,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Izabela Kondratowicz and
• Tadeusz Miruszewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1094–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.111

• simultaneous reduction to produce phosphonated reduced graphene oxide in a novel, fully scalable, one-pot method. The phosphonic derivative of graphene was obtained through the reaction of graphene oxide with phosphorus trichloride in water. The newly synthesized reduced graphene oxide derivative was fully

• characterized by using spectroscopic methods along with thermal analysis. The morphology of the samples was examined by electron microscopy. The electrical studies revealed that the functionalized graphene derivative behaves in a way similar to chemically or thermally reduced graphene oxide, with an activation

• energy of 0.014 eV. Keywords: functionalized graphene; graphene oxide; one-pot synthesis; phosphonic derivatives; reduced graphene oxide; Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) with its multifunctionality attracts interest in different fields of science. The chemical nature and reactivity of GO have been

CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications

• Chiara Schiattarella,
• Sten Vollebregt,
• Tiziana Polichetti,
• Brigida Alfano,
• Ettore Massera,
• Maria Lucia Miglietta,
• Girolamo Di Francia and
• Pasqualina Maria Sarro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1015–1022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.102

• number of publications dedicated to graphene-based sensors [2]. The gas sensor devices presented in literature are mostly based on pristine graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Many approaches for the fabrication of such materials, including CVD, mechanical, chemical and

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• structures are particularly interesting because after hybridisation they not only display the individual properties of graphene and the NPs, but also they exhibit further synergistic properties. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a graphene-like material, can be easily prepared by reduction of graphene oxide (GO

• perspectives to improve the properties of the hybrid materials in view of applications are outlined. Keywords: graphene; hybrid; nanoparticle; reduced graphene oxide; transition metal oxide; Review Introduction Graphene consists of a single layer of carbon in a two-dimensional (2D) lattice. It is a densely

Graphene–polymer coating for the realization of strain sensors

• Carmela Bonavolontà,
• Carla Aramo,
• Massimo Valentino,
• Giampiero Pepe,
• Sergio De Nicola,
• Gianfranco Carotenuto,
• Angela Longo,
• Mariano Palomba,
• Simone Boccardi and
• Carosena Meola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 21–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.3

• strain gauge. These compounds have received significant interest not only for their high sensibility and tunability, but also for the potential for gauging strain that they offer in several biological systems. A highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensor based on reduced graphene oxide or graphene on

In situ formation of reduced graphene oxide structures in ceria by combined sol–gel and solvothermal processing

• Jingxia Yang,
• Johannes Ofner,
• Bernhard Lendl and
• Ulrich Schubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1815–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.174

• Shanghai, P. R. China Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Wien, Austria 10.3762/bjnano.7.174 Abstract Raman and IR investigations indicated the presence of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-like residues on ceria nanoparticles after

• -synthesized ceria particles followed by reduction to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In a previous study, we have synthesized CeO2 [17] from cerium tert-butoxide by combined sol–gel and solvothermal processing. The kind of post-synthesis treatment of the

• by sol–gel processing of cerium tert-butoxide, in ethanol as solvent [17] contain reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-like structures. The appearance of rGO-like structures can be associated with cerium tert-butoxide (or possibly cerium alkoxides in general) as precursor and ethanol as solvothermal solvent

Monolayer graphene/SiC Schottky barrier diodes with improved barrier height uniformity as a sensing platform for the detection of heavy metals

• Ivan Shtepliuk,
• Jens Eriksson,
• Volodymyr Khranovskyy,
• Tihomir Iakimov,
• Anita Lloyd Spetz and
• Rositsa Yakimova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1800–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.173

• electronic properties to a change in concentrations of surface functional groups and adsorbates. However, sensors based on reduced graphene oxide are only well investigated in terms of determination of the concentration limit of heavy metals and improving the response time [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26

• ]. In particular, it was previously reported that functionalized graphene oxide sheets on Au templates can effectively detect lead and mercury ions with improved electrochemical performance [18]. The possibility of using field effect transistors (FET) based on thermally reduced graphene oxide decorated

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• the photocatalysts. In this work, we have investigated the role of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) support and the irradiation source on mixed metal chalcogenide semiconductor (CdS–ZnO) nanostructures. The photocatalyst material was synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method and thoroughly

• the conduction band (CB) of CdS to that of ZnO [22][27]. The CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures can be further supported on graphene/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) materials to improve their photocatalytic properties. Ideally, graphene is a single layer carbon sheet, which consists of a two

Graphene-enhanced plasmonic nanohole arrays for environmental sensing in aqueous samples

• Christa Genslein,
• Peter Hausler,
• Eva-Maria Kirchner,
• Rudolf Bierl,
• Antje J. Baeumner and
• Thomas Hirsch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1564–1573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.150

• the nanohole array surface. Furthermore, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sensor surface was layered over the nanohole array. Reduced graphene oxide is a 2D nanomaterial consisting of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms and is an attractive receptor surface for SPR as it omits any bulk phase and therefore

• , distance between the centres of neighbouring holes) both significantly affect the plasmonic properties and therefore the sensitivity of nanohole arrays [34]. For an analytical application the gold layer needs to be modified with a receptor layer. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a very interesting receptor

• the fabrication of the plasmon–graphene hybrids, the nanostructured substrates were functionalized with rGO via spin coating. The resulting two-dimensional graphene nanomaterial was characterized using Raman microscopy (Figure 5). Reduced graphene oxide is identified by the three distinct Raman bands

A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors

• Vardan Galstyan,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Iskandar Kholmanov,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Veronica Sberveglieri,
• Nicola Poli,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.133

• , Via Valotti 9, 25133 Brescia, Italy Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA 10.3762/bjnano.7.133 Abstract A hybrid nanostructure based on reduced graphene oxide and ZnO has been obtained for the detection of volatile organic compounds. The

• monitoring of environmental pollutants and for the application of breath tests in assessment of exposure to volatile organic compounds. Keywords: chemical sensors; reduced graphene oxide (RGO); volatile organic compounds; zinc oxide (ZnO); Introduction Hazard analysis of critical control point (HACCP

• materials make them a suitable candidate for various applications [20][21]. Recently we have shown that the functionalization of ZnO with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets improved its sensing performance for NO2 and H2 [22]. Abideen et al. also improved the response of ZnO towards H2 preparing ZnO

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• can be attributed to the higher capability of graphene to rebound advancing cracks [11][12]. The Raman and XPS spectra of graphite, graphene oxide (GO), and thermally reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are shown in Figure 1a,b. The graphene structure can be studied by using transmission electron microscopy

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• optimal test conditions of GA were carefully investigated on a sensor based on chitosan/fFe2O3/reduced graphene oxide/GCE. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit was estimated to be 1.5 × 10−7 M [4]. An electrochemical sensor coupled with an effective flow-injection amperometric system was

Development of highly faceted reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles on a copper foil surface

• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• Yasuhiro Matsumoto,
• Andrés M. Espinoza-Rivas,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán and
• Mauricio Ortega-López

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1010–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.93

• Nanotechnology Program. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN. Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico 10.3762/bjnano.7.93 Abstract This work describes the formation of reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles (rGO-Cu2ONPs, rGO-CuNPs) on the

• ; copper(II) oxide; core–shell; reduced graphene oxide; Introduction In the last years, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have emerged as suitable candidates to prepare graphene-based nanocomposites [1][2], including those based on GO/inorganic nanoparticles [3]. The opportunity to

Optimized design of a nanostructured SPCE-based multipurpose biosensing platform formed by ferrocene-tethered electrochemically-deposited cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles

• Wicem Argoubi,
• Maroua Saadaoui,
• Sami Ben Aoun and
• Noureddine Raouafi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1840–1852, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.187

• . prepared a nanocomposite consisting of reduced graphene oxide hybridized with electrochemically co-reduced gold nanoparticles and ferrocene as a sensitive immunosensor of breast cancer biomarkers [14]. Very recently, Mars et al. showed that the aggregation of gold nanoparticles through a ferrocene-based

• through a ethylenediamine spacer was prepared by Fan et al. and used as an efficient electron transfer (ET) shuttle to build a sensor for H2O2 [16]. Also, a nanocomposite formed with ferrocene-branched silica material reduced graphene oxide and glucose oxidase entrapped in chitosan matrix and was used for

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• treatments, but also in a high degree of purity of the recovered proteins, which can be further analysed by mass spectrometry [86]. Graphene: Graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) have been investigated as new biocompatible material by virtue of their unique properties, making them

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• applications. There are two main routes to overcome this hurdle. Namely, this can be accomplished by starting with water-soluble graphene oxide (GO), which can be reduced to the so-called reduced graphene oxide (rGO), followed by post-modification to acquire functionalized graphene [11]. However, the reduction

• on graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide The unique and notable features of porphyrins and phthalocyanines as light-harvesting antennas with high extinction coefficients and remarkable redox properties make them promising electron donors to be associated with graphene. The very first approach of

• ) aryl diazonium addition, and (d) azide addition. Iron(II) coordinated on terpyridine (tpy) moieties covalently anchored to graphene oxide (GO) forming GO–tpy–Fe hybrids [51]. “Click” reaction for the grafting of a porphyrin onto reduced graphene oxide sheets that was pre-modified by phenylacetylene

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by combining water soluble graphene with cobalt salts

• Jing Wang,
• Ke Feng,
• Hui-Hui Zhang,
• Bin Chen,
• Zhi-Jun Li,
• Qing-Yuan Meng,
• Li-Ping Zhang,
• Chen-Ho Tung and
• Li-Zhu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1167–1174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.128

• ][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Specifically, graphene has been involved in photocatalytic hydrogen production systems [34], such as TiO2-(N)RGO-Pt [35][36][37][38], g-C3N4-RGO-Pt [39], CdS-RGO-Pt [40][41][42][43], MoS2-NRGO [44][45], EY-RGO-Pt [46] and BiVO4-RGO-Ru/SrTiO3:Rh [47] (RGO: reduced graphene

• oxide; EY: eosin Y). Graphene enhances the catalytic efficiency of hydrogen evolution remarkably. By using transient photovoltage and photocurrent techniques [48][49][50], the function of graphene was examined. More recently, our group has demonstrated the efficient forward electron-transfer mediated by

Photocatalysis

• Rong Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1071–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.119

• and morphological tuning, in particular for hybrid materials systems such as Ag–ZnO, VTi/MCM-41, are important toward achieving higher solar energy conversion efficiencies. In a couple of reports, materials alternative to conventional metal oxides, for example, reduced graphene oxide, graphene quantum

Enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution of eosin Y-sensitized reduced graphene oxide through a simple photoreaction

• Weiying Zhang,
• Yuexiang Li,
• Shaoqin Peng and
• Xiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 801–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.92

• Weiying Zhang Yuexiang Li Shaoqin Peng Xiang Cai Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China 10.3762/bjnano.5.92 Abstract A graphene oxide (GO) solution was irradiated by a Xenon lamp to form reduced graphene oxide (RGO). After irradiation, the epoxy, the carbonyl and the

• composites, a nanographene shell on a TiO2 core and TiO2 nanoparticles on a graphene sheet, exhibit a higher photocatalytic H2 evolution than TiO2 under UV irradiation. This can be attributed to an efficient electron transfer from TiO2 to graphene [9][10]. Interestingly, single reduced graphene oxide itself

• graphene oxide solution is denoted as RGOx, where x represents the reaction time in hours. In order to characterize the performance of RGOx, its powder (denoted as RGOx-p) was obtained by centrifuging at 12000 rpm for 30 min and drying at 120 °C. Characterization methods An X-ray photoelectron spectrometer

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• identical measurement conditions [101]. The reduced graphene oxide (RGO) can act as a photosensitizer similar to organic dyes in the ZnS–RGO nanocomposites, which subsequently leads to efficient visible-light driven photoactivity for both the aerobic selective oxidation of alcohols and the epoxidation of

Core level binding energies of functionalized and defective graphene

• Toma Susi,
• Markus Kaukonen,
• Paula Havu,
• Mathias P. Ljungberg,
• Paola Ayala and
• Esko I. Kauppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 121–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.12

• to sp3. This can lead to a band gap opening [3] and other interesting features [5]. To study such functional groups, along with intrinsic defects, is also vital for the spectroscopic analysis of reduced graphene oxide [6][7], which in turn is a promising avenue to the mass production of graphene

Simulation of bonding effects in HRTEM images of light element materials

• Simon Kurasch,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Daniela Künzel,
• Axel Groß and
• Ute Kaiser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 394–404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.45

• opposite conclusions, because the polarization of the carbons in the DFT calculation prevents the detection of the oxygen atom in the carbon network, whereas this should be possible according to the IAM result. This may be the reason why we did not detect residual oxygen atoms in reduced graphene oxide [26