Low temperature co-fired ceramic packaging of CMOS capacitive sensor chip towards cell viability monitoring

• Niina Halonen,
• Joni Kilpijärvi,
• Maciej Sobocinski,
• Timir Datta-Chaudhuri,
• Antti Hassinen,
• Someshekar B. Prakash,
• Peter Möller,
• Pamela Abshire,
• Sakari Kellokumpu and
• Anita Lloyd Spetz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1871–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.179

• , noninvasive, fast, and continuous. Preliminary testing of the first generation LTCC package was performed using human epithelial cells cultivated on the chip. A very short, 3 h in total, trial measurement was performed and a small response related to sedimentation of cells on the chip was reported. Since the

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption studies towards a new optical biosensor

• Lothar Leidner,
• Julia Stäb,
• Jennifer T. Adam and
• Günter Gauglitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1736–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.166

• field, while for RIfS, the zone is limited by the strong water absorption. In both cases, the detected absorption peak has its maximum as soon as the sedimentation into the sensitive zone is finished. As the reference (I0) is recorded with distilled water, there is no backscattering due to silver

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• , e.g., MSC/Pol/MWCNT#Vittorio (and other preparations in cell–nanotube studies), were suspended in 1% agarose [22][37]. Since rapid sedimentation is easy to observe, unstable models could instantaneously be eliminated. Some works contained comments on stability for longer periods, e.g., Liu examined

• the dispersion stability of PM-b-PEG/SPIO@oMWCNT#Liu in phosphate-buffered saline (PSB) and in water, thus proving that the presence of the amphiphilic polymer PMETAC-b-PEGMA prevents sedimentation [33]. CoFe2O4/oMWCNT#Wu formed a stable aqueous dispersion for 2 weeks [39]. Maciejewska reported the

• micelle formation as a mechanism of preventing MWCNT from agglomeration and sedimentation with a critical micelle concentration (cmc) equal to 0.06 mM. On the other hand, in the course of Richard’s studies it was found that Gd-L1 adsorption on the nanotube takes place, thus also this form is adequate for

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• order to safely remove the reaction vessel. After the synthesis the suspension was subjected to sedimentation and decantation. The sediment was rinsed three times with deionised water (HLP 20UV, Hydrolab, Poland). In order to obtain a dry Zn1−xMnxO powder, the sediment was suspended in water and rapidly

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• solution consisting of zinc nitrate and hexamine. This inverted growth scheme was preferred in order to avoid contamination effects due to sedimentation and to achieve a uniform growth pattern [35][36]. Further, the suspension of wild-type, photoactive bR was prepared with aqueous amphipol (A8-35) in a 1:5

An adapted Coffey model for studying susceptibility losses in interacting magnetic nanoparticles

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2173–2182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.223

• and sedimentation increases considerably with the transition from small nanoparticles to stable ferromagnetic single domain [4]. This leads to clogging of blood vessels. The displacement of the domain wall causes the reversal of the magnetization direction in multi-domain nanoparticles. In a single

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka,
• Witold Lojkowski,
• Wojciech Knoff,
• Malgorzata I. Lukasiewicz,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin T. Klepka,
• Tomasz Story and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1957–1969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.200

• −xCoxO samples is due to the incomplete degree of reaction of substrates during the synthesis of Zn1−xCoxO. The pink color of the solution (Figure 5c) after sedimentation confirms that not all the cobalt in solution was consumed during the synthesis reaction. Nevertheless, in this paper, the nominal

• dispersions in ethylene glycol after microwave solvothermal synthesis. (c) Photographs of nanoparticle dispersions in ethylene glycol after sedimentation. XRD patterns for Zn1−xCoxO nanopowders before annealing, with a nominal Co content in solution of 0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 mol %. XRD patterns for Zn1−xCoxO

High photocatalytic activity of V-doped SrTiO₃ porous nanofibers produced from a combined electrospinning and thermal diffusion process

• Panpan Jing,
• Wei Lan,
• Qing Su and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1281–1286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.132

• seriously threatens aquatic organisms and human life. To purify the wastewater, several conventional treatment operations such as screening, sedimentation, and adsorption have been utilized [3]. Nevertheless, such operations cannot remove persistent and toxic soluble contaminants, such as organic dyes

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• important factor for subsequent in vitro experiments) was carried out by multiple ultracentrifugation steps. Characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV–vis spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS

• size and morphology of the nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). TEM showed that the nanoparticles were nearly monodisperse, quasi-spherical, polycrystalline, and had a uniform diameter

• . Differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) was performed with a CPS Instruments DC 24000 disc centrifuge (24,000 rpm). Two sucrose solutions (8 wt % and 24 wt %) formed a density gradient which was capped with 0.5 mL dodecane as a stabilizing agent. The calibration standard was a poly(vinylchloride) (PVC

Simulation tool for assessing the release and environmental distribution of nanomaterials

• Haoyang Haven Liu,
• Muhammad Bilal,
• Anastasiya Lazareva,
• Arturo Keller and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.97

• . In such analysis, the environmental entry, movement, and distribution of contaminants are described by a set of mathematical expressions. Specifically, MCMs require mechanistic quantification of intermedia transport rates (e.g., dry and wet deposition, sedimentation, dissolution) and rates of

• ) linked via intermedia transport processes (ITP) meaning among compartments (e.g., dry/wet deposition, resuspension, sedimentation, dissolution) as listed in Figure 2. The resulting unsteady state, mass balance, ordinary differential equations (Supporting Information File 1, Equation S1) are then solved

• , sedimentation, dissolution) of interest for the desired simulation period (typically ≈1 year) and the target ENM and its properties (Figure 6). Subsequently, submodels are selected for the specified ITPs (Figure 2) and the regional geographical and meteorological parameters are specified for the selected region

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• to high electrolyte concentrations and sometimes even due to interaction with biomolecules. Not only do the subsequent agglomeration processes lead to a loss of accessible surface area, they also lead to changes in diffusion properties and, in case of larger agglomerates, give rise to sedimentation

• [41]. This becomes a critical problem in many in vitro studies, in which the actual dose rate to the cells may be strongly affected by agglomeration kinetics and subsequent sedimentation rates rather than the original NP concentration [41]. Particle size and surface curvature have also been identified

A surface acoustic wave-driven micropump for particle uptake investigation under physiological flow conditions in very small volumes

• Florian G. Strobl,
• Dominik Breyer,
• Phillip Link,
• Adriano A. Torrano,
• Christoph Bräuchle,
• Matthias F. Schneider and
• Achim Wixforth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 414–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.41

• physiological flow conditions the particle uptake rates for this system are significantly lower than at low shear conditions. This underlines the vital importance of the fluidic environment for cellular uptake mechanisms. Keywords: acoustic streaming; cellular uptake; flow; nanoparticles; sedimentation; shear

• . In an in vitro experiment without fluid motion, however, also sedimentation will contribute to the delivery rate. For very big particles or, probably more relevant, for particle agglomerates, the delivery rate will be determined by the sinking velocity, which is governed by the Stokes equation: where

• vsed is the sedimentation velocity and ρp and ρm are the densities of particle and medium, respectively. Under realistic conditions, there will be, after some time, an equilibrium between sedimentation and back-diffusion and, hence, the cell will be exposed to an elevated local particle concentration

Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells

• Nils Bohmer and
• Andreas Jordan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16

• 70–80% confluence. Before every single experiment, nanoparticles were prewarmed to 37 °C and treated with ultrasound for 10 min to avoid sedimentation and aggregation. SPIONs were diluted with cell culture media to a concentration of 50 µg Fe/mL while SCIONs were diluted to 5 µg/mL. The concentration

The fate of a designed protein corona on nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo

• Denise Bargheer,
• Julius Nielsen,
• Gabriella Gébel,
• Markus Heine,
• Sunhild C. Salmen,
• Roland Stauber,
• Horst Weller,
• Joerg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 36–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.5

• experimental setups. Various techniques such as ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry), SPR (surface plasmon resonance), DCS (differential centrifugal sedimentation), QCM (quartz crystal microbalance), and FCS (fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) have been used to monitor the affinities of proteins for

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• with the negatively charged membrane [21][22], and to the sedimentation behavior of the particles which is related to their colloidal stability under physiological conditions [33]. The uptake was likely caused by non-specific endocytosis or macropinocytosis. Therefore, we expected an even stronger

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• ca. 150 min and can easily be measured without interference of scattering effects. In case of incomplete sedimentation the solution can be centrifuged after the maximum colour has developed and the supernatant solution used for the photometric determination. For calibrating we used free MPS (maximum

Nanoencapsulation of ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide into human serum albumin nanoparticles

• Matthias G. Wacker,
• Mahmut Altinok,
• Stephan Urfels and
• Johann Bauer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2259–2266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.235

• % [v/v] were added, resulting in a 2 M solution of HNO3. This procedure was followed by 3 h of mixing in a roll mixer. The suspension was purified by sedimentation and redispersion in purified water until a neutral pH value was achieved. A volume of 100 mL of an ammonium citrate solution 1% [w/v] was

Electrostatic interplay: The interaction triangle of polyamines, silicic acid, and phosphate studied through turbidity measurements, silicomolybdic acid test, and ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy

• Anne Jantschke,
• Katrin Spinde and
• Eike Brunner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2026–2035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.211

• contained solution A and was placed in the spectrometer by moving the pipette from the bottom upwards. The resulting mixture was homogenous and no air bubbles, gradient or sedimentation could be observed. The absorbance was measured as a function of time (tmax = 800 min) in continuous mode every minute

A reproducible number-based sizing method for pigment-grade titanium dioxide

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Manfred Kluwig and
• Thomas Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1815–1822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.192

• "cone and quartering" method ensures that the embedded sample is representative. A macroscopic amount is taken for the mixing and embedding procedure. Since the whole representative amount is embedded, effects of flushing are ruled out and the low viscosity of the resin ensures that sedimentation is not

In vitro and in vivo interactions of selected nanoparticles with rodent serum proteins and their consequences in biokinetics

• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Stefanie Fertsch-Gapp,
• Martin Schäffler,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Christian Pfeiffer,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Manuela Semmler-Behnke,
• Matthias Epple and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1699–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.180

• previous physicochemical characterizations [8], all AuNP used in these experiments were thoroughly characterized through TEM (size distribution), UV–vis spectroscopy (absorbance), dynamic light scattering (DLS, hydrodynamic diameter), differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) and atomic force microscopy

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• nanoparticles (NPs) in the lung by in vitro studies are usually performed under submerged conditions where NPs are suspended in cell culture media. However, the behaviour of nanoparticles such as agglomeration and sedimentation in such complex suspensions is difficult to control and hence the deposited cellular

• collection and resuspension in medium may change their physico-chemical properties and the particle dose delivered to the cells under submerged conditions is often unclear due to differences in agglomeration and sedimentation of suspended NPs. In vitro experiments at the air–liquid interface (ALI) are

• treated with 50 µg·mL−1 NP suspensions in medium without FCS. The cellular dose was estimated according to the computational model of Hinderliter et al. [31]. The particle dose delivered to the cells is determined by diffusion and sedimentation processes, which are dependent on the particle sizes [31

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• , the amount of Ag NPs delivered to the cell over time was estimated with a recently developed in vitro sedimentation, diffusion, and dosimetry (ISDD) model [47] and was compared with the result of the ALI exposures. According to the ISDD model, for submerged exposures over 4 h with Ag NP concentrations

• vitro sedimentation, diffusion and dosimetry model (ISDD) according to Hinderliter et al. was used [47] to estimate the effective Ag NP dose delivered to the cells. This model estimates the NP dose delivered to cells as a function of time, by using parameters such as the size, density and aggregation

Topology assisted self-organization of colloidal nanoparticles: application to 2D large-scale nanomastering

• Hind Kadiri,
• Serguei Kostcheev,
• Daniel Turover,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel,
• Komla Nomenyo,
• Anisha Gokarna and
• Gilles Lerondel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1203–1209, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.132

• sedimentation and water evaporation. The particles come closer and form a hexagonal lattice. Previous studies have shown that these deposited particles (PS beads) are very sensitive to different physico-chemical parameters such as the nature of the solvent, the concentration of the solution, temperature, the

Manipulation of isolated brain nerve terminals by an external magnetic field using D-mannose-coated γ-Fe₂O₃ nano-sized particles and assessment of their effects on glutamate transport

• Tatiana Borisova,
• Natalia Krisanova,
• Arsenii Borуsov,
• Roman Sivko,
• Ludmila Ostapchenko,
• Michal Babic and
• Daniel Horak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.90

• L-[14C]glutamate the aliquots of synaptosomal suspension in the vicinity of application of magnetic field was determined after rapid sedimentation by using a microcentrifuge (20 s at 10,000g). Total synaptosomal L-[14C]glutamate content was equal to 200,000 ± 15,000 cpm/mg protein. Data are means

Applicability and costs of nanofiltration in combination with photocatalysis for the treatment of dye house effluents

• Wolfgang M. Samhaber and
• Minh Tan Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 476–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.55

• Conventional concepts of effluent treatment and NF In the conventional treatment of effluent of the textile industries separation methods like coagulation, flocculation, flotation or sedimentation are used. Process variants concerning the separation of dyes are numerous, but all of them require a final