The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• following relation [27][28]: where a0 is the lattice parameter of bulk Fe3O4 (a0 = 8.397 Å [29]). Microstrain is a crucial factor that helps to analyze the existence of strain and deformation in thin films [30][31]. The d-spacing values of the Fe3O4(311) and Fe3O4(400) peaks of sample 3 are 2.514 and 2.085

• Å, respectively, which are smaller than those on SiO2 (2.527 Å) and MgO(100) (2.099 Å) substrates. These low d-spacing values can be caused by the microstrain in all Fe3O4 samples [27][28]. The Fe3O4 film grown on the multilayer structure is under a higher compressive strain of −0.70% and −0.67

• affected by the internal energy of the [111] direction in addition to effects from the buffer layer. This explains the highest microstrain value in sample 3. The difference in lattice constants between MgO and Ta (cubic, aTa = 3.3058 Å [34]) puts the MgO buffer layer under a higher strain and creates a

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• the spatial coordinate and time t. Further, van de Walle [79] suggested that the electron–phonon coupling Hamiltonian (Hel−ph) can be simplified to where ∂E(k) is the induced band edge shift due to the acoustic phonon and ∂V/V0 is the fractional change in the unit cell volume due to the strain

• of the effective masses. The elastic constant C can be derived by knowing the interatomic force constant, calculated applying a uniaxial strain δ in the direction of lattice vector a: where A0 is the surface area of the unit cell.The deformation potential Edp can be calculated using a band edge

• variation formulation Edp = ∂Eedge/∂δ, where Eedge is the valence and conduction band edge, and Edp is computed by imposing a compressive and tensile strain δ to the unit cell. After substituting the values of Edp, elastic constant C, and average effective mass md, we calculate the mobility of the charge

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

Ca_n neutral clusters: a two-step G₀W₀ and DFT benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Sundas Zafar,
• Sumayya Abdul Wadood,
• Kareem Morsy and
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1010–1016, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.82

• cluster. Ca8 is a pentagonal bipyramid structure with a capped atom, which disrupts its symmetry from a perfect pentagonal bipyramid. This symmetry breaking can also be a possible reason, as it might generate a structure with increased surface strain or less favorable bonding environments. Apart from this

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• behavior shows that grain boundaries are crucial in inhibiting the propagation of strain and stress. As the average grain size of the GNG sample increases, the range of shear strain distribution and average von Mises stress decreases. Moreover, the cutting chips become thinner and longer. The subsurface

• through grain refinement can increase the strength further without adjusting the composition. Wei et al. used a mechanical surface abrasion treatment to prepare a CoCrNi MEA with a grain-size-gradient structure with excellent strain hardening potential compared with spark plasma sintering fine-grained

• /molecularly parallel simulator (LAMMPS) software [16][17], and the GNG model substrates were built from the ATOMSK software [18]. Deformation response, molecular structure, and atomic strain behavior were observed using the Open Visualization Tool (OVITO) software [19][20]. The mechanisms of phase transitions

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• capacity confidence intervals of the scaffolds. The elongation at breakpoint values were determined from the elongation and load values. For statistical tests, a nonparametric one-way ANOVA analysis (Welch’s correction) was performed (GraphPad Inc., USA). The stress–strain curves were also calculated from

• the linear part of the stress–strain curve [45]. The slope of the linear function gives the Young’s modulus. Antibacterial activity The Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was applied to test the antibacterial activity of the scaffolds containing different salts [46][47]. The experiment was performed

• using four bacterial strains (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC): E. coli (Gram-negative), P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative), S. epidermidis (Gram-positive), and B. subtilis (Gram-positive). A 24 h culture was made from each strain, and an amount of inoculum was suspended into 5 mL of saline solution

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• symmetries in the ZnS wurtzite phase in non-polarized measurements, (iii) some contribution from the surface optical SO modes, which are inherent to porous and nanostructured materials [37][38], (iv) interaction of LO phonon modes with plasmons (LOPC), and (v) effects of strain and phonon confinement [37

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• ]. Figure 2 shows the property of ceria nanoplates with multi-antioxidant activities and the relationship between lattice thickness, Ce3+ concentration, and the resulting strain in ceria with specific surface orientation (100) [32]. Similarly, a large number of different metal-based nanomaterials have been

• generating silver nanoparticles from silver ions, whereas hyaluronic acid enhanced hydrophilicity and strain activities. To enhance wound repair, metal or metal oxide-based nanoantioxidants can be conjugated with miRNA146a. Because of the capability of miRNA146a to downregulate IL-6 and IL-8 expression, this

• thickness, Ce3+ concentration, and the resulting strain in ceria with specific surface orientation (100). Figure 2 was adapted with permission from [32]. Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) Percent injected dose (%ID) in blood of EaNA and Cy5-labeled human

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• , Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.34 Abstract Strain sensors are sensitive to mechanical deformations and enable the detection of strain also within integrated electronics. For flexible displays, the use of a seamlessly integrated strain sensor would be beneficial

• applied strain on NCG placed on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates provide intriguing insights into the underlying mechanism. Raman measurements, in conjunction with strain applied to NCG grown on flexible glass, indicate that the strain is concentrated at the grain boundaries for smaller strain

• values. For larger strains, mechanisms such as grain rotation and the formation of nanocracks might contribute to the piezoresistive behavior in nanocrystalline graphene. Keywords: grain boundary; nanocrystalline graphene; strain sensor; Raman; tunneling and destruction; Introduction Flexible strain

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• increased 10-fold (from 0.4 mg/mL for bulk BNZ to 3.99 mg/mL for BNZ-NC) [49]. After oral administration of BNZ-NC to an acute murine model infected with the Nicaragua strain of T. cruzi at 300 mg/kg total dose (TD) (30 days treatment) and 375 mg/kg TD (15 days treatment), which was about half of the 750 mg

• gastrointestinal fluids. BNZ-SNEDDSs resulted in the same percentage of cure (57%) as free BNZ in an acute murine model infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi [52]. In a subsequent report, BNZ and nifurtimox (NFX) were loaded in a solid formulation of SNEDDSs, and their administration at 25 and 50 mg/kg/day (BNZ

• amphotericin B relapsed after immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide, or amastigotes remained in tissues of all mice, particularly in the heart and brain after treating a chronic model of infection with T. cruzi CL strain [66]. The failure of liposomal amphotericin B was likely because therapeutic targets in

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• of MoS2 flakes produced by different methods. Among these techniques, Raman spectroscopy is widely used thanks to its convenience, non-destructiveness, and sensitivity to materials change, including strain, temperature, doping, and defects [26]. Concerning the characterization of MoS2 flakes

• factors (e.g., stacking, strain, doping, and defects), the Raman intensities measured with a single laser wavelength close to exciton energies can be affected by external factors and differ for samples elaborated by different methods. For these reasons and in the aim to use Raman spectroscopy to count the

• exfoliated MoS2, because the A1g and E12g frequencies, and thus the value of ΔωA−E, can be affected by different factors such as stacking order, strain, doping, and defects which can be present in MoS2 flakes prepared by other ways [44][46][47][48][49]. To evaluate the number of layers, we can also use

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• durability. These impressive attributes are attributed to the deliberate design of geometric structures and careful selection of connection types for the sensing materials, thereby presenting a novel approach to fabricating stretchable and highly sensitive crack-strain sensors. This work offers a universal

• platform for constructing strain sensors with both high sensitivity and stretchability, showing a far-reaching significance and influence for developing next-generation practically applicable soft electronics. Keywords: crack sensors; helical structure; polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS); ultrahigh sensitivity

• ], monitoring human health [6][7][8], medical treatment [9][10], soft robotics [11][12], and human–computer interaction [13][14][15]. Numerous flexible strain sensors employing various mechanisms such as piezoresistivity [16][17], capacitance [18][19], and piezoelectricity have been developed to fulfill the

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• microscopy based on electromechanical coupling due to a strain-dependent kinetic inductance of a superconducting nanowire. The force sensor is a bending triangular plate (cantilever) whose deflection is measured via a shift in the resonant frequency of a high-Q superconducting microwave resonator at 4.5 GHz

• . We present design simulations including mechanical finite-element modeling of surface strain and electromagnetic simulations of meandering nanowires with large kinetic inductance. We discuss a lumped-element model of the force sensor and describe the role of an additional shunt inductance for tuning

• ][7]. We recently introduced such a sensor based on the electromechanical coupling between surface strain and kinetic inductance of a superconducting nanowire [8]. In this paper, we describe in detail the fabrication and characterization methods of these kinetic inductive mechano-electric coupling

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• the attachment of the sample to the measuring system. The frequency-dependent measurement was performed at an initial strain of 1% and at an angular frequency of 0.1–100 rad/s at 30 °C. The number of data points collected was 31. Results and Discussion Characterization of GO-VTES XRD Figure 3 shows

• those reported on graft copolymerization of VTES onto NR [17][18]. Properties of DPNR/GO-VTES Stress–strain curves Figure 10 shows stress–strain curves for DPNR/GO-VTES(a), GO-VTES(b), and DPNR/GO as a control sample. The amount of GO, GO-VTES(a), and GO-VTES(b) used in graft copolymerization was 0.5

• . Table 2 shows the value of stress at strain of 100%, 300%, 500%, stress at break, and strain at break for DPNR/GO-VTES(a), DPNR/GO-VTES(b), and DPNR/GO. The samples DPNR/GO-VTES(a) and DPNR/GO-VTES(b) have higher stress values at 100%, 300%, and 500% than those of DPNR/GO. This was due to silica

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• ]. Preliminary larvicidal assay The protocol involved exposing III–IV-instar larvae to terpenes and terpene-based nanoemulsions; the mortality was recorded after 24 h. The laboratory-susceptible reference strain (Bora) from French Polynesia was utilized. The experimental protocol adhered to WHO guidelines with

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• mechanism of BBR against a standard strain Staphylococcus aureus, whereby BBR inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall and an aromatic amino acid induces oxidative damage and decreases stress resistance. Besides, BBR was found to inhibit MRSA biofilm formation with the concentration in the range of 1–64 mg/L

• used to prepare all solutions. All the chemicals were used without any purification. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strain were isolated from clinical samples of hospitalized patients and stored according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) regulations. The

• microbiological associates-104 cell line is an epithelial cell from fetal kidney of an African green monkey. The bacterial strain and the MA-104 cell line were provided by the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Vietnam. Preparation of electrospun PLA, BBR/PLA and BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• matching lattice parameters and following the experimental data if available. Moreover, different mutual positions of the slabs were considered in order to find the best atomic arrangement. It can be easily noticed that (001) faces of Au-fcc and Ge can form an almost strain-free heterostructure if the gold

• same Ge(001) slab. We note that now we get a strain-free interface only in one direction, and we need a few Au and Ge slabs to reduce the lattice strain in the perpendicular direction. Alternatively, the Au-fcc(011)/Ge(001) heterostructure can be built using a Ge slab marked with the green square, as

• ) interface only. To model the heterostructure, we multiply the relevant Au and Ge surfaces (shown in Figure 1d,e) to obtain minimal strain within a reasonable size of the system. Results and Discussion Convergence tests Ideally, the thickness of the slabs should be large enough to ensure that all the surface

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• effect of gravity on the displacement is taken into account. The voltage excitation signal is introduced to the LNO terminals as shown in the inset of Figure 2. The material properties of PZT and LNO thin films were derived from the literature and are summarized in Table 1. The strain-charge form is

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• , they irradiated it with 0.6 W·cm−2 power for 30 s, and the generated heat energy was captured using a IR thermal camera. The test result showed a tenfold increment in sensitivity compared to the visual colour change. Also it was possible to differentiate the targeted bacterial strain from six other

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• an atmosphere of 5% CO2. For the microscopic analyses, macrophages were grown in 25 cm2 bottles or on glass coverslips in 24-well plates; after 24 h of culture, they were treated for 24 h with different SPION concentrations. This study used the WHOM/BR/75/JOSEFA Leishmania amazonensis strain as a

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• between the core unit and aliphatic chains. When the meso positions of porphyrins were substituted with normal saturated alkyl chains (P-N), the porphyrin plane and the alkyl chain units exhibited torsional strain, resulting in a tilt angle between the porphyrin core and the direction of the alkyl chain

Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• , which is another interesting aspect of the analysis methodology. Amorphization coefficient The amorphization coefficient used to characterize damage formation in the irradiated sample is a modification of the strain formula adjusted to the needs of the MD simulations in this work. It is described in

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• of 1964 and its successive amendments and clarifications. Special attention was paid to Patient Rights in their relationship with health professionals and institutions and the National Law 25326 on the Protection of Personal Data. Parasites The T. cruzi strain K98 (TcI, low virulence) was used

• trypomastigote form was determined from concentration-response curves fitted through a nonlinear regression on GraphPad Prism version 8.0.1 software (San Diego, CA, USA). In vitro anti-amastigote effect Vero cells were infected with the trypomastigote form of GFP-expressing T. cruzi (K98 strain) [57] at a

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• the medium. The antibacterial effectiveness of the nanocomposite varied among the bacterial strains and pH values, which may be related to the antibacterial mechanism of AgNPs and the cell wall and membrane structure of each bacterial strain [50]. These findings suggest that the antibacterial activity

Transferability of interatomic potentials for silicene

• Marcin Maździarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 574–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.48

• all previously optimized structures were computed using the metric tensor formulation of strain in the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) [23]. The mechanical stability of the analyzed structures was verified by calculating the so-called Kelvin moduli [24][25]. To calculate the phonons, the

• -relaxed with the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm and, then, the elastic constants, Cij, were calculated for them using the stress–strain method with the maximum strain magnitude set to 10−6 [30][31]. In the z direction, a vacuum was set to 20 Å. To measure the performance of the analyzed interatomic