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Search for "washing" in Full Text gives 255 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

  • Limin Wang,
  • Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
  • Christiane Höppener,
  • Ulrich S. Schubert and
  • Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

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  • available microscope glass coverslips, cut into rectangles with a dimension of 20 × 10 mm, were used as substrates. The glass substrates were first cleaned by washing with demineralized water and ethanol followed by plasma cleaning (argon plasma, 5 min, Diener Electronics). For all experiments, a single
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Published 11 Jun 2021

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO3 nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

  • Ilka Simon,
  • Alexandr Savitsky,
  • Rolf Mülhaupt,
  • Vladimir Pankov and
  • Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

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  • . TEM samples were prepared by drop casting the with acetonitrile diluted material on 200 µm carbon-coated copper grids, followed by washing the grid several times with acetonitrile to remove the excess ionic liquid. The size distribution was determined manually or with the aid of the Gatan Digital
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Published 15 Apr 2021

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

  • Sahar Pourhoseini,
  • Reilly T. Enos,
  • Angela E. Murphy,
  • Bo Cai and
  • Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

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  • ICP-MS after washing. For both AgNP and Ag ion exposure, the amount of Ag that was taken up by cells increased as the Ag concentration increased, which is expected and consistent with previous literature [49][50]. There was a significant difference between Ag that was detected in the cells (or bound
  • synthesis, the NPs were washed by ultrafiltration (3 kDa cellulose membrane EMD Millipore) using a diafiltration technique to avoid drying and NP aggregation as well as to remove any residual reactants. The washing process was repeated at least three times and after each wash the trisodium citrate solution
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Published 24 Mar 2021

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

  • Barbora Svitkova,
  • Vlasta Zavisova,
  • Veronika Nemethova,
  • Martina Koneracka,
  • Miroslava Kretova,
  • Filip Razga,
  • Monika Ursinyova and
  • Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

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  • additional time of 1 h. Cell exposure was finished by sucking off the culture medium and washing the cells twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). An illustration of the treatment is shown in Figure 4. The final concentrations of individual inhibitors of endocytosis or cytoskeleton dynamics were prepared
  • . For F-actin staining, the coverslips were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488 Phalloidin or Alexa Fluor 546 Phalloidin (Life Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific) (dilution 1:500) at 37 °C for 1 h. After washing with PBS, 4,6-diamide-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (dilution 1: 500) was added for nuclear staining
  • (at 37 °C, 15 min). Finally, after washing with PBS and sterile water, the coverslips were mounted on glass slides with mounting medium (Sigma-Aldrich). Images were obtained with a fluorescent microscope (Axio Imager, Zeiss) using ISIS software from the company MetaSystems GmbH (Altlussheim, Germany
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Published 23 Mar 2021

Transient coating of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

  • Konstantin Paliienko,
  • Artem Pastukhov,
  • Michal Babič,
  • Daniel Horák,
  • Olga Vasylchenko and
  • Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

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  • achieved. In the next step, the magnetite colloid was stabilized with 0.1 M sodium citrate solution under sonication. The formation of maghemite was completed by oxidation of the magnetite colloid with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution and a subsequent sonication for 5 min. The final washing of the maghemite
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Published 10 Sep 2020

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO3 nanoparticles

  • Adnanullah Khan,
  • Amir Habib and
  • Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

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  • ) and (200) differentiates tetragonal BTO from cubic BTO [20]. Thus, as-prepared BTO nanoparticles are monocrystalline and exhibit a tetragonal lattice structure. Also, there is no sign of any impurity due to the repeated washing of BTO nanoparticles with dilute formic acid solution, which removes
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Published 10 Aug 2020

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

  • Maria Suciu,
  • Corina M. Ionescu,
  • Alexandra Ciorita,
  • Septimiu C. Tripon,
  • Dragos Nica,
  • Hani Al-Salami and
  • Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

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  • histidine–proline-rich glycoprotein, kininogen, prekallikrein, mannose-binding lectins, complement factors, clotting factors, immunoglobulins, fibronectin, and fibrinogen. They obtained the equivalent of 1 mg of proteins bound to 1 mg of iron oxide (in the case of extensive washing). This corona of proteins
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Published 27 Jul 2020

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

  • Vander A. de Castro,
  • Valber G. O. Duarte,
  • Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
  • Geraldo H. Silva,
  • Vera R. L. Constantino,
  • Frederico G. Pinto,
  • Willian R. Macedo and
  • Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

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  • ; nitric acid (HNO3, 65.0%) was provided by F. Maia; sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 99.0%) was provided by Isofar and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, 2.5%) was supplied by Merck. Water used for synthesis and washing of LDH was deionized by a Milli-Q® system. Synthesis of the layered double hydroxide The ZnAl-NAA-LDH
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Published 24 Jul 2020

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

  • Jonathan Stott and
  • Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

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  • gas atmosphere followed by three washing steps with fresh toluene followed by drying under argon and under vacuum. Crosslinking of the grafted silanes was performed at 120 °C under vacuum for two hours. Amino-prefunctionalized ALOX-membranes were stored under inert gas atmosphere until use. NH2-ALOX
  • connected with a washing bottle filled with 1 M NaOH solution of water. 50 mL of anhydrous THF and the suspension was warmed up to 50 °C. Under a stream of argon, 3 g (10.1 mmol) of triphosgene was added and the suspension was stirred for 20 min. The suspension starts to clear up and portions of 100 mg of
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Published 17 Jun 2020

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

  • Secil Öztürk,
  • Yu-Xuan Xiao,
  • Dennis Dietrich,
  • Beatriz Giesen,
  • Juri Barthel,
  • Jie Ying,
  • Xiao-Yu Yang and
  • Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

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  • , it was washed with 200 mL diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl) (2 mol/L) for 24 h. The washing process was further continued with millipore water (3 × 75 mL), tetrahydrofuran (THF) (3 × 75 mL) and acetone (3 × 75 mL). The resulted product was dried under high vacuum at 120 °C overnight. The same procedure
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Published 11 May 2020

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

  • Xiangdong Ye,
  • Bo Tian,
  • Yuxuan Guo,
  • Fan Fan and
  • Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

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  • template, Kalsoom et al. [15] treated non-porous HPHT microdiamond powder with a size of 2–4 μm with sodium hydroxide and nitric acid followed by intensive washing with deionised water to reduce the tendency to agglomerate. Then, 30 wt % of the synthetic microparticles was added to the acrylate polymer to
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Published 20 Apr 2020

Examination of the relationship between viscoelastic properties and the invasion of ovarian cancer cells by atomic force microscopy

  • Mengdan Chen,
  • Jinshu Zeng,
  • Weiwei Ruan,
  • Zhenghong Zhang,
  • Yuhua Wang,
  • Shusen Xie,
  • Zhengchao Wang and
  • Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 568–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.45

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  • . Then, the culture medium was removed and 1 mL PBS was added to each culture dish. After washing three times with PBS, the samples with or without echinomycin treatments were fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 15 min, and 0.1% Triton-X-100 was used for permeabilization. After that, the cells were
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Published 06 Apr 2020

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

  • Ludovica Soddu,
  • Duong N. Trinh,
  • Eimear Dunne,
  • Dermot Kenny,
  • Giorgia Bernardini,
  • Ida Kokalari,
  • Arianna Marucco,
  • Marco P. Monopoli and
  • Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

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  • binding coronas as previously described [26]. After the last washing step, the pelleted samples were suspended in 20 μL PBS and 10 μL of 3X Blue Loading Buffer Reagents (New England biolabs) that contained DTT in a ratio of 1:10 following the manufacturer instructions. The samples were sonicated for 5 min
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Published 03 Apr 2020

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

  • Varsha Sharma and
  • Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

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Published 27 Mar 2020

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

  • Nicole Fillafer,
  • Tobias Seewald,
  • Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
  • Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

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  • nitrosobenzene (1.25 equiv) in glacial acetic acid. After stirring at 80 °C for 24 h a brown precipitate was obtained. The solid was dissolved in DCM and separated from the glacial acetic acid. After washing the organic phase with purified water three times the solvent was removed [62]. Chromatographic
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Published 17 Mar 2020

High dynamic resistance elements based on a Josephson junction array

  • Konstantin Yu. Arutyunov and
  • Janne S. Lehtinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 417–420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.32

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  • current values have been detected so far [10]. Later it was understood that the straightforward approach of using a high-Ohmic dissipative environment, Renv > RQ, is far from optimal, as it introduces Johnson noise, washing out the desired current singularities [11]. Various JJ-based systems were
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Published 03 Mar 2020

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

  • Gayathri Kandasamy,
  • Elena N. Danilovtseva,
  • Vadim V. Annenkov and
  • Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

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  • plate. When the cells reached confluency, medium was removed and non-adherent cells were removed by washing with PBS. The polyplexes containing fluorescent siRNA were added to 100 µL of serum-free media so that the final concentration of siRNA in the system was 100 nM. At pre-determined time points, the
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Published 17 Feb 2020

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

  • Maximilian Wassner,
  • Markus Eckardt,
  • Andreas Reyer,
  • Thomas Diemant,
  • Michael S. Elsaesser,
  • R. Jürgen Behm and
  • Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

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  • (HRTEM) images of the resulting particles showed that the graphite layers are arranged along the longitudinal axis of the fibers [37]. After the acidic washing process, neither XPS nor EDX showed, for g-NCS-850 and g-NCS-1000, Fe or Fe3C particles within the spheres, which are commonly found for the Fe
  • (similar N-configuration, N content, SSA/ESA, and microporosity), it is not astonishing that these two materials show comparable ORR activities (Figure 8a,d). Additionally, this result also strongly supports our claim that the acidic washing of the graphitized catalysts is able to largely remove the iron
  • ). Iron catalyst particles were removed by acid leaching with 2 M hydrochloric acid, followed by filtration, washing with aqua dest. to a neutral pH value and drying [32]. N-doping was realized in the same way as described for the NCS sample series; thereby the N-doping temperature is set to the same
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Published 02 Jan 2020

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

  • Arianna Gennari,
  • Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
  • Erwin Hohn,
  • Maria Pelliccia,
  • Enrique Lallana,
  • Roberto Donno,
  • Annalisa Tirella and
  • Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

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  • manufacturer’s instructions. After subsequent removal of medium and gentle washing with warmed PBS, 0.25 mL of complete medium containing 0.67 µg of anti-Luc siRNA (200 nM) encapsulated in nanoparticles (125 µg/mL) were added to each well, with anti-Luc siRNA/LTX complex used as a positive control for
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Published 30 Dec 2019

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

  • Anna V. Epanchintseva,
  • Julia E. Poletaeva,
  • Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
  • Elena I. Ryabchikova and
  • Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

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  • under stirring at 1000 rpm. Unbound siRNA was washed off with sodium citrate (1 mL, 3.88 mM;), followed by centrifugation for 30 min at 16000g and 25 °С. This procedure was used in all experiments for washing. The supernatant was removed and stored if necessary. The sol was diluted with sodium citrate
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Published 23 Dec 2019

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

  • Mohammad J. Akbar,
  • Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
  • Melania Giorgetti,
  • Leanne Stokes and
  • Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

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  • ) A549-GRPR cells were exposed to 1 μg/mL of control or target liposomes for 15–180 min before washing and analysis of liposomal 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DHPE)-fluorescein intensity by flow cytometry. Fold-change median fluorescence intensity (MFI) was determined by correcting
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Published 19 Dec 2019

Evaluation of click chemistry microarrays for immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

  • Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar,
  • Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
  • Vanessa Trouillet,
  • Hui-Yu Liu,
  • Ravi Kumar,
  • Annie K. Powell and
  • Michael Hirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2505–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.241

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  • probably caused by the drying effect that becomes more pronounced at elevated temperatures since the solvent evaporation is enhanced. When the material is dried out (and is thus only physisorbed onto the surface), it is more easily removed in the washing step before the fluorescence measurement. Based on
  • . Here, the fluorescence remaining after washing of the microarray is highly reduced (Figure S2b). Finally, it should be noted that unlabeled AFP can also be detected in this approach. For demonstration, unlabeled AFP was spotted by µCS and stained via the same type of biotinylated antibodies as
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Published 16 Dec 2019

The role of Ag+, Ca2+, Pb2+ and Al3+ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

  • Stefania D. Iancu,
  • Andrei Stefancu,
  • Vlad Moisoiu,
  • Loredana F. Leopold and
  • Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

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  • cationic adions present on the silver surface are responsible for the specific adsorption of the anionic analytes enabling a SERS switch-on effect. For this, we eliminated the excess of free, unadsorbed Ca2+, Pb2+ or Al3+ from the colloidal solution by washing the activated cit-AgNPs as described in the
  • Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5. Salicylic acid (50 µM) was added to the washed cit-AgNPs. The SERS spectrum of salicylic acid could be obtained only for the solutions containing cit-AgNPs that were activated with Ca2+, Pb2+ or Al3+ prior to washing (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5
  • ), whereas for the solutions with cit-AgNPs that were not activated with cations prior to washing, we did not obtain any SERS signal of salicylic acid indicating that salicylic acid did not adsorb on the bare cit-AgNPs. These results confirm that only the adsorbed cations facilitate the chemisorption of the
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Published 27 Nov 2019

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

  • Yan Liu,
  • Li Li,
  • Xing Chen,
  • Ying Wang,
  • Meng-Nan Liu,
  • Jin Yan,
  • Liang Cao,
  • Lu Wang and
  • Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

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  • 488) for 15 min, and the nuclei were stained blue by DAPI for 5 min. Finally, after washing once with PBS, the L929 cells were observed with a fluorescence microscope (Nikon ECLIPSE Ti). The images were captured using a Nikon DS-Ri2 camera, and imaging was repeated at least four times for each group
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Published 26 Nov 2019

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

  • Stefania Ordanini,
  • Wanda Celentano,
  • Anna Bernardi and
  • Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

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  • filtered through a celite pad (h = 6 cm, Φ = 2 cm), washing with toluene, and then the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in 112.5 mL of CH2Cl2, washed with brine (3 × 45 mL) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum, obtaining
  • performed by filtering the reaction mixture through a neutral alumina pad (h = 1.5 cm/mcrude (g), Φ = 2 cm), washing with CH2Cl2. Then the filtrate was dried under reduced pressure and the resulting crude was dissolved in the minimum amount of CH2Cl2 (ca. 1 mg/mL) and dripped in cold diethyl ether (CH2Cl2
  • , pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-bromo-isobutyrate, 2) 80 mg/mL in THF) were added to the monomers. The reaction mixture was stirred for 6 h at 50 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The purification was performed by filtering the reaction mixture through a neutral alumina pad (h = 1.5 cm/mcrude (g), Φ = 2 cm), washing with
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Published 07 Nov 2019
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