Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• factor enabling the efficient separation of plant material from the epoxy negative molds during polymer replication. The third level is characterized by aged and uniformly aligned low aspect ratio ridges in a labyrinth-type arrangement (at stages 4 and 5) in H. brasiliensis (Supporting Information File 1

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• were composed of many well aligned nanorods. The variations in potential barrier height at the contacts of the nanorods gave excellent gas sensing results towards hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The sensitivity response of the ZnO dendrite sensor at room temperature and the variation in sensitivity at

• that have aligned themselves in some specific way guided by surface diffusion during their growth. The transition of a fractal structure from one length-scale to another is the result of self-organization and/or re-organization process. Since fractals grow primarily via diffusion, the network is

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• observed with super-aligned carbon nanotubes (SACNT) decorated with AuNP (2 nm) [46]. The hybrid material was employed as a current-spreading layer in AlGaInP LED. At a current injection of 2 mA, a decrease in the forward voltage from 2.18 (without SACNT) to 2.03 V (with Au-coated SACNT) was noted. A

• reference. Figure 4a and Figure 4b were adapted from [45] (“Enhanced optical output power of blue light-emitting diodes with quasi-aligned gold nanoparticles“, © 2014 Y. Jin et al., distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• an additional mask which must be aligned to the front side pattern – a process requiring through-wafer alignment using infrared light. Other recent fabrication techniques include fixing a glass cover on silicon (GCoS) to manufacture microneedles for deep brain drug infusion. In this technique a glass

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• -coated PET films. A comparison of different parameters of AgNWs synthesized for transparent conducting PET films is presented in Table 1. The SEM analysis of the as-synthesized AgNWs shows that the nanowires exhibit parallel aligned noodle-like structures over large areas (Figure 4b,c). Along with the

• nanowire interactions. Also, the aligned assembly may not only yield reduced PET film roughness and resistance but also improved transmissivity. Here, AgNWs with lengths and diameters of 3.3–4.7 µm and 75–97 nm, respectively, have been formed in the reaction. The AgNWs with larger diameters yield lower

• optoelectronic devices and could be used in the place of ITO films. Conclusion A high yield of 100% pure and aligned arrays of silver nanowires was obtained by using a convenient template-free polyol method. We prepared AgNWs with an average length of 3.3–4.7 µm and a mean diameter of approximately 86 nm. The

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• filled with C60 (see white arrows). Step edges are known to be favorable anchoring sites and to easily trap molecules. Second, C60 molecules are observed in islands formed on the Au(111) surface and aligned along the step edges of the surface. Islands are observed at the bottom or on top of step edges

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• cells or on larger extensions of them (Figure 7a). Since they come along with anisotropic shapes and the wrinkles are usually aligned parallel to the long side of the cell or its extension, we suspect that they are related to the cytoskeleton underneath, that is, the membrane may cling to the proximate

• different rows along the fast scan direction were aligned by adjusting the row offset such that the median value of the difference between two neighboring rows equaled zero. The images shown in Figure 2a and Figure 2e were further processed by subtracting 2D polynomial backgrounds using Igor Pro to

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• ’-TiOx phase with a marked unit cell. The dark areas inside the trenches represent holes in the oxide film. (c) The z’-TiOx phase after deposition of W3O9 (≈0.1 monolayer coverage; 40 × 40 nm; UB = 1.00 V; IT = 86 pA). The clusters are always aligned along the trenches. (d) A submolecular resolution scan

Towards 3D self-assembled rolled multiwall carbon nanotube structures by spontaneous peel off

• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1865–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.168

• by the index with an ascending numerical order. Therefore, the two synthesis sequences described here lead to C1/N2/C3 and C1/N2/C3/N4 structures. The coupling of AACVD and CVD leads to MWCNTs with a compositional change [16]. In addition to obtaining the expected vertically aligned MWCNT forests or

• ., within the MWCNT). This scenario is supported by EDS and TEM data (Figure 4). Nanoparticles with higher atomic weight ratio appear as white features in SEM micrographs and as dark features in TEM micrographs. SEM characterization of vertically aligned MWCNTs, together with Raman spectra acquired on the

• ). In the case of only one junction, no peeling off is observed (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1 and Figure S2, and [16]). Considering that MWCNT forests of vertically aligned N-MWCNTs or C-MWCNTs are easily obtained [12][21], it is expected that, even in the case of a weak junction that

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• the contrast of certain compositional features of the sample. Crystalline materials can also give rise to additional contrast mechanisms. In crystalline materials, the stopping force depends on the orientation of the crystal [16]. Along some orientations, the target atoms are aligned in rows or planes

• . Since the extension arm is attached at 45°, the stage has to be tilted so that the sample can be aligned with the column axis. In order to allow the transmitted particles to reach the detector, we removed the sidewall of the cradle of the current stage. With a new dedicated stage design (currently under

Piezotronic effect in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction nanowires used as a flexible strain sensor

• Jianqi Dong,
• Liang Chen,
• Yuqing Yang and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1847–1853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.166

• spacing to 3 μm. Then, the wafer was etched by ICP. The etching depth reached the heavily doped GaN to expose the sacrificial layer for EC wet etching. Next, the wafer was laser-cut into a rectangular sample, where the NWs were aligned parallel to the long sides. One end of the sample was coated with a

Direct observation of the Si(110)-(16×2) surface reconstruction by atomic force microscopy

• Tatsuya Yamamoto,
• Ryo Izumi,
• Kazushi Miki,
• Takahiro Yamasaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1750–1756, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.157

• the 16×2 reconstruction area shown in Figure 1, and Figure 2d,e show the enlarged images of Figure 2a. Pairs of pentagons aligned in a zig-zag row were observed on the upper and lower terraces, which were also observed by STM [21]. Furthermore, several bright spots were observed at step edges. At the

• . In all images, five bright spots aligned in a pentagonal structure, marked as U-P1, U-P2, U-P3, U-P4, and U-P5 on the upper terrace and as L-P1, L-P2, L-P3, L-P4, and L-P5 on the lower terrace, were observed. Because the atomic contrast on a Si surface comes from dangling bonds of Si atoms in AFM

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

PTCDA adsorption on CaF₂ thin films

• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1615–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.144

• -corrected binding energy of −1.66 eV is assessed to be the optimum adsorption geometry for a single PTCDA molecule on a CaF2(111) surface. In this geometry, the PTCDA molecule is aligned with the long axis along the direction, which corresponds to an alignment with an angle of 30° off a CaF2 direction

Walking energy harvesting and self-powered tracking system based on triboelectric nanogenerators

• Mingliang Yao,
• Guangzhong Xie,
• Qichen Gong and
• Yuanjie Su

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1590–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.141

• transportation control, and for environmental monitoring. Experimental Surface modification of a PTFE film The surface modification of a PTFE film was performed in a similar manner as described previously [34]. Deep reactive ion etching was employed to construct PTFE nanowires aligned on the surface. Isopropyl

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• islands (Figure 2b, Figure 2c), with their long axes aligned parallel to each other and parallel to the substrate surface. This is typical for 6P on atomically clean and ordered substrates obtained from bulk oxides to metal substrates [21][22][23][24][25]. In the submonolayer coverage regime (Figure 2a

• ), we find molecules with different orientations coexisting on the surface. Their long axes are aligned along the principal crystallographic directions [001]/[010] and [011]. In the monolayer regime, molecules align either along [001]/[010] (Figure 2b) or [011] (Figure 2c), while in Figure 2d, where

• comparison shows that all charged molecules have their long axes aligned 45° with respect to the close-packed atomic rows of the substrate (i.e., along the [001]/[010] azimuths) in agreement with the orientation of the molecules obtained via STM in Figure 2b. Significantly, the theoretical maps shown in

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• , matched the submolecular contrast in the STM images, and thus supported this assignment. Based on this comparison, we ruled out strong adsorption-induced deformations of the molecule and concluded that the pyrene core adsorbed mostly flat, i.e., the π-conjugated core aligned parallel to the hBN sheet

• Figure 4b). These dimers formed rows, where one N atom of each unit was oriented towards the pyrene core of a neighboring dimer. This noncovalent interaction was described by the distance d1 (0.28 ± 0.05 nm, inset of Figure 4b). Multiple rows, aligned in parallel, with a well-defined registry

• HOMO−1→LUMO/HOMO→LUMO+2 transitions (estimated at λ = 273 nm (4.54 eV), f = 1.10), with the transition dipole moments aligned along the 1- and 6-positions (towards the pyridin-4-ylethynyl termini) and the short molecular axes of the central pyrene core. On the other hand, the tetrapyrenyl transition

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• -volume ratio, increasing the surface of the atoms [19]. In addition, when a magnetic field is applied the magnetic moments of these ferromagnetic FeO NPs become aligned. The surface of the SPIONs can be modified to specifically improve their functionality as antimicrobial compounds by increasing their

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• Abstract The wafer-level integration of high aspect ratio silicon nanostructures is an essential part of the fabrication of nanodevices. Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) is a promising low-cost and high-volume technique for the generation of vertically aligned silicon nanowires. Noble metal

• random structures are typically vertically aligned nanowires, also called nanorods. Silicon nanowire arrays can be designed to have a low reflectance of about 1% in a broad spectral range, depending on their geometry. These silicon structures exhibit efficient light trapping because photons are scattered

• . The selection of the noble metal and the noble metal particle formation process play an important role in the whole integration. The resulting structures range from a rough surface, over sponge-like nanoporous films to vertically aligned nanowires. Depending on the target application one can tune the

Protruding hydrogen atoms as markers for the molecular orientation of a metallocene

• Linda Laflör,
• Michael Reichling and
• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.127

• Figure 2e) evolve on one side of a sharp line connecting the weights of the dumbbells. For an interpretation of the NC-AFM contrast, we run simulations based on the probe particle model [23] for three molecules aligned along , each molecule being in the DFT-optimised adsorption geometry geo 1 [22], as

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• the C-matrix and the Pt-NPs during the process. The carbon support consists of carbon nanowalls (CNWs), which are vertically aligned, multilayer graphene nanosheets [18][19]. The morphology of the CNWs, the amount of platinum loading as well as the size of the platinum NPs can be precisely adjusted

• by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Results and Discussion One-step synthesis and its product Platinum acetylacetonate was used as a single-source precursor for the deposition of Pt-NPs embedded in the supporting CNW matrix. CNWs are vertically aligned, graphitic, multilayer carbon sheets, which

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• aligned along one of the main symmetry axes of the graphite lattice. The tetradecyloxy chains in the neighboring lamellae are arranged in a tail-to-tail fashion without any interdigitation. The lamellae make an angle of ≈8° with respect to the nearest symmetry axis of graphite. The unit cell parameters of

• deduced that they are aligned along the n-C50 molecular axis as highlighted by the white dashed arrows which indicate the long molecular axes of the n-C50 and the BA-OC14 molecules (also see Figure S6 in Supporting Information File 1). However, we also discovered that in a few cases the two molecules are

• not always aligned as is the case in Figure 5a–c. For n-C50, the chosen optimal concentration was 1.0 × 10−4 M, because at this concentration we observed reasonably high average domain size and relatively low dynamics within the n-C50 monolayer. Lowering the concentration of BA-OC14 further (range

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• varying the thickness of the N spacer to organize antiparallel (AP), parallel (P) or non-collinearly aligned F layers [27]. Also, the presence of superconducting correlations in the same F/N/F system would favor AP alignment for singlet pairing or a NC configuration to generate a long-range triplet

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces

• Karl Rothe,
• Alexander Mehler,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1157–1167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.100

• energy since the HOMO resonance essentially retains its energy at approx. −0.87 eV. Assuming that C42H28 is weakly coupled to the substrate, its orbital energies are expected to be aligned with the vacuum level [46] and, thus, susceptible to local changes in the work function. Site-specific work

• C42H28 adsorption on Au(111) with molecular rows being aligned with the separation of the fcc (bright dots) and hcp (dark dots) stacking domains of the surface reconstruction. (a) Spectrum of dI/dV (dots) recorded above a C42H28 phenyl group on Au(111) with the spectroscopic signature of the HOMO

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• electrochemical etching, to the best of our knowledge, there is only one report on the preparation of high-aspect-ratio vertically aligned GaAs nanowires with a diameter of about 200 nm and a length of 100 µm on GaAs(111)B wafers with a carrier concentration in the range of (1–2) × 1018 cm−3 [27]. Bundles of