Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• 40–50 nm in diameter [14], or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins [15]. Inorganic nanoparticles are frequently engineered with an organic surface coating to improve their biocompatibility, colloidal stability, and bioavailability. Moreover, the coating facilitates their further

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• surface of the material. Apart from cell biologic parameters, the adhesion interface area and the speed of its formation provide insights concerning the biocompatibility of the surface with regard to osteoblastic cells [11]. Dynamic remodeling of the cytoskeleton is the basis for shape adaptation and

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• nanostructures using plants and plant extracts has recently gained more attention. These methods can act as appropriate alternatives for other methods as a result of their simplicity, low-cost, non-toxicity, and simple scale-up capability [186]. In addition, thanks to their non-pathogenic and biocompatibility

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• biocompatibility, photothermal efficiency, low Seebeck coefficient, as well as good conductivity. They synthesized tantalum carbide MXene sheets from a tantalum aluminum carbide (Ta4AlC3) MAX phase through etching the intermediate aluminium with the aid of hydrofluoric acid (HF). Analysis of the synthesized

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• shells with thickness values of 7 nm or even 21 nm were not sufficient to completely hinder the release of lanthanide ions from UCNPs. According to MTT assays and, more specifically, cell cycle analysis, the UCNPs did not exhibit a biocompatibility level similar to that of silica particles without a

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• from PEI make the CNTs much more soluble in aqueous solution and thus improve their biocompatibility [37]. Furthermore, surface modification with PEGylated agents or positively charged groups can protect the nanocarriers by providing a steric barrier from being recognized and captured by the

Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

• Serguei Chiriaev,
• Luciana Tavares,
• Vadzim Adashkevich,
• Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
• Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

• high transparency, biocompatibility, and low cost, enable the broad use of PDMS for the fabrication of microfluidic, microelectromechanical, and microoptical devices [20]. The effects of ion irradiation on chemical and physical properties and on the surface morphology of PDMS have been extensively

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• regarding safety has attracted significant attention [4][5]. The calcium phosphate (CaP) co-precipitation method has been extensively used for gene delivery due to its excellent biocompatibility and simple preparation [6]. CaP is commonly considered as one of the most important inorganic materials for

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• treatment of a wide variety of diseases. However, the slow progress in the field has resulted in relatively few therapies being translated into the clinic. Anisotropic synthetic protein nanoparticles (ASPNPs) show potential as a next-generation drug-delivery technology, due to their biocompatibility

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• antimicrobial studies revealed good antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. flexneri, and S. aureus cells [123]. Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are a special class of metal-oxide NPs with magnetic properties and excellent biocompatibility. Their shape

• stability and good biocompatibility [20]. The Si NPs enhance the bactericidal effects of some compounds, mainly metallic systems, against a broad range of microorganisms due to their easy delivery [20][140]. In addition, their surfaces can be easily modified by relatively inexpensive precursors which can

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• electrical conductivity and good biocompatibility [28][29][30]. Studies have indicated that graphene still maintains an excellent charge/discharge performance at an electrochemical scan rate of almost 250 mV·s−1 [31] and has an excellent cycle performance and fast charge/discharge characteristics [32

Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1207–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.105

• nanoparticle coating plays an important role in the nanoparticle dispersion stability and biocompatibility. However, theoretical studies in this field are lacking. In addition, the ways in which the nanoparticle coating influences the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles are not yet understood. In order to

• other hand, organic coating (particularly polymers) has a number of advantages over inorganic coating, such as better particle dispersion, good colloidal stability, biocompatibility, good nanoparticle circulation in the blood, reduced toxicity and low risk of blood capillary obstruction. In the last

• biocompatibility or to enable specific hydrophilic properties, nanoparticles were coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [16]. Experimental data concerning how different coatings influence nanoparticle magnetic properties are quite controversial. A few studies indicate that a thin polymer coating layer enhances

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• have advantages over other NPs, such as controlled and sustained release, enhanced solubility and biocompatibility [30][31][32]. Within the wide variety of existing nanomaterials with antibacterial properties, photothermally active nanoparticles, with absorption in the visible–near-infrared (NIR

• NIR irradiation. Among other examples of photothermally active nanoparticles applied for bacteria eradication it is worth mentioning the MoS2 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have a good biocompatibility and a high photothermal conversion efficiency over a broad NIR range [95]. PEG-MoS2 nanoflowers

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• antibacterial properties of TiO2 in the presence of silver were examined. The formation of Ag–TiO2 NCs was analyzed through various characterization techniques. The cell viability experimental results demonstrated that the Ag–TiO2 NCs have good biocompatibility. The antibacterial activity of the prepared Ag

• (NCs) have been considered as an alternative since they contain a small amount of Ag in a highly biocompatible material. Along these lines, TiO2 NPs have been used worldwide in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness [15]. Moreover, TiO2 NPs are inorganic materials

• incubated with NPs was higher than 80% even at high NP concentrations. The cytotoxicity results demonstrate that the NCs have a good biocompatibility which is needed for biomedical applications. A number of intrinsic factors such as shape, size and surface chemistry of the nanostructures strongly influence

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• invested nowadays in developing coatings with certain characteristics, depending on the final application (e.g., biocompatibility/low toxicity, targeting a certain cell/compartment/molecule, or stability in biological fluids) [16]. SPIONs are superparamagnetic, which means that they are small enough to

• HeLa cells up to 400 µg/mL, but the coating enhanced the effect of the hyperthermia water-bath treatment [45]. This effect of biocompatibility at 37 °C and cytotoxicity at 42 °C, even at micromolar concentrations, was noted already earlier by other groups [89][90]. Recently, in a study of SPION

• -coated SPIONs capped with epidermal growth factor and green fluorescent protein to target atherosclerotic plaques for MRI detection in vivo with good biocompatibility and good targeting resolution, showing that for this application retention time and dimension of the PEG-coated SPIONs were ideal [131

Uniform Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging

• Miao Qin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Mengjie Xu,
• Hui Yan,
• Yizhu Cheng,
• Xiumei Zhang,
• Di Huang,
• Weiyi Chen and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1000–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.84

• distributed Fe3O4/Gd2O3 nanocubes for T1–T2 dual-mode MRI contrast agents were successfully designed and synthesized. In order to increase hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, the nanocubes were coated with nontoxic 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHCA). The results show that iron (Fe) and gadolinium (Gd

• Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been extensively investigated as MRI contrast agents due to their biocompatibility, many recent studies concerning T1–T2 dual-mode contrast agents use Fe3O4 nanoparticles [22]. For example, Zhou et al. [23] demonstrated that uniformly distributed Gd-embedded Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• usual requirements for tissue engineering materials (i.e., full biocompatibility, integration, and stimulation of the respective tissues), motion-activated cell support should also exhibit mechanical compliance with the surrounding tissue environment [13][14][15]. Natural polymers, in particular

• polysaccharides such as alginate, hyaluronic acid or chitosan, are widely used as biocompatible materials since they are biochemically similar to the native extracellular matrix (ECM) [16]. Chitosan is a biopolymer that combines excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity and antibacterial properties with a low

• fibers could be easily attracted to and reversibly stretched by a permanent neodymium magnet (Figure 5 and Supporting Information File 2). Based on what has already been established in terms of biocompatibility of chitosan–IOP blends [39], the fibers generated in this study are therefore highly

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• and high biocompatibility. SPIONs are metabolized in the lysosomes into a soluble non-superparamagnetic form or iron. Then, iron ions join the iron pool in the blood and can be incorporated by erythrocytes as part of hemoglobin [21][183]. However, the concern about serious anaphylactic reactions, the

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• between the number of numerous formulation types synthesised in research laboratories and those approved for clinics [1], mainly due to the lack of understanding on the nanoparticles (NPs) behaviour in complex media that can affect their efficacy and their biocompatibility [2]. Safe-by-design (SbD

• vivo. However, the reduction of the diameter to less than 100 nm appears to improve the stability of CNPs and possibly their biocompatibility. Further in vivo investigations will be necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Representative SEM micrographs of silica and carbon nanoparticles. The scale bar in

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• easy oxidation, the extensive use in bioimaging remained a challenge. Therefore, efforts have been made to prepare silicon quantum dots (SQDs) [28]. SQDs exhibit relatively low cytotoxicity and better biocompatibility compared to SCQDs. Moreover, SQDs show broad absorption spectra, higher

• . Review Luminescent gold nanoclusters Luminescent AuNCs show high photostability and biocompatibility and are nontoxic [41]. Their size is highly precise and small compared to QDs, offering a better internalization in cells and tissues [42][43][44][45][46][47]. The presence of surface ligands allows for a

• additional challenges. This is attributed to an increased complexity, a decreased transmission of visible light through biological tissues, the interaction with various biomolecules and a possible degradation of the luminescent materials. However, NIR emission, biocompatibility, and photothermal stability

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• one polymeric component does not hinder the specific functionality of other polymeric components (e.g., biocompatibility and biodegradability). Moreover, no charge reversal process occurs, which improves the stability of multilayer capsules. Host–guest interactions Host–guest types of interactions are

Nanoarchitectonics: bottom-up creation of functional materials and systems

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 450–452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.36

• approaches collected in this thematic issue strikingly demonstrates the wide-range application of this concept. In addition to the bottom-up creation of new functional materials and systems, the inclusion of several additional factors, such as biocompatibility [41] and connection with wet ionic systems [42

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• ]. Recently, the use of VLPs with high loading capacity and biocompatibility has reached clinical stages [16][17]. Plant virus VLPs have received less attention, since for most of the viral vector developments bacteriophages and complex mammalian viruses are used. However, due to their easy production

• properties of biomedical interest are demonstrated, such as biocompatibility, tumor cell internalization, and their efficiency as nanocarriers for siRNA delivery. In addition, the capacity of the BMV and CCMV viruses to modulate the immune response in vitro was also analyzed. Results and Discussion Cell

• surface is not a limiting factor for the cell internalization of BMV and CCMV. Thus, it seems possible that the capsid internalization could be carried out by macropinocytosis, a process independent of vimentin. Biocompatibility of CCMV and BMV A possible virus cytotoxicity was evaluated. BMV and CCMV

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• systems have emerged as a front-runner for gene delivery applications due to their polycationic nature, biocompatibility as well as the ability to escape the endosome by activating the proton sponge mechanism. In an earlier report, histidylated poly(ʟ-lysine) was found to exhibit high transfection

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• a concentration-mediated hemolytic effect. These biogenic CB-Hap NRs with improved physicochemical properties, blood compatibility and antibacterial efficacy could be highly beneficial for orthopedic applications in the future. Keywords: antibacterial activity; biocompatibility; bone implant

• the bone and dental implant field. However, the development of a novel biomaterial for hard tissue treatments is still a major challenge due to the high material cost and lack of biocompatibility. Moreover, a highly biocompatible material, such as calcium phosphate, is required to overcome the

• powder to prepare Hap is their cost effectiveness and ecologically friendly nature, high availability, enhanced interconnectivity, and biocompatibility [14]. Recently, it was reported that the bonding ability of the scaffold with surrounding tissues is determined by the porosity of the material and that