Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• less than 1.5 nm thickness and a flake size distribution from 18 to 308 nm. The calculated ratio between the intensity of the D (ID) and G (IG) bands of Raman is ID/IG = 0.85, indicating that the material has a high number of defects, an indirect indication of oxidation. The surface chemical

• defects, one of the armchair edges presents hydroxy groups and one of the zigzag edges presents a broken epoxy site. Figure 3 presents the dynamics of a representative configuration of TA interacting with GO flake. Comparing the evolution of the TA’s configurations in the different simulations, the

• the TA conformations on the GO surface and to calculate the adsorption energy of TA with density functional theory (DFT). Most interactions between TA and GO occurred through the oxygenated defects in the middle of the sheet and TA oxygen functional groups, as shown in Figure 3. However, it is also

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• explained by the influence of the microwave irradiation, which is known to create materials with fewer defects [49]. Porosimetry The nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and pore size distributions are presented in Figure 7. The adsorption and desorption branches for both samples appear to be almost

• spectra (Figure 8) depict the light absorption mainly in the 200–400 nm range for both samples. The MW sample exhibits a higher light absorption and a tendency of main broad band to split at 330 nm. The long absorption tails in the visible domain can be assigned to the presence of surface defects [50

• defects of ZnO nanoparticles. The first peak is attributed to band edge free excitons [51] and the second to bound excitons [51][52]. The lower PL signal of the SG sample relative to the MW sample suggests a slower rate of recombination for photogenerated charges and, consequently, a much more efficient

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• the optimum performance of the proposed device, we have optimized the performance of the cell module by varying the layer thicknesses of HTL, ETL, and absorber. Also, we have tested the performance of the device under the influence of varying defects densities in the active layer and the interfaces

• resistance and higher losses [59]. We set the optimal absorber thickness at 2 µm, above which the parameter variation was only very little. Effect of defects in the absorber layer Halide pervoskites are generally considered as defect-resilient; yet, deep level defects shows significant impact on the device

• performance. This is due to the decrement in the lifetime of the charge carriers because of the shorter diffusion length, which results from the higher defect densities [62]. We can observed that the performance parameters decrease significantly above defect densities of 1015 cm−3. Effect of interface defects

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• irregularities such as kinks or defects at the edge are observed in the topography measurement. For example for the GNR where the cross section has been taken, marked by a black line, there is a kink associated with a darker region in the local work function, and in the topography image there are some small

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• can reach 550 W·m−1·K−1 after sintering at high pressure [73]. Nevertheless, surface defects and the granular shape of the NDs represent boundaries for phonon transport reducing the thermal energy propagation [74]. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of NDs increases with the increment of

• defects, including passivation and vacancies [78]. Deposition methods for the synthesis of carbon coatings The addition of nanostructured and nanosized carbon species into materials for biological applications can be attained by several techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• coordination number in an FCC unit cell without defects and for cutoff distances somewhat larger than the lattice constant is 12. Thus, for the lower temperatures considered, such as 100 K, the atoms exhibit preferably the equilibrium FCC structure, and the coordination number tends to the theoretical value of

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• biomimetic adhesives such as silicone rubbers, which behave more linear-elastically, show a dramatic difference in adhesion force with defects, whereas materials that are more viscoelastic, such as thermoplastic elastomers or polyurethanes, are less sensitive to small defects intentionally introduced into

• silicone rubber (C, D). Isotropic designs were initially produced with polyurethane, and then structural materials were swapped to thermoplastic elastomers, with directional adhesion created by deliberate defects in the caps (D). Electrically conductive composite versions and geckofluidics were created in

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• regeneration [25][29]. Polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds Bone has the ability to heal after fractures and to regenerate continuously. Nevertheless, tumor resections, traumatic bone loss, or large defects caused by infections cannot heal without surgical interventions, and treatments targeting skeletal

• high, beaded nanofibers and many other defects are formed mainly because of more unspun droplets as a result of larger droplet volume and increased bending instabilities [56][58]. Needle tip-to-collector distance Since the distance between needle tip and collector influences the amount of evaporated

• ’ recovery, ReBOSSIS is gradually replaced with bone. ReBOSSIS was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in April 2015, and it us available in the USA [102]. PLLA and collagen-containing scaffolds developed by The Electrospinning Company are used for biomedical applications in various bone defects

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• obvious. However, it is also affected by chip shape and defects such as grain boundaries and dislocations. The cutting force does not increase significantly at a cutting depth of 0.5 nm. Only as the cutting length increases, the number of accumulate atoms in the grooves slightly increases. When the

• mechanism of the material is very sensitive to the presence of defects [23]. For specimens in the range of 0.1–100 µm, the formation of voids at grain boundaries is the dominant defect and significantly affects the deformation behavior of the material. In contrast, voids seem negligible when the scale is

• changed to the nanoscale below 10 nm. Moreover, the simulation assumes perfect defects in polycrystalline CoCrNi MEAs, whereas the experimental samples always contain a variety of defects. However, the hardness results of the CoCrNi MEAs in this study are comparable to the MD results for NiCoCr multi

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• and no obvious defects. In order to further analyze the processing quality, a HIROX KH-7700 three-dimensional video microscope was used to examine the microtexture and blade surface morphology, as shown in Figure 19. The rib surface morphology and dimensional data are shown in Figure 19a. The

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• orientation is indicated by the (103) direction. In the high-resolution image, some edge-related defects can also be seen which is common in CVD-grown MoS2 materials [34]. Similarly, the WS2 sample exhibits a flake shape along with a high crystalline nature of the flakes (Figure 5c, Figure 5d). Figure 5e and

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• [23][24], or electrochemical properties [25] is a key topic of research. Factors such as flake size and shape, composition, density of defects, or doping significantly influence the response of 2D materials. Given the nanoscopic scale underlying the functionality of 2D materials, atomic force

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• ) which promotes the inclusion of heteroatoms into the CQDs. All the prepared CQDs samples presented an intensity ratio (ID/IG) around 1.0, which corresponds to a poor crystallinity in the CQDs and, as a consequence, a high relative content of defects. Photoluminescence spectra Investigating the

• fluorescence is intriguing and often associated with the presence of surface defects. Various researchers have highlighted the role of radiative recombination of electron–hole pairs and the influence of functional groups within the carbon network in driving the fluorescence phenomenon [24][30][31]. Furthermore

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• maximum (FWHM) as well as dislocation density values after annealing the samples at 450 °C indicates a reduction in structural defects and an enhancement in the crystallographic quality of the produced material. The determined parameter values for the 1×, 2×, and 3× samples exhibit only a minor range of

• reduction of defects, contamination of the film, as well as reconstruction of the film surface. Important information is provided by the histograms of the work function values as their shape indicates the non-uniformity of the contact voltage in the analyzed area. On the presented maps, a slight difference

• a lower signal, which means that the electrical properties of some grains had changed. These inhomogeneities may be caused by various factors. One is the effects occurring at grain boundaries or structural defects in the boundaries. The defects disrupt the crystalline order and affect the electronic

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• are seen at 144, 395, 516, and 639 cm−1, respectively [28]. In the Raman spectrum of GQDs, the peak at 1353 cm−1 can be attributed to the D band, which can be assigned to the vibrations of carbon atoms because of the presence of structural defects. The peak at 1576 cm−1 can be assigned to the G band

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• individual NWs (see Figure 1b and Figure 1c). The as-grown NWs typically are single crystalline without any distinguishable planar structural defects, such as twin boundaries or stacking faults. Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) was performed on the TEM images to ascribe the crystalline planes and determine

• error simulations of the geometry uncertainty indicate that a ±25 nm width error (SEM method) and ±15 nm height error (AFM method) for NWs with 100 nm width/height corresponds to the observed scattering in elastic modulus values in Figure 4. Finally, point defects, such as oxygen vacancies, can increase

• high concentration of such point defects. This could then partially be responsible for their lower elastic modulus values in comparison to that of the bulk material. Furthermore, planar structural defects, such as stacking faults, can also influence the mechanical properties of NWs. However, reports

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• in vacuum, as shown in Figure 5b. As it has been shown previously, the oxygen vacancy defects in nanocomposite materials can act as active centers during photocatalytic oxidation processes by capturing photoinduced electrons, thus contributing to a substantial improvement of photocatalytic activity

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• GQDs is still unclear. It is possible that electron–hole recombination, quantum effects, and surface defects in the functional groups of the GQDs are involved [18]. The XRD pattern of GQDs prepared from starch without iron and cobalt salts is presented in Figure 2c. The diffraction peaks of the GQDs

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• defects in the middle of the suspended part. This effect should be even more pronounced if we assume that a NW is deformed and stressed only in the early stage of the hot phase followed by a gradual relaxation of the NW by the means of heat-enhanced rearrangement of Ag atoms at the contact with the

• , especially considering the greatly reduced mobility of Ag atoms at lower temperatures preventing slippage of the NW relative to the Si substrate. As a result, defects and necking develop in the middle of the suspended part, which agrees with the experimentally observed necking in scheme 1 (Figure 4). As

• shown above (Figure 3), heat-induced splitting tends to first occur at regions that have significant structural defects, which is also discussed in more detail by Mayoral et al. [46] and Sun et al. [47]. According to the latter, atoms in a NW tend to diffuse away from the regions of critical defects

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• Karl Rothe Nicolas Neel Jorg Kroger Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.37 Abstract Low-energy argon ion bombardment of graphene on Ir(111) induces atomic-scale defects at the surface. Using a scanning tunneling microscope, the two

• smallest defects appear as a depression without discernible interior structure suggesting the presence of vacancy sites in the graphene lattice. With an atomic force microscope, however, only one kind can be identified as a vacancy defect with four missing carbon atoms, while the other kind reveals an

• intact graphene sheet. Spatially resolved spectroscopy of the differential conductance and the measurement of total-force variations as a function of the lateral and vertical probe–defect distance corroborate the different character of the defects. The tendency of the vacancy defect to form a chemical

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• , and graphene is already in use as a transparent and flexible conductor. However, graphene intrinsically lacks a strong response, and only by engineering defects, such as grain boundaries, one can induce piezoresistivity. Nanocrystalline graphene (NCG), a derivative form of graphene, exhibits a high

• density of defects in the form of grain boundaries. It holds an advantage over graphene in easily achieving wafer-scale growth with controlled thickness. In this study, we explore the piezoresistivity in thin films of nanocrystalline graphite. Simultaneous measurements of sheet resistance and externally

• increase of resistance in amorphous carbon and gold films at large strain is crack formation. Also, in NCG, which is full of GBs and defects, crack formation and propagation have to be considered [36]. Assuming nanocrack formation at the GBs, we could understand the entire piezoresistance curve in the

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• using atomic force microscopy, and induced damage profiles inside Si and Ge by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. The ripple wavelength was found to scale with ion fluence, and energetic ions created more defects inside Si as compared to that of Ge. Although

• clustering of defects leads to a subsequent increase of the damage peak in irradiated samples (for an ion fluence of ≈9 × 1017 ions/cm2) compared to that in unirradiated samples. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; ion beam; nanopatterns; radiation damage; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; transmission

• channelling mode have been used to study defects in crystals for more than a few decades now [33][34]. It imparts the useful information about the structure and composition of materials through the damage fraction studies of ion-bombarded crystalline samples by detecting the backscattered beam of high-energy

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• concentration within a metal oxide film is known to influence its bandgap and work function values. As OV increases, there is a corresponding rise in electron concentration within the bandgap region, which results in the formation of certain localized electronic states associated with these vacancy defects

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• of MoS2 flakes produced by different methods. Among these techniques, Raman spectroscopy is widely used thanks to its convenience, non-destructiveness, and sensitivity to materials change, including strain, temperature, doping, and defects [26]. Concerning the characterization of MoS2 flakes

• factors (e.g., stacking, strain, doping, and defects), the Raman intensities measured with a single laser wavelength close to exciton energies can be affected by external factors and differ for samples elaborated by different methods. For these reasons and in the aim to use Raman spectroscopy to count the

• domains as well as a higher number of defects. Exfoliated MoS2 flakes as reference samples We performed Raman experiments on mechanically exfoliated MoS2 [1] that will serve as reference samples. The stacking sequence in exfoliated MoS2 flakes is of the 2Hc-type [34]. The common feature of all these

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• the Fe3O4 NPs [45]. Various factors such as the crystal structure of the material, dimensions, morphology, and density of crystal defects significantly affect the magnetic properties [46]. The saturation magnetization (Ms) values of NPs measured at 298 K using a VSM are given in Figure 2c. The values