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Search for "flexible" in Full Text gives 330 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

  • Thies H. Büscher and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

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  • , and to suggest a rapid response and versatile adaptability of the AMS in a relatively short evolutionary time [163]. The Turing model indicates a fast response when animals face changes in surface composition, contributing to a flexible adaptability of the functionalized attachment surfaces. Similar
  • , which makes the pad material even more flexible. The structural anisotropy of the pad material is also responsible for the frictional anisotropy [129]. The friction is higher while the pad is sliding in a proximal direction because the fibres of smooth pads or hairs of hairy pads can be more easily
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Published 15 Jul 2021

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

  • Yicheng Shao,
  • Maoliang Shen,
  • Yuankai Zhou,
  • Xin Cui,
  • Lijie Li and
  • Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

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  • for the design of sterilization and algae removal [72], wastewater treatment [73][74], and electrochemical corrosion protection of metal surfaces and battery cathodes [56][75][76]. TENG-based special flexible pressure sensors can be placed on the surface of human skin to monitor the physiological
  • recognition. The stretchable sensor is installed on a glove by using a flexible material. When the fingers move, each finger generates an electrical signal. These signals are classified by using ML algorithms to obtain the text, and finally the text is converted into speech output. The method of ML processing
  • throat. Voice print recognition and speech recognition can be realized by employing back-end data processing technology [88]. PENG/TENG-based self-powered sensors are flexible and highly sensitive, which can reduce inconveniences of a sensor system during physical training [41]. Back-end intelligent
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Published 08 Jul 2021

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

  • Gul Naz,
  • Hafsa Asghar,
  • Muhammad Ramzan,
  • Muhammad Arshad,
  • Rashid Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
  • Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
  • Nadeem Baig and
  • Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

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  • flexibility after the ink coating. The maximum transmittance value of as-prepared PET films in the visible region was estimated to be about 92.5% with a sheet resistance value of ca. 20 Ω/sq. This makes the films a potential substitute to commonly used expensive indium tin oxide (ITO) in the field of flexible
  • toxic composition. Moreover, the sputtering process is time-consuming and sputtering make the films brittle, which limits the application in flexible applications [5]. Numerous materials are under consideration to overcome these challenges. In the past few years, certain materials, such as graphene
  • , carbon nanotubes (CNT), conductive polymers, and metallic nanowires, have been tested commercially as alternative to ITO films for flexible optoelectronic devices [6][7][8][9]. Amongst them, graphene and carbon materials, particularly CNTs, display low optical transparency and high sheet resistance owing
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Published 01 Jul 2021

A stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator made of silver-coated glass microspheres for human motion energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications

  • Hui Li,
  • Yaju Zhang,
  • Yonghui Wu,
  • Hui Zhao,
  • Weichao Wang,
  • Xu He and
  • Haiwu Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 402–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.32

Graphical Abstract
  • -coated glass microspheres (S-TENG). The S-TENG exhibits a remarkable performance in harvesting human motion energy and as flexible tactile sensor. By optimizing the device parameters and operating conditions, the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the S-TENG can reach up to 370 V
  • satisfies the needs of reliability for flexible tactile sensors in realizing human–machine interfaces. This work expands the potential application of S-TENGs from wearable electronics and smart sensing systems to real-time robotics control and virtual reality/augmented reality interactions. Keywords: human
  • source for electronic devices. Another potential application for the S-TENG is as flexible tactile sensor that can serve as electronic skin for a more comfortable interactive experience between humans and external objects by sensing all kinds of information, such as size, shape, and texture [26][27]. The
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Published 03 May 2021

Intracranial recording in patients with aphasia using nanomaterial-based flexible electronics: promises and challenges

  • Qingchun Wang and
  • Wai Ting Siok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 330–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.27

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  • Qingchun Wang Wai Ting Siok Department of Linguistics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China 10.3762/bjnano.12.27 Abstract In recent years, researchers have studied how nanotechnology could enhance neuroimaging techniques. The application of nanomaterial-based flexible electronics has the
  • reading processing. We then outline the strengths and weaknesses of iEEG in studying human cognition and the development of intracranial recordings that use brain-compatible flexible electrodes. We close by discussing the potential advantages and challenges of future investigations adopting nanomaterial
  • -based flexible electronics for intracranial recording in patients with aphasia. Keywords: aphasia; flexible electronics; intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG); language processing; neuroimaging techniques; Introduction Aphasia is an impairment in language and communication, which results from
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Published 08 Apr 2021

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

  • Victor Deinhart,
  • Lisa-Marie Kern,
  • Jan N. Kirchhof,
  • Sabrina Juergensen,
  • Joris Sturm,
  • Enno Krauss,
  • Thorsten Feichtner,
  • Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
  • Michael Schneider,
  • Dieter Engel,
  • Bastian Pfau,
  • Bert Hecht,
  • Kirill I. Bolotin,
  • Stephanie Reich and
  • Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

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  • . This includes all raster styles that are available in the high-level approach but also user-defined styles, such as the back-stitching depicted in Figure 3b,c. The provided tools allow for flexible pattern generation and mitigate typical problems in ion beam-based machining. As the local material
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Published 06 Apr 2021

Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene precursors for focused electron beam-induced deposition

  • Cristiano Glessi,
  • Aya Mahgoub,
  • Cornelis W. Hagen and
  • Mats Tilset

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 257–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.21

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  • ][15] and biomedical applications [16]. FEBID provides a flexible direct-write technique to fabricate complex 3D structures, which are hard to realize using resist-based planar lithography processes. However, when using organometallic precursors, usually, undesired dissociation fragments also end up in
  • influence on the FEBID process. Testing apparatus A more flexible setup than a traditional GIS was required for the exploration and testing of a large series of precursors. Commercially available GIS have a limited temperature range. For example, the maximum allowable temperature of the Thermo Fisher
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Published 17 Mar 2021

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

  • Christian Voelkner,
  • Mirco Wendt,
  • Regina Lange,
  • Max Ulbrich,
  • Martina Gruening,
  • Susanne Staehlke,
  • Barbara Nebe,
  • Ingo Barke and
  • Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

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  • flexible. Figure 2a shows an example of a typical SICM topography of the border region in the live state (see Figure 2b for the corresponding bright-field microscopy image). Features with lateral dimensions of approximately 1 µm × 0.8 µm protruding 100–300 nm from the surrounding (Figure 2c), at a density
  • current error appears counterintuitive regarding the material properties. However, considering the fin or springboard morphology of ruffles, the elasticity may not result from changes of material properties only but also from the flexible shape. Thus, the extremely low error probably points towards lower
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Published 12 Mar 2021

Toward graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking systems for human–machine interaction

  • Ata Jedari Golparvar and
  • Murat Kaya Yapici

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.14

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  • with perfect pattern detection accuracies of 100% and 98%, respectively. Keywords: electrooculography (EOG); flexible electronics; graphene; human–computer interaction (HCI); human–machine interface (HMI); personal assistive device (PAD); wearable smart textile; Introduction Eye tracking technologies
  • stable graphene coating on the textiles. The prepared graphene textiles were then cut into pieces (ca. 3 × 3 cm) and mounted on flexible, polyethylene-based foam paddings, which were sandwiched between metallic snap fasteners in order to establish an electrical connection with the front-end circuitry. In
  • ” electrodes, the functionality of which degrades over time [23]. However, one common issue in dry electrodes is the relatively high skin-electrode contact impedance, which causes susceptibility to physical movements and power line interferences resulting in signal distortions. While the flexible, foldable
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Published 11 Feb 2021

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

  • Jing Han,
  • Nuo Xu,
  • Yuchen Liang,
  • Mei Ding,
  • Junyi Zhai,
  • Qijun Sun and
  • Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

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  • [39][40][41][42][43][44], high-voltage sources [45], self-powered systems [46][47][48][49][50], and blue energy harvesting devices [51][52][53][54][55][56]. Paper, by far one of the most inexpensive and flexible materials widely used in daily life, was developed more than 2000 years ago in China
  • , and has tremendous advantages over the majority of other materials (e.g., it is lightweight, renewable, and air-permeable). Besides, paper is flexible and can be easily folded or bent into 3D structures without causing structural damage. In the last decades, paper-based electronic devices, such as
  • process or to rotary screen printing, which enables a facile and high-throughput printing on curved surfaces. The deposition process assisted with soft stencils is another “bottom-up” method for the preparation of functional materials on flexible and irregular surfaces. Even though P-TENGs require
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Published 01 Feb 2021

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

  • Sina Kaabipour and
  • Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

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  • devices [94], organic light emitting diodes (OLED) [95], transparent conductive electrodes [96][97], artificial skin [98], liquid crystal display (LCD) [99][100], and smart windows [101][102]. AgNWs can be embedded in flexible touch-screen substrates and electronic displays to provide an enhanced decrease
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Published 25 Jan 2021

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

  • Ameen Uddin Ammar,
  • Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
  • Feray Bakan and
  • Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

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  • maximum specific capacitance of 481 F·g−1 was achieved at 5 mV·s−1. The results indicate that tantalum carbide MXenes are appropriate for the use in supercapacitor applications [15]. Zhao et al. used an alternative fabrication technique and developed highly flexible sandwich-like MXene/CNT papers. The
  • 1445 F·cm−3 with enhanced rate capability and high mass loading [34]. Huang et al. reported a comparatively simple spray coating approach to manufacture paper-based solid-state flexible micro-supercapacitors (FMSCs) with a sprayable MXenes as conductive ink. FMSCs are innovative candidates for portable
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Published 13 Jan 2021

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

  • Matthias Schmidt,
  • James M. Byrne and
  • Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

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  • opportunity for further developments. On the one hand, it is as flexible and straightforward to use as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) but with a five times larger depth of field [1] and a lateral resolution of about 0.5 nm [4] (demonstrated record: 0.24 nm [5]), which is between high-end field-emission
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Published 04 Jan 2021

Piezotronic effect in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction nanowires used as a flexible strain sensor

  • Jianqi Dong,
  • Liang Chen,
  • Yuqing Yang and
  • Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1847–1853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.166

Graphical Abstract
  • synthesize AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction NWs with controllable size. A single NW is transferred to a flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate and fixed by indium tin oxide electrodes to form an ohmic contact for the strain sensor. An external mechanical stress is introduced to study the performance of
  • investigated and systematically analyzed under compressive and tensile strain. Here, we describe a strain sensor that shows a great application potential in wearable integrated circuits, in health-monitoring devices, and in artificial intelligence. Keywords: AlGaN/AlN/GaN nanowires; flexible; piezotronic
  • , AlGaN/AlN/GaN NWs with high electron mobility, carrier density, and mechanical flexibility have become good candidates for highly sensitive and flexible strain sensors. In this work, we use a top-down two-step process, including inductively coupled plasma (ICP) dry etching and selective electrochemical
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Published 10 Dec 2020

Nanomechanics of few-layer materials: do individual layers slide upon folding?

  • Ronaldo J. C. Batista,
  • Rafael F. Dias,
  • Ana P. M. Barboza,
  • Alan B. de Oliveira,
  • Taise M. Manhabosco,
  • Thiago R. Gomes-Silva,
  • Matheus J. S. Matos,
  • Andreij C. Gadelha,
  • Cassiano Rabelo,
  • Luiz G. L. Cançado,
  • Ado Jorio,
  • Hélio Chacham and
  • Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1801–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.162

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  • understanding of the structural/dynamic response of multilayered 2D materials upon bending is also an essential issue regarding technological applications, such as deformable electronics, flexible reinforcements for brittle biomedical implants [15], and ultralight resonators suited as transducers of extremely
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Published 30 Nov 2020

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

  • Shuoye Yang,
  • Zhenwei Wang,
  • Yahong Ping,
  • Yuying Miao,
  • Yongmei Xiao,
  • Lingbo Qu,
  • Lu Zhang,
  • Yuansen Hu and
  • Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

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  • limitation. Among them, conjugation with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is one of the most effective methods because PEG is highly hydrophilic and flexible [28][29]. Functionalization using a hydrophilic polymer with positively charged groups is another effective way to reduce opsonization by the RES and
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Published 13 Nov 2020

Piezoelectric sensor based on graphene-doped PVDF nanofibers for sign language translation

  • Shuai Yang,
  • Xiaojing Cui,
  • Rui Guo,
  • Zhiyi Zhang,
  • Shengbo Sang and
  • Hulin Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1655–1662, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.148

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  • /bjnano.11.148 Abstract The tracking of body motion, such as bending or twisting, plays an important role in modern sign language translation. Here, a subtle flexible self-powered piezoelectric sensor (PES) made of graphene (GR)-doped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers is reported. The PES exhibits
  • ][45][46][47][48]. In the era of smart sensing, there is an increasing need for self-powered pressure and bending sensing systems [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. In this study, we propose a flexible self-powered piezoelectric sensor (PES) based on graphene (GR)-doped
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Published 02 Nov 2020

A self-powered, flexible ultra-thin Si/ZnO nanowire photodetector as full-spectrum optical sensor and pyroelectric nanogenerator

  • Liang Chen,
  • Jianqi Dong,
  • Miao He and
  • Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1623–1630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.145

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  • work, a new type of self-powered, high-performance ultra-thin p-Si/n-ZnO nanowire (NW) flexible photodetector (PD) and its application as full-spectrum optical sensor and pyroelectric nanogenerator (PENG) are demonstrated. The working mechanism of PDs for PENGs is carefully investigated and
  • fabrication of the PENG utilizing a simple and low-cost method shows its potential applications in self-powered flexible electronic devices. Keywords: flexible; full-spectrum; photodetector; pyroelectric nanogenerator (PENG); self-powered; Introduction Full-spectrum photodetectors (PDs) that can detect
  • applied in flexible wearable electronic devices have been extensively researched [5]. The majority of the reported full-spectrum PDs, which are based on perovskites, quantum dots, or organic materials are costly, complicated to prepare, and difficult to integrate into flexible electronic devices. This
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Published 27 Oct 2020

Walking energy harvesting and self-powered tracking system based on triboelectric nanogenerators

  • Mingliang Yao,
  • Guangzhong Xie,
  • Qichen Gong and
  • Yuanjie Su

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1590–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.141

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  • to the extensive energy consumption and high population density in modern cities, the collection and use of scattered walking energy from the stream of people is crucial for the development of a green ecological city. Herein, a flexible undulated electrode-based triboelectric nanogenerator (u-TENG
  • flexible, feasible, and unaffected by season, climate, or location. This work not only proposes a strategy for mechanical energy harvesting in public areas, including subway stations, hospitals, shopping malls, and business streets, but also offers a novel solution for smart cities and low-carbon
  • excellent performance, which can be used as motion [35][36][37] and temperature sensors [38][39], UV detectors [40], tactile sensors [41][42][43], sensors for healthcare [44][45][46][47], humidity sensors, and gas sensors [48][49][50][51], for example. In this work, a flexible undulated electrode-based
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Published 20 Oct 2020

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

  • Jingran Zhang,
  • Tianqi Jia,
  • Xiaoping Li,
  • Junjie Yang,
  • Zhengkai Li,
  • Guangfeng Shi,
  • Xinming Zhang and
  • Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

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  • could be detected. Thus, the electrochemical method can be used to create flexible Au-coated substrates of highly reproducible structure with long-term stability. SERS measurement of lysozyme on the nanopore substrates The enzyme lysozyme can rupture the cell walls of certain pathogens following
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Published 16 Oct 2020

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

  • Philipp Hurdax,
  • Michael Hollerer,
  • Larissa Egger,
  • Georg Koller,
  • Xiaosheng Yang,
  • Anja Haags,
  • Serguei Soubatch,
  • Frank Stefan Tautz,
  • Mathias Richter,
  • Alexander Gottwald,
  • Peter Puschnig,
  • Martin Sterrer and
  • Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

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  • to 5A, 6P is geometrically more flexible, more specifically, it is nonplanar in the gas phase and has a relatively low electron affinity. On the pristine Ag(100) substrate, 6P simply physisorbs with no evidence of LUMO hybridization, which remains unoccupied [21]. It will be shown that the
  • suggests that the εr of thin dielectrics may be significantly different from the values of their bulk counterparts (e.g., the εr of the MgO film presented here is approximately half the value of bulk MgO). In contrast to pentacene, 6P is a geometrically flexible molecule. The charge transfer to 6P leads to
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Published 01 Oct 2020

A wideband cryogenic microwave low-noise amplifier

  • Boris I. Ivanov,
  • Dmitri I. Volkhin,
  • Ilya L. Novikov,
  • Dmitri K. Pitsun,
  • Dmitri O. Moskalev,
  • Ilya A. Rodionov,
  • Evgeni Il’ichev and
  • Aleksey G. Vostretsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1484–1491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.131

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  • bands. However, for some applications a flexible amplifier design is needed. Indeed, there are known schematic realizations of cLNAs based on discrete components [11][17][20][21][22][23][24]. The experimental characteristics of the presented amplifiers show that they do not provide gain values of more
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Published 30 Sep 2020

Triboelectric nanogenerator based on Teflon/vitamin B1 powder for self-powered humidity sensing

  • Liangyi Zhang,
  • Huan Li,
  • Yiyuan Xie,
  • Jing Guo and
  • Zhiyuan Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1394–1401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.123

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  • -free humidity sensors by using biocompatible collagen nanofibrils [43]. More recently, Zhang et al. developed a TENG-driven self-powered flexible humidity sensor based on a tin disulfide nanoflower/reduced graphene oxide (SnS2/rGO) hybrid nanomaterial [44]. However, the large-scale application of TENGs
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Published 11 Sep 2020

Atomic defect classification of the H–Si(100) surface through multi-mode scanning probe microscopy

  • Jeremiah Croshaw,
  • Thomas Dienel,
  • Taleana Huff and
  • Robert Wolkow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1346–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.119

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  • File 1, Figure S2) while avoiding unwanted tip–sample contact. Figure 1f shows a variation of constant height STM where the tip apex is functionalized with a flexible hydrogen atom. The use of a flexible species at the apex of a metallic tip to provide enhanced contrast was first reported using CO
  • separation they should mutually repel each other resulting in a less negative frequency shift over the group location, as shown. Again, AFM does not allow one to discern among individual hydrogen atoms due to the assumed flexible nature of the raised groups, creating a blurred appearance in AFM imaging as
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Published 07 Sep 2020

Effect of localized helium ion irradiation on the performance of synthetic monolayer MoS2 field-effect transistors

  • Jakub Jadwiszczak,
  • Pierce Maguire,
  • Conor P. Cullen,
  • Georg S. Duesberg and
  • Hongzhou Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1329–1335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.117

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  • materials; Introduction Layered two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have come to the fore in recent years as promising candidates for the implementation of flexible, transparent, and low-power electronics. In particular, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), have
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Published 04 Sep 2020
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