Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• ) surface, and surface cleaning was carried out further using deionized water to remove any residual AgNO3 reagent and copper nitrate production. A stream of nitrogen was then used to dry the hierarchical substrate as shown in Figure 13. Hydrogen ions play an important role in the surface modification

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• lead nitrate, to which polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added in order to enhance the photoelectric performance of the PSCs. By a combination of SEM, EIS, PL and UV spectroscopy and other characterization approaches, we show that the PVP additive is effective in inhibiting carrier recombination

• 0.1 cm2. The PCE continued to be over 80% of the initial PCE after 60 days of storage. FInally, the introduced PVP-doped PSCs present a low-cost and low-toxicity way to commercialize perovskite solar cells. Keywords: additive; lead nitrate aqueous solution; low-toxicity process; perovskite solar

• (DMF). DMF is a toxic solvent with a clinical link to liver disease, although the pathology remains unknown [21][22]. Therefore, to prepare high-efficiency PSCs by sequential deposition, water-based lead precursors and lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) were used as raw materials by Tsung-Yu Hsieh et al., with

The role of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Al³⁺ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu,
• Loredana F. Leopold and
• Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

• boil for another 30 min. A pH 6 was measured after the colloid synthesis. SERS measurements. For the SERS measurements, the cit-AgNPs were activated with Ca2+, Pb2+ or Al3+ cations at a final concentration of 50 µM, which were added to the colloidal solution in the form of nitrate or sulfate salts: Ca

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• corresponding nickel–cobalt oxides with the same material morphology. The assembled ASC also exhibits a superior energy density and high rate capability in a 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte, making it a promising electrode for SCs. Experimental Materials Nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O), cobalt nitrate

• without any purification. All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Synthesis of Ni1.7Co1.3O4 powder precursor The Ni1.7Co1.3O4 precursor was prepared by a facile two-step method. In a solvothermal procedure, similarly to [19], 10 mmol·L−1 nickel nitrate hexahydrate, 10 mmol·L−1 cobalt

• nitrate hexahydrate and 40 mmol·L−1 2MI were first dissolved in absolute methanol, and then mixed to make a total volume of 60 mL solution. After stirring at 400 rpm for 10 to 15 min, the well-mixed solution was transferred into a 120 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave reactor. The reaction was

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• (iii) growth of the silver nanocapsule around the hydrogel core by the reduction of silver nitrate onto the gold seeds, which act as templates. Note that the concentration of the sodium citrate during the galvanic replacement step determines whether the synthesized silver nanocapsule is porous or

• circumvent these issues and accomplish smooth, continuous nanocapsule growth, we utilized sodium citrate to assist in the stabilization of the core template along with silver nitrate to increase the rate of nanocapsule growth. This approach proved to be successful in growing complete silver nanocapsules, as

• nitrate (AgNO3, Strem), and ethanol (Aaper). N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM, 99%) and acrylic acid (AAc, 99.5%) were obtained from Acros. Water was purified to a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm (Academic Milli-Q Water System; Millipore Corporation) and filtered using a 0.22 μm filter to remove any impurities. All

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• more toxic-transformed nanospecies. Materials and Methods Chemicals and reagents All chemicals and materials were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) unless stated otherwise. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). All compounds were reagent-grade or

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• -dimensional iron–nickel cyanide-bridged network at the air–water interface. A small amount of the amphiphilic pentacyanoferrate complex monomer was spread from a chloroform solution to form a monolayer in a LB trough, and was subsequently connected by introducing an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate into the

• ) [252]. Three-dimensional cubic structures were precipitated as Olmstead’s crystalline C60–Ag(I) organometallic hetero-nanostructures [C60{AgNO3}5] at the interface between a saturated benzene solution of C60 and an ethanol solution of silver(I) nitrate. The formed cubic structures underwent structural

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• the target degradation product. In addition, the photocatalytic mechanism was further analyzed by investigating the structure and photochemical properties of the catalyst. Experimental Materials Tetrabutyl titanate, ethanol, acetic acid, nitric acid, bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• Silver nitrate (AgNO3), β-ᴅ-glucose and concentrated ammonia were bought from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); sodium hydrate (NaOH) was purchased from Shanghai Titanchem Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); Rhodamine 6G (R6G, 98.5%) was obtained from J&K Chemical Ltd. (Shanghai, China

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• synthesis of CZO, cerium nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O) was selected as the doping material during the stirring process. The operational steps were the same as the synthesis of ZnO. Eventually, we obtained five groups of CZO samples with different concentrations. For simplicity, samples with molar

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• cathode while minimizing the chance of exposure to external sources of contaminants. The electrolyte consisted of lithium nitrate (LiNO3) as a salt in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) solvent containing three concentrations of water: <20 ppm, ≈2500 ppm and ≈4600 ppm. Water has been added in

Co-doped MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: magnetic anisotropy and interparticle interactions

• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Parviz Kameli,
• Hadi Salamati,
• Giorgio Concas,
• Maria Salvador Fernandez,
• Alessandro Talone,
• Giuseppe Muscas and
• Davide Peddis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 856–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.86

• (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) were synthesized following a simple method based on solid-state ball milling and calcination of nitrate precursors and citric acid, discussed previously to prepare pure MnFe2O4 [22]. Manganese nitrate (Mn(NO3)2·4H2O, Merck, 99%), iron nitrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, Merck, 99

• %), cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O, Merck, 98.5%) and citric acid (C6H6O7, Merck, 99.5%) powders were mixed in a 1:1 molar ratio of total metal nitrates to citric acid. The powders were milled for 1 h in a planetary ball mill using agate balls, producing an amorphous precursor (Supporting Information File 1

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• for the targeted treatment of cancer, in which a light-responsive material is irradiated with a laser in the near-infrared range. In the current article we present WS2 nanotubes functionalized with previously reported ceric ammonium nitrate–maghemite (CAN-mag) nanoparticles, used for PTT

• chemistry, thanks to an available valence electron in its 4f orbital. In our group, cerium was utilized in the complex form of ceric ammonium nitrate [(NH4)2Ce(IV)(NO3)6, or CAN]. In CAN the cerium ion is coordinated with six nitrate ligands through their oxygen atoms. CAN is a strong oxidizer, turning

• these conditions. The nanotubes with CAN-mag functionalization (red line) show a small and gradual weight loss, at a relatively low temperature range, assigned to the organic ammonium and nitrate components of CAN (cerium and iron oxide are not expected to be affected under nitrogen). WS2-NT-CM-PAA

Polydopamine-coated Au nanorods for targeted fluorescent cell imaging and photothermal therapy

• Boris N. Khlebtsov,
• Andrey M. Burov,
• Timofey E. Pylaev and
• Nikolai G. Khlebtsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 794–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.79

• tetrachloroaurate trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O) and silver nitrate (AgNO3, >99%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Ultrapure water obtained from a Milli-Q Integral 5 system was used in all experiments. Synthesis of AuNRs AuNRs with a plasmon peak at around 800 nm were obtained by the seed-mediated growth method [41

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• ), titanium tetraisopropoxide (Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4, 97%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%), copper(II) nitrate trihydrate ((CuNO3)2·3H2O, 98%), 2-propanol (IPA, 99.5%) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, 99.5%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received without any further purification. Synthesis of

• copper(II) nitrate trihydrate [(CuNO3)2·3H2O] was added to this solution and stirred for further 30 min. The blended solution was loaded into a 10 mL disposable syringe with a needle diameter of 0.5 mm, pumped at a speed of 0.3 mL h−1 using a syringe pump. Aluminium foil was used as a collector, and the

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• +, Ni2+, Co2+ and Cu2+ and X represents an interfoliary anion such as acetate or nitrate. Similar to zinc basic salts, zinc hydroxyacetate Zn5(OH)8(CH3COO)2·2H2O (Zn-SLH) is a white solid that is suitable for our study. Thanks to its positive lamellar charge, Zn-SLH can serve as a diluting solid allowing

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• surfactant) were of analytical reagent (AR) grade and obtained from Fuchen Chemical Reagent Factory. Potassium nitrate (AR) was supplied by Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory, and all the other reagents were AR grade and purchased from Guangdong Guanghua Sci-Tech Co., Ltd. Anodization and electrodeposition

• finally put into a sealed pocket for later use. The SiO2 deposition liquid was prepared by mechanically mixing potassium nitrate (10.11 g), DI water (500 mL), absolute ethyl alcohol (500 mL), adding tetraethoxysilane (50 mL) after the pH value was adjusted to 3. The flow chart for the stepwise galvanic

Self-assembly and wetting properties of gold nanorod–CTAB molecules on HOPG

• Imtiaz Ahmad,
• Floor Derkink,
• Tim Boulogne,
• Pantelis Bampoulis,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet,
• Hidayat Ullah Khan,
• Rahim Jan and
• E. Stefan Kooij

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 696–705, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.69

• conceptual framework used in this work are similar to our work presented elsewhere [9][51]. Materials Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4·3H2O, 99.999%, Aldrich), silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99%, Acros), ascorbic acid (AA, 99%, Merck), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, Aldrich, 98%), sodium borohydrate (NaBH4

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• investigated and compared to filler-free PBS as well as LDH Mg2Al/nitrate as references. Both organo-modified LDHs exhibited a remarkable chain-extension effect for PBS with an outstanding increase in the zero-shear viscosity η0 for PBS–Mg2Al/PHE (two order of magnitude increase as compared to filler-free PBS

• to a photodegradation process, showing their resistance to UV irradiation. Experimental Materials and reagents Aluminium nitrate Al(NO3)3·9H2O, magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, sodium nitrate NaNO3, sodium hydroxide, the amino acids L-histidine (HIS) and L-phenylalanine (PHE) were purchased from

• interpretation of the XRD patterns based on a more detailed analysis of the position of the X-ray diffraction peaks and the matching between the surface area per unit charge of LDH host and the organic guest. Mg2Al/nitrate, as a reference sample, displays an X-ray diffraction pattern typical of lamellar

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• spruce, respectively, were used as the platform materials for inducing hydrophobic behavior and high tensile strength. Both unrefined and refined pulps were investigated in the study. Abietic acid (C19H29COOH, Fluka) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 97%, VWR) were purchased. Metal nitrate salts (magnesium

• nitrate hexahydrate Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, aluminium nitrate nonahydrate Al(NO3)3·9H2O, ethanol C2H5OH) and sodium carbonate were procured from Sigma-Aldrich. All these chemicals were used as received without any further purification. Methods The present work employed some protocols that were already tried out in

• unbound cellulose fibers as prepared above were hybridized with Mg–Al LDH through in situ co-precipitation. Typically, 3.0 g of disintegrated fibers (oven dry mass) was dispersed in a flask containing mixed metal-salt solutions (Mg and Al nitrate, molar ratio 3:1) under gentle stirring until a homogenous

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• , ≥99.0%) acrylic acid (AA, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), hexadecane (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.0%), tetrahydrofuran (THF, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.9%), cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.99%), sodium hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥97.0%), ammonia solution (28% aqueous solution, VWR), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS

• , the pH value of the dispersion was adjusted to pH 10 with a 28% ammonia solution. Then 5 mmol of metal salt per gram of dispersion nanocapsules was added and the dispersion was stirred for 2 h to allow for the binding of cerium ions to the surface of the capsules. Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate was

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• Materials Urea (Duksan Pure Chemicals, South Korea), ammonium acetate (Duksan Pure Chemicals, South Korea), acetylacetone (Sigma-Aldrich), sodium carbonate, (Sigma-Aldrich), sodium nitrate (Sigma-Aldrich), and potassium permanganate (Tokyo Chemical Industry-TCI, Mark) were used as received. All other

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• referenced to a 0.5 M aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate. 13C and 29Si signals were referenced to tetramethylsilane (TMS). Other analysis Thermogravimetric /differential thermal analysis was performed on a Netzsch STA 449F3 from 25 to 1000 °C at 5 °C/min under N2. The point of zero charge (pHpzc) analysis

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• %) Sulfuric acid, J. T. Baker (H2SO4 95–97%) Conductive silver paste, Sigma-Aldrich Methanol, Scharlau (CH3OH 99.9%) Ethanol, Scharlau (C2H5OH 96% extra pure and 99.5% absolute) Acetone, Scharlau (C3H6O 99.5%) Dimethylformamide (DMF), Alfa Aesar (C3H7NO 99.8%) Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate, Sigma-Aldrich (Fe

• drying oven at 80 °C for 4 hours. For the decoration of carbon nanotubes, iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate was used as the iron precursor. 50 mg of the acidic-activated carbon nanotubes were added to 50 mL of solvent together with a corresponding amount of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O salt. Different solvents, methanol

• solvent on the nanoparticle distribution, solutions with the four solvents considered (ethanol, methanol, acetone and DMF) were prepared using a 1:1.5 proportion in weight between carbon nanotubes and iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate and calcined for 30 minutes. TEM images of the results are summarized in

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• and biophotonics applications. Experimental Materials and instrumentation Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, >98.0%), L-ascorbic acid (BioUltra, ≥99.5%), silver nitrate (AgNO3, >99%), gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O, 99%), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA, ≥99%), N-ethyl-N'-(3