Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• to improve the insecticidal efficacy because the higher surface area and specificity provide stronger contact of the active substance with the insects [45]. The working mechanism of the nanocomposites may be the effective penetration through pores and microfibrils of the insects’ cuticle [45] and the

• larvae, pupae, and adults of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster [48]. In addition, nanoencapsulated essential oils have chemical activity and increased mobility, allowing for the penetration into insect tissues through the cuticle or by ingestion through the digestive tract [49]. Essential oils are

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• the photothermal material; the material should exhibit strong light-to-heat conversion and good photostability. The structural and morphological properties of the selected material should ensure strong absorption in the NIR region to attain better penetration depth in the LFA nitrocellulose membrane

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• penetration into Si NPs, in which the process was modeled as diffusion doping, samples consisted primarily of the new compound of cubic Si3P4. This fact revealed that the mechanism of Si3P4 formation may differ. For example, one might suppose that the amorphous Si layer, present in the nanocrystalline

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• the occurrence of systemic inflammatory reactions [92][93]. Multifunctionalization facilitates the specific and selective immunogenic cell death of the cancer cells and also reverses immune suppression [93]. ACNPs combine the advantages of the NPs with high affinity and improve cell penetration

• by FDA, and there are only very few clinical trials in progress [10][124]. The failure of clinical trials can be attributed to the fact that upon penetration into the tumor vasculature, there are different barriers that have to be crossed to reach and enter into tumor cells [124]. In order to achieve

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• demographic groups (e.g., ethnicity and age) heal at different rates [16][19]. Therefore, it is also critical to consider differences in skin penetration, drug absorption, and healing processes among different populations when assessing the effectiveness of drug-delivering microneedles. In today's age of

• ultimately impede quality control [49]. Finally, DLP- and SLA-fabricated microneedles are often dull with a low aspect ratio [50], and this again affects their performance (e.g., penetration). Hence, 3D printing via 2PP is currently the best commercially available microfabrication method to enable

Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• deeper penetration in the sample. For some conditions, the number of implanted species is small, which explains some fluctuations in the data. Overall, more argon particles are implanted and their implantation is deeper. This trend is minimized at 83°, while the removal of contaminant is not minimized at

• molecules are deposited at the surface, even higher energy collisions will only transmit a fraction of the energy to the water molecules, which will be either sputtered or fragmented and implanted. Hence, the resulting penetration depth of hydrogen and oxygen should be shallower than for argon. It is

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• NPs are necessary for Ag-based SERS substrates to function well. The microfluidic approach is a technique for the fine control and manipulation of fluids, in which capillary penetration is limited to the micrometer scale and mass transport dominates [9][10]. Microfluidic devices are used in various

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• connected to the microscope was used. The white-light wavelength range is 400 to 700 nm, and for these wavelengths the penetration depth in GaInAs ranges between 10 and 100 nm. This makes our measurements mainly sensitive to the surface states and surface band bending. Additionally, a uniform illumination

Microneedle patches – the future of drug delivery and vaccination?

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 494–495, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.40

• ][9]. Recent progress may be broadly categorised as MN design, fabrication, skin penetration studies, and applications, ranging from drug delivery and vaccination to diagnostics. The first two of these have received most attention, but considerable work is still to be done in all categories – more in

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• , nanocarriers need to be engineered to add functionalities, both in their cores and at their surfaces. This includes therapeutic drugs and genes, targeting moieties, performance enhancers (e.g., for barrier penetration and to avoid opsonization), and imaging agents [2][3]. Core and matrix of the nanoparticles

• SH-SY5Y cells, and no hemolysis was observed. The presence of Tat on the surface of the nanoparticles enabled cell membrane penetration and uptake in HeLa Cells. The effect of electrolytes in the aqueous phase on Polysorbate 80-based PIC nanoemulsions and derived PLGA nanoparticles has been explored

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• (CNS), where endothelial cells form the tightest and the most selective blood–brain barrier (BBB) that provides protection against the penetration of harmful substances and pathogens. Other types of connections include adherens junctions, maintained primarily by transmembrane VE-cadherin, and gap

• considered, because it is an energetically costly, slow, and receptor-dependent mechanism. Moreover, NPs can be retained in the cell and pose cytotoxicity concerns and vulnerability to lysosomal digestion [5][28][29]. The second mechanism, paracellular transport, is based on the penetration of NPs through

• few nanotherapeutic agents approved for clinical use. Nanomaterial-induced leakiness of blood vessels within the tumor may facilitate the penetration of living cancer cells into the bloodstream and to other organs, where they form metastases. Metastases arising from the spread of cancer cells are the

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• of safety and efficiency. However, there are still many inadequacies that limit the application of nanoformulations in biomedicine, including limited tumor penetration and insufficient specificity. Furthermore, nanoformulations are often recognized as foreign materials by the reticuloendothelial

• , cancer cell membranes also show excellent performance in nontumor diseases such as immune system diseases [25] and cardiovascular diseases [26] because of their rich surface functions that yield immunomodulation [22] and biological barrier penetration [27]. Here, we review recent advances and original

• exhibit unique homotypic targeting to tumor tissues, as well as excellent antiphagocytosis, immunomodulation, and biological barrier penetration abilities. Second, the application of cancer cell-based NPs in different types of diseases are discussed (i.e., malignant neoplasms, hematological malignancies

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• receptors. After binding to αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin receptors in the tumor vasculature, iRDG is subsequently cleaved by cellular proteases to a fragment with a stronger affinity for the neuropilin-1 receptor. Neuropilin-1 receptor binding triggers extravasation and initiates deep tissue penetration

• , intratumoral dissemination, and infiltration into the tumor parenchyma [123][124][125]. RVPNs decorated with a composite of an anti-EGFR single-domain antibody and iRGD provided long circulation time, improved extravasation and tumor localization, enhanced parenchymal penetration, as well as increased

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• proximity effect”. Distributions of spin current and induced magnetization were calculated in recent works [20][21], where the authors investigate spin current flow through Josephson-like trilayer structures. The proximity effect is the penetration of superconducting correlations in an adjacent

• spin relaxation processes, but we do not take into account any spin relaxation mechanisms within our model for a superconductor. We should mention that both spin pumping mechanisms in superconductors and normal metals are determined by the penetration of nonequillibrium spin density from the interface

• . In metals, such a penetration is limited by the spin flip scattering, while inside the superconductor, the spin relaxation time is usually much longer. Thus, induced magnetization and spin current in our problem are determined mainly by the competition between spin singlet and spin triplet orders [34

Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation

• Vikas,
• Raj Kumar and
• Sanjeev Soni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 205–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.20

• , and the characteristics of irradiation source [12][13][14][15][16][17]. For biomedical applications, to achieve maximum light penetration, a light source of spectral output within 700–900 nm (NIR-I range, termed therapeutic window) is required [18][19][20]. Here, the photothermal conversion efficiency

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• from Josephson oscillators. Figure 1a shows a sketch of a typical FFO. It is based on a sandwich-type (overlap) JJ with the length, a ≫ λJ, much larger than the Josephson penetration depth, and both in-plane sizes much larger than the thickness of the junction interface, d ≪ b ≪ a. The in-plane

• the case of Nb/AlOx/Nb tunnel JJs, which are used in state-of-the-art FFOs [9][11]. I assume that a = 100 μm, b = 10 μm, d = 2 nm, εr = 10, d1 = d2 = 100 nm, the zero-temperature London penetration depth λL0 = 100 nm, Jc0 = 5 × 103 (A/cm2), Ic0 = Jc0ab = 50 mA, and the characteristic voltage Ic0Rn = 1

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• the bacterial cell membrane [19][20], allowing its penetration inside the cytoplasm. This leads to the leakage of cellular components through the pores of the perforated cellular membrane. Once inside, the ions promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, deactivate proteins, and block DNA

• with compounds generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) or blocks DNA replication and protein action (enzymes), thereby leading to cell death. The increased growth inhibition observed for C. albicans compared to E. coli could be explained in part by the difference in kinetics of silver penetration into

Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays

• Roger Cattaneo,
• Mikhail A. Galin and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132

• penetration depth. This precludes direct interaction between the JJs [28]. Therefore, JJs are coupled only indirectly via common cavity modes, corresponding to the formation of standing surface plasmon waves along the electrode [34]. The standing wave imprints its order on Josephson junctions in the array

• junctions are of the overlap type and are separated by a distance of 12 μm, that is, one hundred times larger than the London penetration depth in Nb. This precludes direct interactions between them. Nevertheless, they can be effectively synchronized via the indirect coupling mechanism mediated by the

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• -PLGA NPs had positive surface charge with CS coating. The formulations have the potential to deliver the encapsulated drug to the bowel according to the in vitro release studies in three different simulated GIT fluids for approximately 72 h. Mucin interaction and penetration into the artificial mucus

• layer were also investigated in detail, and the mucoadhesive and mucus-penetration characteristics of the formulations were examined. Furthermore, in vitro release kinetic studies of the NPs were elucidated. DCX-PLGA NPs were found to be compatible with the Weibull model, and CS/DCX-PLGA NPs were found

• carboxyl groups of PLGA at the NP surface [43]. CS is a cationic heteropolysaccharide, which promotes cellular uptake, mucoadhesiveness, and tissue penetration [42]. Therefore, CS interacts easily with negatively charged groups at the surface of the NPs and increases the tissue penetration. Morphology of

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• , the obtained material revealed an appropriate mechanical strength to reach penetration depth up to 200 µm. The degree of drug penetration across human excised cornea after 24 h was assessed for the traditional suspension used for 5 min or 24 h and after 5 min of contact with the microneedles. The

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• Fe3+/Fe2+ in water, H2O2 can be split into hydroxyl radicals, and the ensuing radical is an incredibly potent oxidizing species. The treatment time lasted from 10 to 60 min, with 40 min yielding the highest CD luminescence. The resulting CDs (2–10 nm) have excellent penetration into HeLa cells

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• milling is essential because most samples analysed in high-precision instruments are prepared using this method. This can be best achieved using low-beam energies, ideally in the sub-keV range [18], since low-energy ion beams (under 500 eV) produce a thinner amorphous layer due to their lower penetration

• . Description of the amorphization The two samples at several stages of the sputtering process are shown in Figure 6 to illustrate the evolution of the amorphization process. The penetration depth of argon atoms is limited to the first few lattices inside the silicon, for both the contaminated and clean samples

• Supporting Information File 1, where each slab is detailed and compared with the associated RDFs. As per design, the “semi-amorphous” layer is supposed to be one-slab thick, as it is the transition between the amorphized region and the crystalline/intact part of the sample. In some cases, deeper penetration

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• be found that if more LaFe0.7Ni0.3O3 perovskite oxides were added to the solution, a better photocatalytic degradation performance would be obtained. However, while too many LaFe0.7Ni0.3O3 perovskite oxides were added, the excess catalyst would inhibit light penetration into the suspension. Thus, the

• catalysts would inhibit light penetration and decrease light availability. Accordingly, the catalyst dosage was set at 50 mg. On the other hand, H2O2 could enhance the generation of the hydroxyl radicals in the aqueous solution. Unfortunately, when excess H2O2 produced too many hydroxyl radicals, the

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• for an elastic contact, owing to the formation and rupture of chemical bonds between tip and sample in the former case. Furthermore, we used the approach part of the curves to calculate the force–penetration curves according to δ = Z − Fn/Cn. The determination of the interfacial energy γ between an

• interface and may involve a flow of the liquid sample, the tip–liquid interface geometry is better defined upon penetration of the tip in the liquid. Figure 5 shows the temperature and velocity dependences of the interfacial energy between eutectic Ga–In–Sn melt and three AFM tips of SiOx, PtSi, and Au. For

• crystallization of the oxide layer during electron beam exposition. We measured the temperature dependence of the interfacial energy between Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid and AFM tips by dipping the AFM tips inside a Ga–In–Sn liquid drop. The penetration depth of the tips was in the order of several hundreds of

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• fate of particles after application, harder particles have a shorter blood circulation time as they are cleared faster from the bloodstream and the distribution into different tissues [3][9]. Furthermore, the particle penetration into tumor tissues could be demonstrated to be enhanced for softer