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Search for "radicals" in Full Text gives 210 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes

  • Kai Xiao,
  • Baris Kumru,
  • Lu Chen,
  • Lei Jiang,
  • Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt and
  • Markus Antonietti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1316–1323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.130

Graphical Abstract
  • S5, Supporting Information File 1). In order to obtain rectified ion transport, we modified the carbon nitride nanotubes unilaterally with a solution of 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (AHPA) and with allylamine (AA) (Figure 4a). As reported before [39][40], radicals can be
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Published 27 Jun 2019

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

  • Binjing Hu,
  • Qiang Sun,
  • Chengyi Zuo,
  • Yunxin Pei,
  • Siwei Yang,
  • Hui Zheng and
  • Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

Graphical Abstract
  • levels serve as electron traps for photogenerated electrons. In this way, the recombination of photoinduced holes and electrons is suppressed, which accelerates the transfer of electrons to dissolve oxygen molecules and to produce more superoxide radicals to degrade probe dyes [9][22]. As a result, CZO-4
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Published 03 Jun 2019

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles

  • Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
  • Pilar Aranda,
  • Marwa Akkari,
  • Nithima Khaorapapong and
  • Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

Graphical Abstract
  • , industrial and agricultural wastewater. They are based on the in situ generation of reactive species as hydroxyl radicals (OH•) with high oxidizing capability [24]. AOP include Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions based on the combination of chemical oxidants, e.g., hydrogen peroxide, and UV irradiation, and
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Published 31 May 2019

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

  • Małgorzata Świętek,
  • Yi-Chin Lu,
  • Rafał Konefał,
  • Liliana P. Ferreira,
  • M. Margarida Cruz,
  • Yunn-Hwa Ma and
  • Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

Graphical Abstract
  • action of radicals. In addition to the appearance of new bands, several peaks were shifted or changed in shape. The peaks at 1644 and 1426 cm−1 in the spectrum of the precursor chitosan were shifted to 1633 and 1404 cm−1, respectively, and the peak at 1064 cm−1 increased in intensity compared to the peak
  • values of the latter polymers were ca. 35% lower than that of precursor chitosan, which indicated a lower polydispersity of the modified chitosans (Table 1). Free radicals had two functions in the modification of chitosan: (i) the degradation of the polymer by chain scission and (ii) the creation of
  • reactive sites accessible for the attachment of phenolic compounds. In free-radical grafting, the key role is played by hydroxyl radicals (·OH) that are generated through ascorbate radicals as a result of H2O2-induced oxidation of AA (Scheme 1). As the reaction proceeds at RT and no toxic byproducts are
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Published 20 May 2019

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

  • Jimena Olivares,
  • Teona Mirea,
  • Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
  • Bruno Marco,
  • José Miguel Escolano,
  • Marta Clement and
  • Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

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  • low-damage O2 RF-plasma in a reactive ion etcher. To prevent the negatively biased substrates from being bombarded by the energetic ions present in the plasma, a glass shield was placed 1 mm apart from the surface of the substrates. This way, only thermalized reactive oxygen radicals and neutral
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Published 29 Apr 2019

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

  • Qura Tul Ain,
  • Samina Hyder Haq,
  • Abeer Alshammari,
  • Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
  • Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

Graphical Abstract
  • , namely lipid peroxides, as well as antioxidant agents, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase was conducted. A comparison at different intervals of time after the administration of a dose (5 mg/kg) of PEG-nGO was carried out. An increase in free radicals and
  • the average size distribution of nGO and PEG-nGO, respectively. In vivo assays The number of free radicals produced by a dose of PEG-nGO was estimated by the comparative levels of lipid peroxides present in the control and treated groups. The level of lipid peroxides and free radical scavengers are
  • were no more significantly (P* < 0.05) increased in brain and liver, indicating a recovery from the induced OS. Glutathione is a tripeptide and, in its reduced form, acts as an active scavenger of free radicals produced as a result of lipid peroxidation. The concentration levels of the reduced
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Published 18 Apr 2019

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

  • Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
  • Carla Bittencourt and
  • Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

Graphical Abstract
  • characteristic peak at 1440 cm−1 related to CH2 and CH3 radicals. Note that O–H elongations do not appear in the Raman spectra, probably due to the weak intensity of the O–H peak in Raman spectroscopy. Once these thiols had been attached to Au-MWCNTs via the SAM technique, it was not possible to detect many of
  • chain. The gas sensing mechanism for detecting ethanol is, once more, related to hydrogen bonding (see Figure 6e,f). It is well-known that hydrophilic groups present more affinity to polar compounds (e.g., ethanol) than hydrophobic radicals. This concept can explain why the short hydrophilic chain thiol
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Published 27 Feb 2019

Geometrical optimisation of core–shell nanowire arrays for enhanced absorption in thin crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells

  • Robin Vismara,
  • Olindo Isabella,
  • Andrea Ingenito,
  • Fai Tong Si and
  • Miro Zeman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 322–331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.31

Graphical Abstract
  • fluorine radicals (F*) and oxygen radicals O*, which feed two competing chemical reactions: F* and Si react to form SF4+ ions, while from the reaction of O* and Si a silicon oxyfluorine (SiOxFy) layer is formed. This layer acts as mask against F* etching, but is physically broken by sputtered ions
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Published 31 Jan 2019

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

  • Florian Dumitrache,
  • Iuliana P. Morjan,
  • Elena Dutu,
  • Ion Morjan,
  • Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
  • Monica Scarisoreanu,
  • Alina Ilie,
  • Marius Dumitru,
  • Cristian Mihailescu,
  • Adriana Smarandache and
  • Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

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  • presence of carbon in the powder is minor and is derived from the decomposition of methyl and ethyl radicals released by volatile organometallic compounds. This fact can be explained by an insufficient (less than stoichiometricly required) quantity of oxidant for the total oxidation of alkylmetallic
  • precursors to oxides (SnO2 and ZnO, in fact Zn-doped SnO2), CO2 and H2O in the laser pyrolysis reaction zone. Due to the much higher reactivity of metals, the metal oxides are formed with priority, and the unoxidized alkyl radicals from the precursors will undergo a complex process involving reactions such
  • fluorine provided by SF6 decomposition with the alkyl radicals from metallic precursors) at 686.35 eV. The ≈685 eV F1s XPS peak was also detected in fluoride-doped SnO2 from milled PVdF (polyvynilidene fluoride)/SnO2 mixtures [42] and in solid or hollow fluoride-mediated hydrothermal synthesized SnO2
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Published 02 Jan 2019

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

  • Qian Zhang,
  • Qiyu Gu,
  • Fabrice Leroux,
  • Pinggui Tang,
  • Dianqing Li and
  • Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

Graphical Abstract
  • ]. Generally, the anti-aging agents effectively inhibit the degradation in two ways: (1) through capturing generated free radicals and stopping auto-oxidation and (2) through decomposing and eliminating hydroperoxides [4][5]. However, anti-aging agents are often organic chemicals that easily migrate and
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Published 05 Dec 2018

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

  • Philip D. Prewett,
  • Cornelis W. Hagen,
  • Claudia Lenk,
  • Steve Lenk,
  • Marcus Kaestner,
  • Tzvetan Ivanov,
  • Ahmad Ahmad,
  • Ivo W. Rangelow,
  • Xiaoqing Shi,
  • Stuart A. Boden,
  • Alex P. G. Robinson,
  • Dongxu Yang,
  • Sangeetha Hari,
  • Marijke Scotuzzi and
  • Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

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Published 14 Nov 2018

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

  • Sherif Okeil and
  • Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

Graphical Abstract
  • surface. However, the formation of a particulate morphology and the faceting of the silver surface is best explained by an anisotropic etching or a restructuring process of the silver surface by reactive nitrogen plasma species such as N2+, N2* (excited nitrogen), N•+ and N• (nitrogen radicals) [79]. The
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Published 07 Nov 2018

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes

  • Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
  • Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
  • Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
  • Luis G. Arriaga,
  • Janet Ledesma-García and
  • Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

Graphical Abstract
  • free radicals that are responsible for the degradation of organic molecules. As the ta increased, the signal for surface OH groups was enhanced, suggesting a direct relationship with the fluorine content [34]. A third feature (O 1s III, 532 eV) was also present in the oxygen spectra and was ascribed to
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Published 04 Oct 2018

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

  • Zdeněk Plichta,
  • Yulia Kozak,
  • Rostyslav Panchuk,
  • Viktoria Sokolova,
  • Matthias Epple,
  • Lesya Kobylinska,
  • Pavla Jendelová and
  • Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

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  • doxorubicin (Dox), which is considered as one of the most potent FDA-approved antitumor drugs [1]. Dox realizes its therapeutic effect via the inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II and the generation of free radicals, leading to cell membrane damage, inhibition of macromolecule production, and ultimately
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Published 25 Sep 2018

Improved catalytic combustion of methane using CuO nanobelts with predominantly (001) surfaces

  • Qingquan Kong,
  • Yichun Yin,
  • Bing Xue,
  • Yonggang Jin,
  • Wei Feng,
  • Zhi-Gang Chen,
  • Shi Su and
  • Chenghua Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2526–2532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.235

Graphical Abstract
  • forms, but spin-polarization for lowly coordinated Cu on the surface and radicals involved in CH4 oxidation deserves serious consideration. For instance, the difference in calculated adsorption energies with and without spin-polarization can be as high as 0.1–0.2 eV, with geometries showing slight
  • reactant to product). Based on our tests, both spin-polarization and vdW corrections are necessary, especially for the calculation of intermediate radicals involved in CH4 oxidation (e.g., CH2*, CH* and O*). During the quick screening of surfaces for CH4 adsorption, the adsorption energy (AE) and
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Published 24 Sep 2018

Hierarchical heterostructures of Bi2MoO6 microflowers decorated with Ag2CO3 nanoparticles for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of toxic pollutants

  • Shijie Li,
  • Wei Jiang,
  • Shiwei Hu,
  • Yu Liu,
  • Yanping Liu,
  • Kaibing Xu and
  • Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2297–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.214

Graphical Abstract
  • shows a stable structure [32]. These results verify that ACO/BMO-30 is stable. It is rationally speculated that ACO/BMO-30 has great potential for the elimination of toxic pollutants. Photocatalytic mechanism In general, radicals and other active species (e.g., •O2−, •OH and h+) produced in the
  • and Bi2MoO6 are able to absorb visible light and, and charge carriers are photo-generated on the surface of Ag2CO3 and Bi2MoO6. The electrons in the CB of Bi2MoO6 can partially transfer into that of Ag2CO3. The electrons are then captured by the oxygen, producing •O2− radicals, which play a minor role
  • inhibited, as verified by PL results (Figure 5) [53][54]. Although the VB potential of Ag2CO3 (2.6 eV) is more positive than that of H2O/•OH (2.38 eV/NHE at pH 7), the generated •OH radicals did not act as the major active species for pollutant degradation (Figure 9). In Ag/Ag2CO3/Bi2MoO6, Ag(0) can also be
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Published 27 Aug 2018

Synthesis of a MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

  • Zishun Li,
  • Xuekun Tang,
  • Kun Liu,
  • Jing Huang,
  • Yueyang Xu,
  • Qian Peng and
  • Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

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  • considered as the most promising method because of the high removal efficiency and wide application scopes [6][7]. Iron-based homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton or Fenton-like catalysts with the activation of H2O2 can effectively generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH, the main reactive species for the
  • heterogeneous Fenton-like system of MnO2-peroxymonosulfate (MnO2-PMS) is proposed. As alternatives to H2O2 and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and the sulfate radical (•SO4−) exhibit a wider functional pH range, convenience in storage and higher oxidation selectivity. Also, compared to iron
  • of PMS increasing from 0.15 to 0.60 g/L, which is probably due to the higher PMS concentration promoting the generation of active radicals (•SO4−). Figure 9d shows the TOC reduction as a function of the reaction time. Less than 10% of TOC is removed in the initial adsorption process. Then, the
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Published 06 Jul 2018

Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

  • André Giese,
  • Sebastian Schipporeit,
  • Volker Buck and
  • Nicolas Wöhrl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

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  • generated from the gaseous radicals in the plasma and condensate on the surface to form nanoislands with dangling bonds as described in the Stranski–Krastanov growth model (stage 1). In stage 2, a high density of carbon nanoislands is reached on the substrate, offering a rough surface with a considerable
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Published 29 Jun 2018

Free-radical gases on two-dimensional transition-metal disulfides (XS2, X = Mo/W): robust half-metallicity for efficient nitrogen oxide sensors

  • Chunmei Zhang,
  • Yalong Jiao,
  • Fengxian Ma,
  • Sri Kasi Matta,
  • Steven Bottle and
  • Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1641–1646, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.156

Graphical Abstract
  • selectively detect NO by exhibiting half-metallicity after physical adsorption of gas on the surface. For comparison, an investigation of NO2 adsorbed on single-layer XS2 (X = Mo, W) is also presented as both NO and NO2 are free radicals and can introduce magnetic moments to the gas/XS2 (X = Mo, W) system
  • discussions on the adsorption of NO and NO2 on XS2 (X = Mo, W), as NO and NO2 are paramagnetic free radicals. Most other gas molecules, such as NH3, CO and CO2, have no magnetic moment. Monolayer XS2 (X = Mo, W) have a hexagonal configuration, where three pairs of S atoms are anchored on one X atom and form
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Published 05 Jun 2018

Absence of free carriers in silicon nanocrystals grown from phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon-rich oxide and oxynitride

  • Daniel Hiller,
  • Julian López-Vidrier,
  • Keita Nomoto,
  • Michael Wahl,
  • Wolfgang Bock,
  • Tomáš Chlouba,
  • František Trojánek,
  • Sebastian Gutsch,
  • Margit Zacharias,
  • Dirk König,
  • Petr Malý and
  • Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1501–1511, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.141

Graphical Abstract
  • oxide are SiH4 and N2O. Since Si-rich oxides have to be grown in O-depletion, some of the N-radicals present in the plasma react with the Si and are subsequently incorporated in the film. The resulting material is inevitably a Si-rich oxynitride (SRON) with in our case ≈10 atom % N [16]. Considering
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Published 18 May 2018

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO2-mediated photocatalytic reduction

  • Rashmi Acharya,
  • Brundabana Naik and
  • Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

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  • Equation 6 to form a superoxide anion (O2•−), which acts as a strong oxidizing agent. Similarly, strongly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are produced in the VB by the reaction of hVB+ with either surface hydroxy groups (–OH) or adsorbed water molecules (Equation 7). The reaction of these active species
  • visible-light irradiation. The authors have also reported that •CO2− radicals (produced by the reaction of hVB+ with HCO2NH4) and eCB− are responsible for the reduction of 4-nitroaniline to p-phenylenediamine over CdS/TiO2 photocatalysts [56]. Photodegradation of pollutants The principle of photocatalysis
  • simultaneous formation of molecular oxygen and hydroxyl radicals at the CoO surface [169]. NiO is a p-type semiconductor, which can conveniently be combined with different photocatalysts and the composite photocatalysts exhibit higher activity [170][171][172]. The introduction of nickel oxide into the TiO2
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Published 16 May 2018

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

  • Joseph C. Cremaldi and
  • Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

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Published 19 Mar 2018

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

  • Maya Endo,
  • Zhishun Wei,
  • Kunlei Wang,
  • Baris Karabiyik,
  • Kenta Yoshiiri,
  • Paulina Rokicka,
  • Bunsho Ohtani,
  • Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
  • Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

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  • disinfection of UV irradiation (only during treatment/direct irradiation). Ozone disinfection is also efficient for the degradation of microorganisms, either directly by ozone molecules or by formed oxidative radicals. However, it should be reminded that ozone itself is harmful and can initiate the formation
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Published 07 Mar 2018

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

  • Mengyuan Zhang,
  • Jiaqian Qin,
  • Pengfei Yu,
  • Bing Zhang,
  • Mingzhen Ma,
  • Xinyu Zhang and
  • Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

Graphical Abstract
  • ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid sodium (EDTA sodium) were adopted as scavengers of O2•− [53], •OH [54] radicals and holes [55], respectively. From the results displayed in Figure 6f, it is obvious that while the addition of BQ significantly inhibits the photocatalytic activity, DMSO has less effect on
  • mainly attributed to the oxidation reaction of O2•− and the •OH radicals. Based on the results of the experiments, the probable processes of the mechanism can be proposed as follows: Photocatalytic mechanism On the basis of above results, it is firmly believed that the photocatalytic degradation ability
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Published 05 Mar 2018

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

  • T. Anh Thu Do,
  • Truong Giang Ho,
  • Thu Hoai Bui,
  • Quang Ngan Pham,
  • Hong Thai Giang,
  • Thi Thu Do,
  • Duc Van Nguyen and
  • Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

Graphical Abstract
  • radicals (e.g., •O2−, •OOH, and •OH) at the surface, which are mainly involved in photocatalytic degradation of dyes into CO2 or harmless compounds [42]. Therefore, to further determine the ability of Au-decorated ZnO and ZnO sub-micrometer spheres in improving irradiation, PL spectra of an aqueous RhB
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Published 01 Mar 2018
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