The impact of crystal size and temperature on the adsorption-induced flexibility of the Zr-based metal–organic framework DUT-98

• Simon Krause,
• Volodymyr Bon,
• Hongchu Du,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski,
• Ulrich Stoeck,
• Irena Senkovska and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1737–1744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.169

• ]. The diffuse reflectance Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy results show typical vibrations corresponding to the linker and OH groups of the MOFs in all materials (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S12). To analyze whether adsorption of water can promote contraction in small crystals of DUT

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• reflectance spectra of TiO2, BiOCl, TiO2/diatomite, and BTD. The results show that TiO2, BiOCl, TiO2/diatomite and BTD have strong absorption in the ultraviolet region. The absorption edge of TiO2 is about 390 nm. The absorption of BiOCl is mainly concentrated in the range of <380 nm, while the absorption

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• work suggests a rational structure design of efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation. Synthesis of Au/CBO composite. (a) XRD patterns of CBO and 2.5 wt % Au/CBO; (b) UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of as-prepared composites. (a, b) SEM images and (c) EDX spectrum of the 2.5 wt % Au

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• results. The reflectance UV–vis spectra of the samples are presented in Figure 3b. No obvious absorption band was observed for the bare cellulose filter paper (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4). For sample Ag-NP/cellulose-NF–A, the strong surface plasmon resonance absorption band of silver

• manually. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were acquired on a Philips X’Pert Pro diffractometer with a Cu Kα (λ = 0.15405 nm) radiation source. Diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectra were recorded by using a Shimadzu UV-2450 spectrophotometer in the diffuse-reflectance mode using an integrating sphere

• nanoparticle showing the lattice of metallic silver (b). X-ray diffraction patterns (a) and diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectra (b) of Ag-NP/cellulose-NF–A, B, C, D, and E. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) survey spectrum (c) and high-resolution XPS spectrum of the Ag 3d region (d) of sample Ag-NP

Angle-dependent structural colors in a nanoscale-grating photonic crystal fabricated by reverse nanoimprint technology

• Xu Zheng,
• Qing Wang,
• Jinjin Luan,
• Yao Li,
• Ning Wang and
• Rui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1211–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.120

• grating photonic crystal fabricated through reverse nanoimprint lithography is investigated. The photonic crystal exhibited a wide range color spectrum from red to blue. Periodicity and angle-dependence of the reflection wavelengths are explored through measuring reflectance spectra. Based on the

• angle of 45°. Figure 3b shows the reflection wavelength of the photonic crystal as a function of the horizontal observation angle measured with a fiber spectrometer. Generally, the maximum reflectance is larger than 50%. When the horizontal observation angle changes from 30° to 65°, the reflection

Revisiting semicontinuous silver films as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates

• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Małgorzata Norek,
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz and
• Piotr Nyga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1048–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.105

• ][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. However, transmittance, reflectance and absorption are rarely reported in these studies, and it is difficult to link the optical properties of these nanostructures with their SERS performance. In our earlier initial study we investigated SSFs as SERS substrates [55

• quartz crystal microbalance. Characterization of semicontinuous silver films Optical properties of SSFs were characterized using UV–vis–NIR Perkin Elmer Lambda 900 spectrometer. Transmittance was measured using a standard detector, while reflectance was measured with an integrating sphere module

• . Absorption was calculated assuming the sum of transmittance, reflectance, and absorption is 100%. The morphology of the fabricated structures was measured using a Quanta 3D FEG Dual Beam scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The SEM images of SSFs were converted to black

Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk

• Meguya Ryu,
• Reo Honda,
• Adrian Cernescu,
• Arturas Vailionis,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Jitraporn Vongsvivut,
• Jing-Liang Li,
• Denver P. Linklater,
• Elena P. Ivanova,
• Vygantas Mizeikis,
• Mark J. Tobin,
• Junko Morikawa and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 922–929, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.93

• orientation dependency of the birefringence Δn and dichroism Δκ, define the optical response of a material. The reflectance R is proportional to the real part, while the absorbance A corresponds to the imaginary part of . Recently, we demonstrated that the IR measurements of silk performed using three

• differences between the reflectance and absorbance of silk fibers with ca. 10 nm resolution. Cross sections of silk fibers were prepared using an ultramicrotome. Silk was chosen due to its well-known spectral properties and its increasing applications as a biocompatible and biodegradable material [13][14

• /I0, OD is the optical density, ω is the cyclic frequency of light, and c is the speed of light. The reflectance for the normal incidence from air is defined as R = [(n− 1)2 + κ2]/[(n + 1)2 + κ2]. Results and Discussion X-ray diffraction is the method of choice to reveal the internal structure of

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• preparation process. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was used to investigate the optical absorption properties of g-C3N4, CCN and the series of CISCCN composites. As shown in Figure 6a, g-C3N4 exhibits an absorption edge at approximately 426 nm. For the CCN sample, however, the light absorption

• , NEXUS-870, Nicolet Instrument Co. USA), X-ray diffraction (XRD, XD-3, Purkinje General, China, Cu Kα radiation), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Escalab 250Xi, America), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS, Hitachi U-4100) at a wavelength range of 200–800 nm, and fluorescence

Fabrication of silver nanoisland films by pulsed laser deposition for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Bogusław Budner,
• Mariusz Kuźma,
• Barbara Nasiłowska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 882–893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.89

• ), the monotonically increase of the reflectance is visible as the wavelength increases. Samples D and E, with the thickest layers of Ag, show similar shapes of the UV–vis spectra. These samples, however, have a lower reflectance in the range of 350 to 850 nm and local minima at around 540 nm and 370 nm

• ,respectively. The samples with the smallest dimensions of silver nanoislands (samples A, B, F, G, H, and I) have completely different shapes of spectra. These samples have a much lower reflectance in the range of 350 to 850 nm with one characteristic minimum between 400 and 430 nm, which corresponds to plasmon

• resonance of Ag NPs. The small shift of the plasmon resonance peak may be related to rather small variations of the size of particles between samples obtained using various deposition process parameters. Then reflectance increases and reaches a maximum in the range of 450 to 520 nm and decreases again

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• PC spectrophotometer. Kubelka–Munk theory was applied to the LDH filler data to transform the diffuse reflectance spectra into absorption spectra. The fluorescence spectra of PBS–LDH nanocomposites were recorded with a Perkin-Elmer LS-55 luminescence spectrophotometer equipped with a front surface

• considering a rectangular parallelepiped shape. FTIR spectra of organo-modified Mg2Al hybrids: (a) LDH/HIS, (c) LDH/PHE and pristine amino acids: (b) L-HIS, (d) L-PHE (left side), zoom region on the right side. Diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectra (Kubelka–Munk functions) of Mg2Al LDHs. XRD patterns of PBS

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• inspection. IR spectra were obtained using a Perking Elmer Spectrum 100 spectrometer operated in transmission mode for films and in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode for powder samples. The films were deposited onto calcium fluoride windows. Water contact angle measurements were performed on different

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• (λ = 0.15415 nm). Patterns were recorded in the 2θ range of 5–70° in steps of 0.04° with a counting time per step of 8 s. The modified fibers were analyzed by pressing them gently onto a copper sample holder. ATR-FTIR analysis: Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR

• the refined fibers have more empty spaces and pores than unrefined fibers, which might reduce light scattering and reflectance. The brightness of unbleached pulps (UBKP, UBKPR) was markedly lower. UBKPR shows a very poor ISO brightness which sometimes could not be determined due the very weak

• reflectance (Table S2, Supporting Information File 1). C-F fibers exhibit a lower brightness than the reference fibers (REF, Table S2, Supporting Information File 1). Again, the difference was huge with unbleached fibers for the reasons discussed above. AA, which is a resin acid with dull brown color

Direct observation of the CVD growth of monolayer MoS₂ using in situ optical spectroscopy

• Claudia Beatriz López-Posadas,
• Yaxu Wei,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Daniel Kahr,
• Michael Hohage and
• Lidong Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 557–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.57

• reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), which measures the normalized difference between the reflectance of the bare surface and the surface covered by thin films, possesses an enhanced sensitivity to the surface modification and ultrathin film growth [25][26]. This technique has been successfully applied to reveal

• properties associated with the MoS2 layer can be revealed spectroscopically. Furthermore, since the sapphire substrate is transparent in the visible range, the change of the reflectance upon the growth of an ultrathin MoS2 layer is directly proportional to its absorption [25]. Assuming the scattering effect

• of the sapphire substrate. This conclusion is based on a thorough ex situ characterization after CVD growth using differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescent spectroscopy (PL), optical microscopy (OM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Actually, from the first

Ultraviolet patterns of flowers revealed in polymer replica – caused by surface architecture

• Anna J. Schulte,
• Matthias Mail,
• Lisa A. Hahn and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 459–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.45

• studies, the statements about the influence of the surface structure on the UV-reflectance are contrary [12][31] – Some postulated an influence while others doubt that there is any influence on the UV-pattern by the surface structure. Furthermore, there are hardly any studies were the structure was

• the infrared and visible spectrum. Spectral reflectance measurements using a spectrometer with an integrating sphere Diffuse reflectance measurements were acquired throughout the 280 nm to 800 nm spectrum using a commercially available double-beam spectrometer (Lambda 1050, Perkin Elmer, Massachusets

• , USA) with an internal integrating sphere (Labsphere RSA-PE-20, 600 mm), whereby the total reflectance (r) was measured. The reference beam irradiates a Spectralon™ surface, which was calibrated as a 100% (r = 100%) reflective surface. The samples were attached to an opening in the surface of the

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• NFs and QDs are also calculated from UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5), which are found to be 2.06, 2.15, 2.20, 2.22, 2.32 and 2.41 eV for the GCN-5, GCN-20, GCN-10, CN-5, CN-20 and CN-10 samples, respectively. The conduction and valence band potential

Gold nanoparticles embedded in a polymer as a 3D-printable dichroic nanocomposite material

• Lars Kool,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 442–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.43

• 4th century puzzled scientists for long time: The Lycurgus cup [7]. This cup has a very peculiar dichroic filter property [8], as its color is dependent on the illumination angle, changing from clear red (transmittance) to opaque green (reflectance). It was later found that this optical property was

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

• Marwa Mokni,
• Gianluigi Maggioni,
• Abdelkader Kahouli,
• Sara M. Carturan,
• Walter Raniero and
• Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

• transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR, Nicolet 380) in reflectance mode at a resolution of 4 cm−1 in a wave number range from 400 to 3200 cm−1. The spectra were obtained after a previous background subtraction with 32 scans for each sample to remove the contribution of H2O and CO2 molecules. Dielectric

Geometrical optimisation of core–shell nanowire arrays for enhanced absorption in thin crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells

• Robin Vismara,
• Olindo Isabella,
• Andrea Ingenito,
• Fai Tong Si and
• Miro Zeman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 322–331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.31

• reflectance measured by means of a Perkin Elmer LAMBDA 950 UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer. Modelling approach Simulations of the radial heterojunction c-Si nanowire solar cell were carried out by means of a 3D Maxwell equation solver, based on the finite element method (FEM). The “High Frequency Structure

• Information File 1, the implied photocurrent density losses, due to reflection and parasitic absorption in supporting layers, are included. It can be observed that an increase in NW height reduces reflectance. This can be expected since (in general) taller nanostructures exhibit better anti-reflection

• other hand, reflectance losses are significant for narrow nanowires (d < 200 nm), decreasing sharply until reaching a minimum between 400 and 500 nm. For larger values of the cross section (d > 500 nm), reflection losses become larger again. This behaviour can be explained as follows: When d is too

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• thickness of 100 nm derived from SEM images (Table 3). The absorption coefficient α was determined as where d is the layer thickness, R is the total reflectance, included to compensate for thin film interference, and T is the total transmittance. The band gap of Sb2S3 layers was determined by plotting (αhν

• accounting for reflectance in α calculations. Thus, the absolute values of α may deviate from the expected values with the uncertainty introduced by using a constant layer thickness in calculations. The α vs wavelength plots of samples, which contain as-deposited or vacuum-treated Sb2S3 layers deposited from

• 0.02°, 5°/min, silicon strip detector D/teX Ultra). The crystal structure and phase composition were analyzed using Rigaku PDXL 2 software. Optical total transmittance and total reflectance spectra of glass/ITO/TiO2 reference and glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples were measured in the 250–1600 nm range vs

Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• crystallographic texture, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JSM-5900 LV, JEOV) for micro-morphology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Tecnai G2 F20 S-TWIN) for microstructure, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV2100) for photoabsorption properties, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Escalab

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• valuable from a technological point of view are its electrical conductivity, which is strongly affected by the surface states and the presence of dopants, transparency in the visible light range, high reflectance in the infrared range, and its classification as not potentially toxic or harmful [2][3]. The

• samples, yet in our case, the UV–vis absorption in this region seems to be considerably lower. Unfortunately, in the methods employed to extract the absorbance (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using BaSO4 reflectance standard in [53] vs direct absorption from ethanolic suspensions in our study), the

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• carboxylic acid groups. The grafting efficiency was evidenced by zeta potential measurements and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. Figure 2b shows that after treatment of the silica surface by APTES, the so-aminated nanoparticles display a quite high zeta potential value of

• -resolution SEM experiments with a JSM 6700F microscope at the Plateforme de Caractérisation des Matériaux d’Aquitaine (PLACAMAT). One drop of the CMs suspension was deposited on a glass slide. It was then dried in the open air, metalized, and placed in a box away from dust. Diffuse reflectance infrared

Optimization of Mo/Cr bilayer back contacts for thin-film solar cells

• Nima Khoshsirat,
• Fawad Ali,
• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• Mojtaba Amjadipour,
• Hongxia Wang,
• Mahnaz Shafiei and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2700–2707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.252

• different deposition powers and working pressures. Good adhesion to the SLG substrate has been achieved by means of an ultra-thin Cr layer under the Mo layer. By optimizing the deposition conditions we achieved low surface roughness, high optical reflectance and low sheet resistivity while we could decrease

• ; bilayer; chromium; DC sputtering; molybdenum; optical reflectance; Introduction Molybdenum (Mo) thin films are widely used as a back contact for photovoltaic devices such as Cu(In1−xGax)S2 (CIGS) and Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin-film solar cells. The back contact is the first layer to be deposited and its

• a functions of the sputtering power and pressure [8][9]. The most successful approach suggested so far to improve the adhesion of Mo back contact layer to the glass substrate (while retaining its conductivity and optical reflectance) is through the deposition of a Mo bilayer rather than a single

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• ). XPS spectra were analyzed with the Casa-XPS software using a Shirley background subtraction and Gaussian–Lorentzian curves for fitting. UV–vis spectra were recorded by a double-beam Thermo Fisher Scientific Evolution 220 spectrophotometer in reflectance mode. The spectra were recorded in a range of

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• Si–NH2 solution was recorded on a Cary 660 FTIR spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, USA) within the range of 4000–500 cm−1 at 4 cm−1 resolution, and 100 scans were accumulated in the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode using a GladiATR unit (Pike Technologies). The spectrum of the substance is