Protruding hydrogen atoms as markers for the molecular orientation of a metallocene

• Linda Laflör,
• Michael Reichling and
• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.127

• finding which we attribute to the different van der Waals radii of CO and xenon. From a comparison with the molecular geometry we can confidentially assign the dark weights of the dumbbell to repulsive interactions with the top hydrogen atoms Htop (see Figure 1a). The bright halo around these two weights

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• ] or the supercritical CO2 method [14]) to form the required electrocatalyst [6]. The third step is technically challenging and has a substantial influence on the homogeneous distribution of NPs on the support. Since the NPs are typically bound to the support by weak van der Waals forces, the

On the frequency dependence of viscoelastic material characterization with intermittent-contact dynamic atomic force microscopy: avoiding mischaracterization across large frequency ranges

• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1409–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.125

• eigenfrequency [5], but only the fundamental eigenfrequency is driven. The cantilever parameters used are provided in Table 2. The tip–sample forces consist of two components. The attractive van der Waals interactions were modeled through the Hamaker equation, as is also customary in AFM [2]. The repulsive

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• interfacial potentials. For this purpose, the interfacial potentials were calculated by using three different methods: an empirical approach, in which the wetting angle was taken into account (“WA model”); a completely theoretical approach, in which the interface was described purely by van der Waals

• the vW model fails since gold droplets are formed on the silicon oxide surface. A deep insight into the characteristics and properties of the observed material is needed to perform calculations using van der Waals interactions. However, thermal silicon oxide has no defined crystallographic orientation

• . Even for thermal silicon oxide surfaces, which are grown in a well-controlled manner, only approximate values are given in the literature [23]. In addition, the van der Waals energy between silicon oxide and gold is repulsive, which is unsuitable for a model that assumes two surfaces that are brought

Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1207–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.105

• conservative torques acting on the i-th nanoparticle. The forces acting on the nanoparticles of the system are the van der Waals forces, electrostatic repulsive forces, magnetic dipolar forces, steric repulsion forces and the random Brownian force [19][26][27][28][29]. The stabilisation of magnetic particles

• ., surface-to-surface separation between nanoparticles), and on the surface density of the polymer coating layer. Thus, the model uses the van der Waals interaction force equation, as follows [21]: where ri and rj are spherical particle radii of the i-th and j-th nanoparticles, is the versor of the

Vibration analysis and pull-in instability behavior in a multiwalled piezoelectric nanosensor with fluid flow conveyance

• Sayyid H. Hashemi Kachapi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1072–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.92

• analysis; surface/interface effect; van der Waals force; viscous fluid velocity; Introduction Nanomechanical sensors and resonators, especially when combined with piezoelectric materials, are widely used in modern engineering, which encompasses numerous, diverse fields of science and technology

• (TWNTs) subjected to the interlayer van der Waals (vdW) force in the framework of the Sanders–Koiter shell theory [12]. Also, based on nonlocal cylindrical shell theory, Ghorbanpour Arani et al. studied nonlinear vibration and instability of double-walled boron nitride nanotubes [13]. Malihi et al

• . investigated the effect of nonzero initial conditions, the nonlinear coefficient of squeeze film air damping, and the van der Waals effect on the stability of torsional nanomirrors for the obtained dynamic pull-in instability voltage using the size effect [14]. Fakhrabadi et al. utilized the modified couple

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• minimize the interaction energy (van der Waals and electrostatic) even at the expense of molecule deformation. Another issue that needs to be addressed is the rotation of the manipulated molecules. The majority of Sn-down molecules adsorb over titanium rows with their diagonal parallel to the [001

Templating effect of single-layer graphene supported by an insulating substrate on the molecular orientation of lead phthalocyanine

• K. Priya Madhuri,
• Abhay A. Sagade,
• Pralay K. Santra and
• Neena S. John

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 814–820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.66

• the highly delocalized macrocycles. The competing interfacial van der Waals forces and molecule–molecule interactions lead to the formation of a small fraction of triclinic moieties. The nanoscale electrical characterization of the thin PbPc layer on graphene by means of conducting atomic force

• consider any influence of the underlying substrate on the MPc orientation. It has been shown that a monolayer of graphene, due to its extremely thin nature, exhibits transparency to the wetting behavior on substrates where van der Waals forces are the dominant surface–water interactions [14]. The wetting

• polymer residues via thermal treatment [30]. Recently, Rafiee et al. found, in the context of wetting, that the van der Waals forces are not disrupted by the graphene sheet as it is extremely thin (ca. 0.3 nm) [14]. Hence, we consider that the edge-on configurations are formed under the influence of the

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• variation with geometrical confinement in some TMDCs has been studied recently [7]. Monolayer (1L) TMDCs consist of a plane of a transition metal, M, sandwiched by chalcogenides, X, on either side to yield the stoichiometry MX2 [8]. The interlayer bonding in most ML TMDCs is through the weak van der Waals

• [32] (Figure 1b), and a van der Waals gap g = 3.36 Å [33] (Figure 1c, left). The crystal structure of WSe2 (0001) consists of a repetition of Se–W–Se trilayers, as depicted in Figure 1b. The irreducible representation of the phonon modes at the center of the Brillouin zone in WSe2 can be described by

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• at an even more emerging stage of development that can serve as alternative material platforms. These are generally the wide-bandgap group II–VI and III–V materials, such GaN [32][33][34] and ZnO [35][36][37], and low-dimensional van der Waals materials, including the transition metal dichalcogenide

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• z−6 dependency that can be mathematically derived to describe long-range van der Waals force interactions [55]. However, the repulsive term in the 6-12 LJ pair potential has a z−12 dependency that is empirical and computationally simple [32][56]. While it is known that the repulsive term in the 6-12

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• distorted edge- and corner-sharing MoO6 octahedra. The layers are linked through weak out-of-plane van der Waals interactions. For exfoliation of MoO3, 2-butanone, a low boiling point solvent, was chosen the HSP values of which match well with those of MoO3 (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1). To

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• ) 8.1 times that of commercial, activated carbon for AR1. The remarkable adsorption of AR1 and JGB over KOH-900 could be explained by the combined mechanisms of hydrophobic, π–π, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Keywords: acid red 1; adsorption; bulky dye molecules; Janus green B

• effective adsorption of small MO or MB since van der Waals interactions rely on adequate matching between pore and adsorbates. On the contrary, bulky dye molecules such as AR1 and JGB can interact effectively with KOH-900 via van der Waals interactions, which relies on the suitable pore size of KOH-900 for

• the bulky dye molecules. In summary, the remarkable adsorption of AR1 and JGB over KOH-900 can be explained by the combined mechanisms of hydrophobic, π–π, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Competitiveness of KOH-900 in adsorption of dyes Based on the remarkable performance of KOH-900 in

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• calixarene units covalently bound in various ways. Although there are many reports on calixerene [59], cyclodextrins offer a wide scope for such interactions in biological applications. They could act as a host for many biomolecules or drugs via hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction or van der Waals

• responsive to external stimuli such as temperature, light and chemical environment. They might also have the capability to self-assemble into functional materials via hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, metal–ligand interaction and van der Waals forces. Among them, the major driving force of such

DFT calculations of the structure and stability of copper clusters on MoS₂

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 391–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.30

• onto the monolayer, and calculations using different van der Waals (vdW) corrections show that the adsorption is driven by vdW interactions. The metal chains prefer to adsorb in the armchair conformation and cause a break of the hexagonal symmetry of graphene. Despite slightly contradictory results

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• subsurface layer. A gas cluster is a relatively stable particle, which consists of about a thousand atoms or molecules bound by van der Waals interactions. Cluster beams have attracted great attention because of their unusual properties, such as, the high mass–charge ratio, the ability to transport more

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• -based devices, hybrid perovskite thin films and single crystals as well as type-II van der Waals heterojunctions based on transition metal dichalcogenides. Experimental Nc-AFM and pp-KPFM Noncontact-AFM (nc-AFM) experiments were performed with a ScientaOmicron VT-AFM setup in UHV at room temperature (RT

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• using available production technologies [8]. GnPs, formed by several graphene layers bonded together by van der Waals forces, are a potential alternative to graphene since they exhibit interesting properties and their fabrication cost is lower [8][9]. Numerous studies performed on nanocomposites with

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• organic cation, M2+ is a divalent metal, and X− is a halide anion [57]. The overall 2D structure is stabilized via van der Waals interactions. Importantly, the 2D perovskite structure can also be considered as a multiple-quantum-well structure, which obviously suppresses the ion migration that is evident

• counterpart. Here, the van der Waals gap between the organic layer and the inorganic slab is removed. The organic layers are connected with perovskite layers by strong hydrogen bonds in the 2D Dion–Jacobson (2DDJ) perovskite, which has a reasonably enhanced stability compared to the 2DRP perovskite. Guo et al

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• length of the two SAM-forming molecules (1.68 nm for PAT, according to van der Waals structures [39] and 2.3 nm for the HDT [40]). The electrical conductivity as determined from the I–V-curves measured with the conductive probe AFM increases with the calculated diameter of the PAT islands (Figure 2d

The importance of design in nanoarchitectonics: multifractality in MACE silicon nanowires

• Stefania Carapezzi and
• Anna Cavallini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2094–2102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.204

• nanoarchitectonics consists in the approach of building up large structures from nanoscaled units by self-assembly. This self-building is driven by the reciprocal interactions among the units, where these interactions are such as van der Waals, electrostatic, magnetic, molecular, and entropic forces [3]. The

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of a MoO₃ monolayer through oxygen vacancies

• Wenwen Zheng,
• Wei Cao,
• Ziyu Wang,
• Huixiong Deng,
• Jing Shi and
• Rui Xiong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2031–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.199

• structures finally lead to only two stable structures after relaxation which is attributed to the absence of interlayer van der Waals forces. It is difficult to calculate the thermal conductivity of the lattice and electrical relaxation time of a 71 atom primitive cell employing Boltzmann transport theory

First principles modeling of pure black phosphorus devices under pressure

• Ximing Rong,
• Zhizhou Yu,
• Zewen Wu,
• Junjun Li,
• Bin Wang and
• Yin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1943–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.190

• electronic properties through van der Waals interactions [29]. Although the pressure response of BP has been extensively studied, the dependence of strain-related quantum transport on the conformation in pure BP devices was rarely explored. This is the purpose of this manuscript. Moreover, in addition to

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

• , which provide a substantial tendency for self-assembly and the formation of gels. In addition, other weak forces, such as π–π stacking, hydrophobic effect, electrostatic interactions, and van der Waals forces, are also serviceable in driving molecular self-assembly of CDPs toward the formation of gels