Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• -enhanced Raman spectroscopy [4]. Ion beam formation of nanoscale ripples has emerged as a versatile method to imprint uniaxial magnetic anisotropy [5] and to control the magnetic texture of thin films [6]. Formation of self-assembled surface nanoripple structures by monoatomic off-normal ion irradiation

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• with regard to the relationship between meso- and macroporosity and the sp2-hybridized atomic structure, the latter being determined by the carbon source. Based on porosity analysis (Hg porosimetry and physisorption), small-angle neutron scattering, wide-angle X-ray scattering and Raman spectroscopy we

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• method of Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller in a relative pressure range of p/p0 0.01 to 0.3. The ratio of micropore surface area to external surface area was calculated by the t-plot method (thickness curve: carbon black STSA, fitted thickness range: 0.4–0.6 nm). Raman spectroscopy measurements were

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• nanoparticles are formed in the internal cavities and pile-ups of cavities. Raman spectroscopy of the hierarchical Ag/Cu substrates Microstructure optimization with different machining parameters The AgNO3 solution corrosion time and different machining parameters have a significant influence on the performance

• of copper is higher than the hierarchical substrate on the copper plane. Raman spectroscopy of malachite green molecules on hierarchical SERS substrates Malachite green (MG) is commonly used in food and biological dyes and is one of the most common bactericides in aquaculture. However, malachite

• experiment, EDX/SEM (Zeiss, Germany) was employed to demonstrate that silver was generated on the copper surface. The micro-Raman spectroscopy system (Renishaw, inVia, UK) was equipped with a 532 nm laser and focused with a 50× objective lens. The incident optical power was set to 0.6 mW and the beam

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• phase composition were characterized by XRD (Rigaku Ultima IV, θ-2θ, Cu Kα1 λ = 1.5406 Å, 40 kV, 40 mA, step 0.02°, 5° min−1, Si strip detector D/teX Ultra) and Raman spectroscopy (Horiba Labram HR 800, backscattering mode, ≈143 µW µm−2). The elemental composition of glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples and

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• attachment of 1-hexadecanethiol on the Au-MWCNT sensor layer. The corresponding S–H stretch vibration mode band is found at 2360 cm−1 [27][28][29][30]. Moreover, other techniques were used for thiol monolayer characterisation. In previous work [31][32], different thiol chains were characterized by Raman

• spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements. In summary, the obtained FTIR results confirm the covalent functionalisation of Au-decorated MWCNTs with HDT. Sensing results Au-MWCNT sensing of aromatic VOCs Figure 4 shows the response of the Au-MWCNT sensor to benzene and

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

• Nahid Hosseini,
• Matthias Neuenschwander,
• Oliver Peric,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Jonathan D. Adams and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

• ], high-resolution electrochemical and nanoelectrical imaging [7][8], Raman spectroscopy [9], nanoindentation [10], nanomechanical machining [11], plasmonic applications [12][13] and microscale grapping [14]. In parallel with the development of AFM cantilevers made out of traditional materials (e.g

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• and Li5Ti4O12 fibers in Figure 4 reveals that the active particles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the fibers, in agreement with the SEM images. EDS analysis shows either Fe, C, P, and O or Ti, C, and O on the fibers. The fibers were further examined using XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• of nanocrystalline kuramite by means of a simpler, greener and scalable solvothermal synthesis. We exploited a multianalytical characterization approach (X-ray diffraction, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electronic

• microscopy (SEM), principal component analysis (PCA) of the wavelength dispersion spectroscopy (WDS) data, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Raman spectroscopy. Materials and Methods Synthesis The reactants necessary for the three syntheses are: CuCl2·2H2O (Merck), ZnCl2 (Merck), SnCl2·2H2O (Riedel-de

• ][55]. Raman spectroscopy was performed with a He–Ne laser source emitting at 632.8 nm with a laser spot on the sample of about 10 μm2. The main reference for the positions of the Raman peaks is from the RRUFF database [56]. XAS measurements at Cu and Sn K-edge (8978.9 and 29200.1 eV, respectively

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• nanoparticles designed for use as MRI contrast media are precisely examined by a variety of methods: powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZF-NMR) spectroscopy. TEM and XRD measurements reveal

• spectroscopy; MRI contrast agents; nanocrystalline materials; NMR spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Nowadays, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used in biology and medicine. A large number of studies [1][2][3][4] have shown different prospects of their use for sample preparation, in

• possibility of its transfer to production. Raman spectroscopy can also be used to discriminate nanoscale magnetite and maghemite. However, this method gives only qualitative information about the iron oxide structure and does not allow the number of Fe2+ and Fe3+ atoms or their positions to be determined

First principles modeling of pure black phosphorus devices under pressure

• Ximing Rong,
• Zhizhou Yu,
• Zewen Wu,
• Junjun Li,
• Bin Wang and
• Yin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1943–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.190

• orthorhombic semiconductor to a simple cubic metal with increasing pressure by performing in situ ADXRD and Raman spectroscopy with the assistance of a DAC apparatus. They also carried out first principles calculations to interpret the metallic behavior of BP under pressure. Pablo et al. investigated the

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy (JY-HR 800, 532 nm wavelength YAG laser). The element composition and chemical bonding of samples were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, PHI-5702, Mg KR X-ray, 1253.6 eV). The pore size distribution was measured by the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• characterization the natural anisotropy of 1T’-WTe2. In this paper, we present a combined experimental and quantitative study on the anisotropic optical and electronic properties of mechanically isolated 1T’-WTe2. Through a systematic characterization including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

• parameters to be a ≈ 3.49 Å and b ≈ 6.32 Å, respectively, which are in excellent agreement with a previous report [28]. In order to gain further information on the crystal structure, Raman spectroscopy was performed on 1T’-WTe2 nanosheets, as shown Figure 1d. All of the peak positions are consistent with

• photodetectors. Conclusion In summary, with the combination of XPS spectroscopy, HR-TEM, Raman spectroscopy, ADRDM and angle-resolved electrical measurements, we successfully revealed the in-plane optical and electrical anisotropy of 2D layered 1T’-WTe2. Furthermore, we presented the highly anisotropic

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• -plasma-treated sample has the highest graphitic content on the surface. This result contradicts the Raman spectroscopy result where the plasma-treated sample in fact showed more defects. It must be emphasized that in the present work no peak fitting was carried out on the C 1s peak to quantify the

• out for 40 min at 20% of the maximum power. In the present work a capacitively coupled parallel plate rf plasma was used. The separation between the plate was 10 cm and the samples were always placed on the bottom plate without any further connections. Raman spectroscopy Raman measurements were

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• were additionally characterized by Raman spectroscopy. In this way it is demonstrated that by varying the parameters during the electrodeposition and CVD steps, a tuning of the structural parameters of the hierarchical electrodes is possible. The suitability of the hierarchical electrodes for

• electrocatalysts. The bottom-up synthesis of these nanocomposites was monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, and it is demonstrated that the hierarchical structures can be tuned with respect to thickness, length, and density of the CNTs. The activity of the Pt-CNT/CNT/GC

• /GC) were characterized by Raman spectroscopy (Figure 5) after Fe removal in concentrated HNO3 (before Pt electrodeposition). Both electrodes show the typical D-band at ≈1355 cm−1 und the G-band at ≈1600 cm−1, which are associated with structural defects within the carbon lattice and crystalline

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• . This low-cost, highly sensitive, and biocompatible paper-based SERS substrate holds considerable potentials for the detection and analyses of chemical and biomolecular species. Keywords: cellulose nanofiber; composites; nanoarchitectonics; silver nanoparticle; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• composed of silver nanoparticles anchored on cellulose nanofibers was fabricated, which is shown to be a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SERS, a powerful molecular spectroscopy method, is widely used in the trace detection and characterization of various chemical

• cellulose matrix, this substrate exhibits a high SERS activity. A sub-attomolar-level detection limit is achieved for the detection of Rhodamine 6G. The substrate may be applicable for facile and sensitive analyses of chemical and biomolecular substances using Raman spectroscopy. Experimental Chemicals

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• characterization was performed using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD, see Table 1 and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2 for Raman spectra). In Raman spectroscopy, a useful parameter for carbon nanotubes is the ratio between the D band (ID) at ≈1380 cm−1, attributed to the defects of the CNT

• -range order in a sample. Finally, another parameter, measurable by Raman spectroscopy that is relevant to catalyst preparation, is the LD: LD is a typical inter-defect distance that we have measured as described in [41]. A lower ID/IG (and higher LD) is obtained for the CNT sample and a higher ID/IG

• carbon supports but this should be detrimental to the stability and electronic conduction), some compromises have to be made. Figure 2 shows the evolution of the ID/IG ratio from Raman spectroscopy and the percent of surface heteroatoms from XPS in the investigated supports. The ID/IG ratio reflects the

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to support the experimental observations. Keywords: aberration-corrected STEM; DFT; misfit-layered compounds; nanotubes; Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Since their discovery in 1992 [1], inorganic nanotubes (INTs) have attracted the

• Sr content was undertaken. In particular, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy served as the main experimental tools to analyze these new nanotubes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to study the chemical bonding and the stability of the SrxLa1

• and drying a drop of this dispersion onto a lacey-carbon-supported Cu/Ni grid. To minimize contamination during imaging, the TEM specimens were heated in a vacuum chamber at 60 °C overnight followed by 3 seconds of oxygen plasma exposure prior to the electron microscopy analysis. Raman spectroscopy

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• ) Nonlinear transmission measurement setup for the Fe3O4 SA. (d) Nonlinear optical absorption characteristics of the FONP-based SA. (a) Energy-dispersive spectroscopy, (b) Raman spectroscopy, (c) X-ray diffraction pattern, and (d) UV–vis–NIR spectrum of the as-prepared Fe3O4 cluster-structured nanoparticles

Revisiting semicontinuous silver films as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates

• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Małgorzata Norek,
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz and
• Piotr Nyga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1048–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.105

• . Sylwestra Kaliskiego Street, 00–908 Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.10.105 Abstract Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a very promising analytical technique for the detection and identification of trace amounts of analytes. Among the many substrates used in SERS of great interest are

• percolation threshold has the SERS signal about four times lower than the highest signal sample. Keywords: metal island film; plasmon resonance; semicontinuous silver film; SERS; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Noble metal nanostructures exhibit exceptional optical properties. They can

• nanoscale regions called “hot spots” [3]. These “hot spots” can be utilized in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [4], allowing for the detection of trace amounts of chemicals and biological materials, down to the single molecule or cell level [5]. SERS was discovered in the 1970s [6][7][8] and a

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• mixed phase, TiO2(B) and trititanate layered TNW structure was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) as well as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The details can be found in Supporting Information File 1. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• region using Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In this way, the Raman spectra and the surface density of the SERS tags are correlated directly, showing that 1 tag/µm2 is enough to generate an intense signal above the noise level at 633 nm with an excitation power of only 0.65 mW

• -section of molecules, Raman signals are exceptionally intense when the SERS effect occurs simultaneously with the electronic resonance of the molecule at the excitation wavelength used for Raman spectroscopy, a condition called surface-enhanced resonant Raman scattering [9][10][11][12]. Resonant SERS

• required for the detection of an intense signal in real operating conditions [13][18][32][33], which often employ an ordinary micro-Raman spectroscopy set up [34] or portable Raman spectrometer [35][36][37]. In recent years, this has fostered a number of studies aimed at quantifying SERS performance from

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• single heat-treatment step. The subsequent thermal oxidation concurrently achieved nanoscale surface etching and loading with SnO2 nanoparticles. The nanoscale-etched and SnO2-loaded surface was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray

• demonstration of this surface-structure change is difficult through FESEM observation only, Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements can show clear differences as described below. The degree of the surface etching depends on the temperature of the thermal oxidation (Figure 1e and Figure S2

• , Supporting Information File 1). The surface was roughened with an increase in the temperature. It should be noted that the roughening was uniformly attained over the entire surface at every treatment temperature. Edge plane exposure The further evaluation of the etched surface was carried out by Raman

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• apparently exposing the Mo underlayer. Ni films subjected to lower heating rates (Figure 1c) exhibit smoother surfaces with the presence of distant large pores. It is worth noting that micro-Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed that the quality of the graphene layer is roughly the same in the hillocks

• and the voids, suggesting that a thin Ni film is still covering the whole active area of the device. Graphene layers were characterized by Raman spectroscopy with a B&BTek S415-532S spectrometer using a 532 nm laser operated at powers up to 50 mW. The Raman probe is mounted on a microscope that can

• reactive species were able to reach the graphene surface by efficient diffusion through the gas discharge [22]. The process parameters were previously optimized (50 W, 25 mTorr and 25 sccm O2 flow for our system). The samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy before and after each plasma treatment

Fabrication of silver nanoisland films by pulsed laser deposition for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Bogusław Budner,
• Mariusz Kuźma,
• Barbara Nasiłowska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 882–893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.89

• . Keywords: nanofabrication; pulsed laser deposition; SERS substrates; silver nanoisland films; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Introduction In recent years, SERS has been intensively investigated as a sensing tool in many applications [1][2][3]. Of particular interest