Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• , Figure S1). Based upon previous experience, we limited exposure times to 6 hours in order to reduce the risk of released free dye and fragmentation of the nanoparticles, stemming from partial solubility in cell culture medium, which could confuse uptake and transport studies [42]. Nanoparticle size and

• injected before each measurement to calibrate the instrument, followed by 100 µL of the undiluted particle dispersion. Cell culture and exposure to nanoparticles Caco-2 epithelial cells (supplied by European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures) were cultured in complete Dulbecco's Modified Eagle

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• was generated, and a subsequent cell-culture study showed that cell-signaling adenovirus was correlated along the copolymer gradients [74]. A similar combinatorial approach has also been demonstrated to generate poly(diethylaminoethylacrylate) and poly(dimethylaminomethylstyrene) gradients using an

Carbon nanomaterials sensitize prostate cancer cells to docetaxel and mitomycin C via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation

• Kati Erdmann,
• Jessica Ringel,
• Silke Hampel,
• Manfred P. Wirth and
• Susanne Fuessel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1307–1317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.132

• previously described [27][28]. Cell culture The human PCa cell line DU-145 (HTB-81; ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA) was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% 1 M HEPES buffer and 1% MEM non-essential amino acids (all from Invitrogen, Karlsruhe

• , Germany) at standard conditions (37 °C, humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2). During treatment 1% streptomycin/penicillin (Invitrogen) was added to the cell culture medium. Cells were cultured in microplates and subsequently treated with the indicated agents. Individual treatments with carbon

• carbon nanomaterials alone for 22 h, afterwards the respective chemotherapeutic was added for another 2 h. Following incubation, the cells were washed twice with PBS and incubated with fresh cell culture medium for another 72 h followed by the conduction of the cellular assays. Cellular viability assay

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• , but indicate a much higher photostability and brightness. As revealed by dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements, all particle suspensions were stable in water and cell culture medium. In addition, uptake studies on A549 cells were performed, using confocal and stimulated emission

• makes the particles more stable against bleaching. Particle stability in cell culture medium To investigate the behaviour of nanoparticles under experimentally relevant conditions with regard to in vitro or in vivo applications, the particle stability was tested in cell culture media, which contain high

Evaluation of quantum dot conjugated antibodies for immunofluorescent labelling of cellular targets

• Jennifer E. Francis,
• David Mason and
• Raphaël Lévy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1238–1249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.125

• ideal scenario would be a toolbox of commercially available Qdot-Abs that can be consistently used to label any biological structure of interest and not just tubulin and extracellular targets. Methods Cell culture Human cervix epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa, ECACC number 930210a3) cells were cultured in a

Nano-engineered skin mesenchymal stem cells: potential vehicles for tumour-targeted quantum-dot delivery

• Liga Saulite,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Simona Steponkiene,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1218–1230, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.123

• induced to differentiate in vitro into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and myogenic cells. Moreover, other cell types, such as neurons, glial cells and smooth muscle cells, could be obtained from MSCs under the appropriate cell culture conditions [9][10]. Among the broad variety of investigated NPs

• of 1 × 105 MSCs were first labelled with 16 nM QDs for 6 h in complete medium. After the primary labelling, the cell-culture supernatant was aspirated, the cells were rigorously rinsed and fresh complete or serum-free medium was added. The number of QD-positive cells was assessed using flow cytometry

• pathways. The loss of QD signal over time may possibly be explained by the excretion of QDs from MSCs, which could favour the use of MSCs as drug delivery vectors. These data validate the potential use of skin MSCs as NP delivery vectors for tumour-targeted therapies. Experimental Mesenchymal stem cell

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cell lysates mixed with silver nanoparticles for tumor classification

• Mohamed Hassoun,
• Iwan W.Schie,
• Tatiana Tolstik,
• Sarmiza E. Stanca,
• Christoph Krafft and
• Juergen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1183–1190, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.120

• % humidity and 5% carbon dioxide in air. 75 cm2 cell culture flasks (658170; Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Germany) were used for cultivation of the cell lines. Every two or three days the medium was changed until approximately 100% confluence was reached. Cells were detached from the substrate by a 0.05% of trypsin

Silicon microgrooves for contact guidance of human aortic endothelial cells

• Sara Fernández-Castillejo,
• Pilar Formentín,
• Úrsula Catalán,
• Josep Pallarès,
• Lluís F. Marsal and
• Rosa Solà

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.72

• for its application in biotechnology and biomedicine [27][28]. Silicon dioxide is nontoxic and biocompatible, and based on these features it has been proposed as material for drug delivery in cell culture models and for tissue engineering [29]. In addition, silicon offers a flexible surface chemistry

• substrates for 2 days. After cell culture experiments, culture media were removed and cells were washed twice with PBS at 37 °C and afterwards fixed as previously described [31]. Afterwards, adhesion to silicon substrates, morphology and proliferation of HAECs were assessed using SEM (JEOL model JSM-6400

• ), as described further below. Staining on actin and nuclei and fluorescence confocal microscopy HAECs were cultured on the functionalized substrates for 2 and 7 days. After cell culture experiments, culture media were removed and cells were washed twice with PBS at 37 °C and afterwards fixed as

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• functionalized nanoparticles per cell in the cell culture experiments was calculated accordingly. Cell line culture and imaging Human epithelial cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) cell lines were cultured in DMEM, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) under 37 °C, 5% CO2 and

• humidified atmosphere and cultivated according to standard cell culture protocols. A primary cell culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was cultivated using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) growth medium, supplemented according to the standard cultivation protocol. Approximately 12 h prior to the

• experiments, the cells were trypsinized and seeded in 24-well cell culture plates with 1·105 cells per well in 0.5 mL cell medium. The incubation with nanoparticles was carried out by adding a 50 µL aliquot of the particle dispersion to each well (i.e., the nanoparticle dispersion was diluted 1:11). The cells

Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

• Nadezhda M. Zholobak,
• Anton L. Popov,
• Alexander B. Shcherbakov,
• Nelly R. Popova,
• Mykhailo M. Guzyk,
• Valeriy P. Antonovich,
• Alla V. Yegorova,
• Yuliya V. Scrypynets,
• Inna I. Leonenko,
• Alexander Ye. Baranchikov and
• Vladimir K. Ivanov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

• applications of O-dots for alive/fixed cell staining and labelling of layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte microcapsules were evaluated. Keywords: cell culture; citric acid; layer-by-layer (LbL)-microcapsules; luminescence; organic dots (O-dots); staining; toxicity; Introduction Luminescent nanosized semiconductor

Low temperature co-fired ceramic packaging of CMOS capacitive sensor chip towards cell viability monitoring

• Niina Halonen,
• Joni Kilpijärvi,
• Maciej Sobocinski,
• Timir Datta-Chaudhuri,
• Antti Hassinen,
• Someshekar B. Prakash,
• Peter Möller,
• Pamela Abshire,
• Sakari Kellokumpu and
• Anita Lloyd Spetz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1871–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.179

• durable package compatible with cell culture. The LTCC-packaged sensor chip was integrated with a printed circuit board, data acquisition device, and measurement-controlling software. The packaged sensor chip functioned well in the presence of cell medium and cells, with output voltages depending on the

• due to mechanical disturbance caused by the procedure. Biocompatibility of the LTCC package The earlier reported [23] biocompatibility of the LTCC package to cell culture was also confirmed here for the new LTCC material by growing BEAS2B cells on a dummy chip and on the surrounding LTCC. The

• integration of microfluidics into the package was demonstrated. Normal cell morphology on packaged dummy chips demonstrated the feasibility of using the LTCC package for cell culture; no cytotoxicity was observed. Furthermore, it was possible to obtain sensor measurements in real time. The capacitance varied

Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improved anticancer efficacy and bioavailability of mifepristone

• Huijuan Zhang,
• Fuqiang Wu,
• Yazhen Li,
• Xiping Yang,
• Jiamei Huang,
• Tingting Lv,
• Yingying Zhang,
• Jianzhong Chen,
• Haijun Chen,
• Yu Gao,
• Guannan Liu and
• Lee Jia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1861–1870, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.178

• cell culture A549 human lung cancer cells, human epithelial carcinoma Hela cells, human endometrial carcinoma RL95-2 cells, and human hepatocellular liver carcinoma HepG2 cells were purchased from Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). A549 and Hela was grown in

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• techniques and the selection of materials for micro/nanostructured substrates as well as common geometries please refer to Table 1. 1.1 Fabrication methods In order to create tailored cell culture substrates with surface topographies established methods such as photolithography, electron- and focused-ion

• methods [55] process polymeric material and are also applied to fabricate cell culture substrates. However, the substrates resulting from these fabrication methods are in most cases (irregularly) porous, foam-like 3D structures rather than (symmetrical) surface-patterned substrates. 1.3 Nanofabrication

• as combined polymeric materials, they frequently lack a clearly defined architecture, and they have a variable chemical composition and often complex mechanical properties. These disadvantages and difficulties in using natural polymers for the fabrication of cell culture substrates strongly motivated

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• cells and osteosarcoma cells) [10]. The cell culture experiment confirmed that in comparison to conventional HAp, cytophilicity of the nanophase mineral improved with nano-HAp. In addition, an increased viability and spread of stem cells was observed for nano-HAP, in particular for the smallest 20 nm

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• , threshold setting and a final watershed algorithm. Particle detection was restricted between an upper and lower cut off in particle radius and to a circularity greater than 0.7. This way only separated particles were considered for measurement. Cell culture For TEM experiments, all different cell lines were

• suspension was added to the cell culture medium, yielding the final concentration for exposure. For transmission electron microscopy and for cytotoxicity assays, cells were incubated with SiNPs for 10 min to 24 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2 before further processing. To check if the observed particle engulfment is

• York City, U.S.A.) in triplicates and incubated for 20 h. After particle load and incubation, cells were centrifuged for 10 min at 600g. Then, 10 µL of cell culture supernatant was transferred into a fresh 96-well plate, mixed with 100 µL of the LDH reaction mix and incubated for 60 min at room

High antiviral effect of TiO₂·PL–DNA nanocomposites targeted to conservative regions of (−)RNA and (+)RNA of influenza A virus in cell culture

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Elena V. Bessudnova,
• Ekaterina I. Filippova,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1166–1173, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.108

• ). It was demonstrated that these nanocomposites exhibited a low toxicity and very high activity against IAV in the cell culture [18][19]. Only one site in the IAV 5 segment was used in our previous works. In this work, we examined the antiviral activity of DNA fragments in the proposed TiO2·PL–DNA

• inhibit the reproduction of IAV in cell culture. TiO2 nanoparticles (of ≈5 nm in diameter) are known to penetrate through cell membrane [23]. It was clearly demonstrated in our previous work [17][18] that they are good vehicles to transport DNA fragments into cells. There are literature data that show

Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles

• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Marina Dobrivojević,
• Lada Brkić Ahmed,
• Michal Babič,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Daniel Horák and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84

• of both types of the nanoparticles occurred via macropinocytosis as confirmed by TEM. Recently, PLL-γ-Fe2O3 agglomeration properties were studied in biological cell culture media with or without common serum protein, which showed the increase of size and negative ζ-potential in comparison to

• , Great Britain). The agglomeration properties and the surface charge properties of PLL-γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in biological cell culture medium with and without addition of common serum protein were previously described [26]. The crystal structure of both types of nanoparticles was investigated using the

• . All experiments were carried out in accordance with the EU Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Neural stem cell culture Neural stem cells (NSCs) were isolated from pregnant female mice as previously described [28][29]. Briefly, at gestation day 14.5, embryos

Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

• Claudia Koch,
• Fabian J. Eber,
• Carlos Azucena,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Alexander M. Bittner,
• Holger Jeske,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Fania C. Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 613–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.54

• , energy conversion, plasmonics or magnetic resonance imaging [82][92][100][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121], and as carrier rods for effector peptides for distinct purposes from affinity binding, intravital targeting up to cell-culture supports [105][111][117][122][123][124], or as antigens for

Functional fusion of living systems with synthetic electrode interfaces

• Oskar Staufer,
• Sebastian Weber,
• C. Peter Bengtson,
• Hilmar Bading,
• Joachim P. Spatz and
• Amin Rustom

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 296–301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.27

• experimental information. Acknowledgements We would like to thank It4ip Belgium for providing us with track-etched PC filter membranes with custom parameters, Sigrid Riese for cell culture and experimental support, Andrea Hellwig for support with SEM and TEM measurements, and Günther Meinusch for help with

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Ivona Capjak,
• Tea Crnković,
• Marija Lovrić,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Ivana Vinković Vrček and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

• . Three dispersion media were investigated: ultrapure water (UW), biological cell culture medium without addition of protein (BM), and BM supplemented with common serum protein (BMP). The obtained results showed that different coating agents on AgNPs and SPIONs produced different stabilities in the same

• properties and behavior in a biological environment. Despite a considerable number of studies on the colloidal stability of AgNPs and SPIONs in cell culture media, in natural water, or in the formulation of consumer products [2][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], general conclusions and a clear understanding of

• albumin (BSAAgNPs), Brij 35 (BrijAgNP) and Tween 20 (TweenAgNP). The SPIONs were prepared as uncoated γ-Fe2O3 NPs (UNSPIONs), and coated with D-mannose (MANSPIONs) or poly(L-lysine) (PLLSPIONs). Three media for NP dispersion were investigated: ultrapure water (UW), biological cell culture medium without

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• magnetic and optoelectronic properties. Experimental Reagents and solutions Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium azide, low molecular weight chitosan, MTT reagent, RPMI1640 cell culture medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and dialysis tubing with a molecular cutoff of 12000 Da were

Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

• Zitao Zhou,
• Jino Son,
• Bryan Harper,
• Zheng Zhou and
• Stacey Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160

• have been noted to contribute to lower viability in cell culture studies with A549 and HT29 cells [30]. Similar morphology effects on toxicity have been observed in studies of manganese oxide, where the sharp points and edges were found to generate more ROS than smooth surfaces [44]. We tested this

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• was tested with concentrations of PLGA in the range of 0.1 µg mL−1 to 50 µg mL−1. The efficacy of calcitriol-loaded NPs in comparison to free calcitriol was also evaluated. Due to its known short half-life in the cell culture medium, an assay with S2-013 cells was performed for 48 h to compare cell

• effect (Table 3). Still, it is important to highlight that due to the short calcitriol half-life in the cell culture medium, the presented free drug concentrations were added daily, unlike entrapped calcitriol, which was loaded in the NPs only once at time t = 0. Thus, despite that the NPs themselves

• equilibrium between the NPs and release medium occurred. The in vitro cytotoxic studies proved that unloaded PLGA NPs are biocompatible and revealed the toxicity effect of calcitriol against human pancreatic and lung cells. Due to the short calcitriol half-life in the cell culture medium, daily renewal was

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• can be verified. Cell culture experiments To examine the cytotoxicity with regards to the molar fraction of silver in the nanoparticles, HeLa cells and human mesenchymal stem cells were incubated with nanoalloys of nine different compositions and also with pure gold and pure silver nanoparticles. In

• nanoparticles themselves [9][40][41], it is important to separate the toxic effects of the nanoparticles and unreacted material from the synthesis [11][42]. As some reported cell culture experiments with alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles were conducted without purification of the dispersions [19][43][44], it

• volume of 3.5 mL were used. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was carried out with a Thermo Electron M-Series spectrometer with a graphite tube furnace according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 after dissolving the particles in aqua regia. Cell culture HeLa cells (human transformed cervix epithelial

Tattoo ink nanoparticles in skin tissue and fibroblasts

• Colin A. Grant,
• Peter C. Twigg,
• Richard Baker and
• Desmond J. Tobin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1183–1191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.120

• agglomeration behaviour of the particles will be strongly influenced by the in vivo conditions in tattooing, or the in vitro conditions in cell culture. Agglomeration due to electrochemical processes can reduce the effective number of particles by orders of magnitude and this will have a profound effect on how