Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• , was cytotoxic to many cell lines [11][12][13][14], rendering an appropriate coating of gold nanoparticles indispensable for biocompatibility. Metal oxide based nanoparticles such as iron oxide and manganese oxide are ideal tools for MRI applications. They are easy to synthesize and they showed

• conditions as described above for the SVEC4-10 cells. All used cell lines were cultured at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 humidified environment. For experimentation, all cells were plated onto a plastic matrix at a density of 1.2 × 104 cells/cm2 (endothelial cells HMEC-1), 4.4 × 103 cells/cm2 (endothelial cells SVEC4-10

Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques

• Anja Ostrowski,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Alexander Boreham,
• Cornelia Holzhausen,
• Lars Mundhenk,
• Christina Graf,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Annika Vogt,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Ulrike Alexiev and
• Achim D. Gruber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 263–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.25

• are available on NP pharmacology and toxicology in humans and animals [8][9]. However, despite all advancements in in vitro testing including permanent or primary cell lines and ex vivo organ cultures, the complexity of a living organism cannot be modeled in a test tube or culture dish. In this regard

Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• well-described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. A cytotoxicity assay of the synthesized nanohybrid was also carried out in PC12 cell lines (a widely used, in vitro Parkinson’s model for neurotoxicity studies) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in order

• carried out in PC12 cell lines in order to evaluate their possible effects in normal neuronal cells in vitro. The results obtained from this preliminary study are expected to provide a theoretical basis and understanding for preparation of efficient drug carriers in the future. Results and Discussion

• nanohybrid possessed favourable sustained and controlled release properties as a drug carrier. In vitro bioassay PC12 cell lines PC12 is one of the most widely applied neuronal cell lines and can be used as a model to study secretory activity and catecholamine metabolism and regulation. In this study, we

Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells

• Nils Bohmer and
• Andreas Jordan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16

• experiments should be carried out with different cell lines and other well-defined nanoparticle species to elucidate possible general principles. Keywords: Caveolin-1; CDC42; endocytosis inhibition; iron oxide nanoparticles; nanoparticle uptake; Introduction Nanotechnology is expected to be a very powerful

• of the endocytotic machinery in fluorescence and electron microscopy or overexpression and dominant negative mutants of key-proteins would be very useful. General tendencies could be deduced, if these findings are transferable to other human cancer cell lines. But preliminary experiments with the

Increasing throughput of AFM-based single cell adhesion measurements through multisubstrate surfaces

• Miao Yu,
• Nico Strohmeyer,
• Jinghe Wang,
• Daniel J. Müller and
• Jonne Helenius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 157–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.15

• limitation, segmented polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) masks were developed, allowing the measurement of cell adhesion to multiple substrates. To verify the utility of the masks, the adhesion of four different cell lines, HeLa (Kyoto), prostate cancer (PC), mouse kidney fibroblast and MDCK, to three extracellular

• matrix proteins, fibronectin, collagen I and laminin 332, was examined. The adhesion of each cell line to different matrix proteins was found to be distinct; no two cell lines adhered equally to each of the proteins. The PDMS masks improved the throughput limitation of single-cell force spectroscopy and

• efficiency. We implemented the masks to characterize the adhesion of different cell lines to collagen I, fibronectin and laminin 332 and found that the cell lines had unique adhesion profiles, which likely reflect differences in the CAMs they expressed. Results PDMS masks for single-cell force spectroscopy

Functionalization of α-synuclein fibrils

• Simona Povilonienė,
• Vida Časaitė,
• Virginijus Bukauskas,
• Arūnas Šetkus,
• Juozas Staniulis and
• Rolandas Meškys

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 124–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.12

• and non-neuronal cell lines, brain tissue and living human cells, and analyzed under non-denaturing conditions [49]. The purified protein was used to study the modification and fibrillization of α-SynC141. According to the literature, one of the main factors which induces fibrillization is low pH [50

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• studied and found that the BNNTs were significantly toxic at 200 µg/mL. The biocompatibility tests indicated that the pure BNNTs were good candidates at nontoxic concentrations for pharmacological applications [76]. The cell lines A549, RAW264.7, 3T3-L1 and HEK293 were exposed to BNNTs. The authors

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• titania NP and their interaction with human cell lines [1] and pointed out that the determination of the biological effects of zinc oxide NP is problematic since they are sensitive towards phosphate ions [2]. This work will not be included in this article. The fluorescence dyes and the labelling process

• species (ROS) in living cell lines and thus a beneficial effect [61]. If platinum group metals-decorated ceria NP do the same or even more is under investigation. Fluorescent dyes used for labelling. Fluorescence emission spectra in ethanol of MPD (excitation 488 nm, left) and ATTO 647N-APS (excitation

Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions

• Cornelia Loos,
• Tatiana Syrovets,
• Anna Musyanovych,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Katharina Landfester,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus and
• Thomas Simmet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250

• used superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Keywords: amino groups; apoptosis; carboxyl groups; cell proliferation; leukemia cell lines; macrophages; mTOR; polystyrene nanoparticles; Review Applications of polystyrene Polystyrene, one of the most extensively used types of plastic [1], is an

• studies using macrophages. Tumor cell lines are often used as models to study nanoparticle–cell interactions. Many studies analyzing the toxicity of nanoparticles on macrophages have actually been carried out with leukemia cancer cell lines of murine or human origin at different stages of differentiation

• -COOH activates the mTOR signaling in leukemia cells. Consistently, PS-NH2 inhibits the activation of the mTOR downstream targets, Akt and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1, and blocked proliferation in three leukemia cell lines in vitro and in vivo [41]. Conclusion In these studies, we have used functionalized

Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects

• Li Shang,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Xiue Jiang,
• Linxiao Yang,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Thomas Simmet and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2388–2397, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.248

• surface functionalizations and investigated their interactions with various human cell lines, in particular HeLa cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Of note, these studies were carried out in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, or serum-free DMEM, so that we could probe interactions between

Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin

• Annika Vogt,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Berouz Nazemi,
• Chun Sik Choe,
• Maxim E. Darvin,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Ulrike Blume-Peytavi,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Christina Graf,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Martina C. Meinke and
• Jürgen Lademann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2363–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.245

• solution, skin contact with the particles lead to destabilization with the release of loaded dyes [36][37]. The studies further illustrated that cells, especially immortalized cell lines compared to primary cells as well as cell types, e.g., epithelial cells versus dendritic cells, differ significantly in

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• supramolecular anticancer agent. Above all, the supramolecular complex by DDMC/PTX should play an important role as an amplifier of the PTX drug efficacy [64]. Non-viral vectoring of DEAE–dextran and DEAE–dextran–MMA graft copolymer (DDMC). (a) Transfection of DDMC into HEK293 cell lines. The grafting rate is

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• brain astrocytes are shown to be fairly tolerant toward silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles induce the formation of DNA double-strand-breaks (DSB) and lead to chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster fibroblast cell lines (CHO9, K1, V79B). An exposure of rats to

• increase the risk of human cancer [110]. Permanent fibroblast cell lines from ovaries (CHO9, K1) and lung tissue (V79B) of Chinese hamsters are well-established in the cytogenetic analysis of potentially mutagenic triggers that induce chromosomal aberrations (CA) [111] or sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE

• -PKcs, which plays an important role in non-homologous-end-joining (NHEJ), is essential for the repair of DSB caused by silver nanoparticles [120]. In this study, normal human cells (IMR-90), DNA-PKcs-proficient (AA8) and DNA-PKcs-deficient (V33) Chinese hamster cell lines and human cell lines (MO59K

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• . These differences can induce distinct toxicological responses in biological systems and require a systematic investigation. In vitro studies, carried out on human cell lines (i.e., HepG2, BEAS-2B, PC12, hMSCs), have demonstrated that the cyto- and genotoxicity of graphene depends on the dose, shape, and

Biocompatibility of cerium dioxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles with endothelial cells

• Claudia Strobel,
• Martin Förster and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1795–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.190

• lines in cytotoxicity examinations has a series of advantages and disadvantages. In particular, the phenotype of HUVEC should resemble the in vivo situation to a higher extent than immortalized ones, but require specific culture media conditions and life span in culture is limited. Immortalized cell

• ) supplemented with SupplementMix (PromoCell GmbH, Germany). Both cell lines were cultured at 37 ºC in a 5% CO2 humidified environment and the growth medium was exchanged every 2–3 days. Once the cells reached 70–85% confluency they were subcultivated. To detach the cells, GIBCO® trypsin (Life Technologies GmbH

• comparable doubling times of the corresponding endothelial cells (HMEC-1: approximately 33.6 h; HUVEC: approximately 36 h), it can be excluded that cell division caused the observed differences in the sensitivity of the cells on nanoparticle treatment. The use of primary and immortalized endothelial cell

Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages

• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Benjamin Michen,
• Fabian Blank,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174

• of clathrin-coated vesicles (preventing clathrin-mediated endocytosis). Our data showed that a combination of several distinguishable endocytotic uptake mechanisms are involved in the uptake of 40 nm polystyrene nanoparticles in both the macrophage and epithelial cell line. Keywords: cell lines

• for both cell types. Conditions were chosen such that the uptake of the relevant control substance was completely inhibited and no impaired cell morphology was observed. Both cell lines were exposed to either 1 µm PS particles or 40 nm PS NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL for 1 hour either after

• route is deployed, and additionally, this process is cell type dependent. Not all inhibitors blocked the related pathway in the two different cell lines in the same way, which is also in agreement with the expected uptake mechanism per cell type. Therefore, each condition must be evaluated with the use

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• [156], TiO2, ZnO [157], Ni, NiTi, NiFe, Ti [11] and MoS2 [158] on the viability of mammalian cell lines were studied. Furthermore, some studies addressed antimicrobial effects of Ni [159] and Ag nanoparticles [160][161]. Additionally, some authors reported on the application of laser-fabricated CuO

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• ]. In addition, results will depend on the cellular test model used. In order to simplify the discussion, this review focuses on in vitro interaction of NPs with adherent, mammalian, immortalized cell lines. This avoids for example the problem of having to discuss how NPs reach and penetrate tissue

• on physicochemically defined NPs, i.e., solutions of monodisperse NPs with a defined ligand shell attached, and without residual “left-over” impurities of the NP synthesis [13][18]. Review How do particles enter cells and where do they go? Virtually all cell lines internalize NPs, which are dispersed

• in the growth medium [19]. Uptake of different NPs by different cell lines, however, can vary significantly in biological kinetics [20][21][22] (this is also true for larger microparticles [23]). This is particularly important to keep in mind for specific (i.e., targeted) NP uptake, in which NPs

Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity

• Dickson Joseph,
• Nisha Tyagi,
• Christian Geckeler and
• Kurt E.Geckeler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158

• respectively. The surface charge on the AuNPs at an acidic pH was studied and we observed all the AuNPs possess a positive surface charge at pH 5. The HIS-AuNPs and OVA-AuNPs exhibited the same behavior for all three cancerous cell lines as with the NIH-3T3 cell line. The HIS-AuNPs were the most toxic, and OVA

• OVA > BGG > LYS > BSA > BHG > HIS, OVA > BGG > LYS > BHG > BSA > HIS and OVA > BGG > BSA > BHG > LYS > HIS for the HCT116, HeLa and SCC-7 cell lines, respectively (Table S3, Supporting Information File 1). The MTT assay on the blank proteins showed cell viabilities greater than 80% (Figure S7

• , Supporting Information File 1). The protein-coated AuNPs exhibited specificity towards certain cancer cell lines, which was observed from the differences in their IC50 values. The BHG-AuNPs has the second lowest IC50 value for HCT116, while the BSA-AuNPs and the LYS-AuNPs were the second lowest for the HeLa

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• collagens, laminins, E-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase 1 [31]. α2β1 integrins have been proven to be up-regulated in bone metastatic prostate cancer cells [32][33]. Particularly, PC3 human bone metastatic prostate cancer cell lines have the highest expression of α2β1 integrins when compared to other

• metastatic cell lines CWR-22 and LNCaP [31]. The over-expression of α2β1 integrins in PC3 can be harnessed as a target for a drug delivery platform. The toxicity of DOX can be decreased by increasing the interaction between the drug and cancer cells. Since α2β1 integrins are over-expressed in bone metastatic

• ., Atlanta, GA) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin/anphotericin (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator. The cell lines were cultured in T75 flasks until confluent before use in experiments. All hMSCs and PC3 cells were seeded in 48 well plates and allowed to attach

In vitro toxicity and bioimaging studies of gold nanorods formulations coated with biofunctional thiol-PEG molecules and Pluronic block copolymers

• Tianxun Gong,
• Douglas Goh,
• Malini Olivo and
• Ken-Tye Yong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 546–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.64

• experiment where AuNRs were also observed to be internalized by malignant oral epithelial cell lines and the extinction spectra analysis confirmed that the scattering colors within the cells was caused by nanoparticles [7]. Thus, the coupling of the inherent scattering property of AuNRs with the use of

The softening of human bladder cancer cells happens at an early stage of the malignancy process

• Jorge R. Ramos,
• Joanna Pabijan,
• Ricardo Garcia and
• Malgorzata Lekka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 447–457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.52

• are stiffer (higher Young’s modulus) than cancerous cells (HTB-9, HT1376, and T24 cell lines). However, independently of the histological grade of the studied bladder cancer cells, all cancerous cells possess a similar level of the deformability of about a few kilopascals, significantly lower than non

• cancer transformation [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. This change is probably associated with the enhanced capability to migrate and to adapt to changing environments, which is observed in metastasis. Importantly, these results are valid for other cell lines, such as ovary or prostate cancers [10], and can be

• confocal microscopy of early and late stages of ovarian cancer progression [22]. Here, we study the correlation between the elastic properties and the expression and organization of the actin cytoskeleton in human bladder cancer cells. We have chosen four cell lines with various histological grades. Those

Near-infrared dye loaded polymeric nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy and cellular response after laser-induced heating

• Tingjun Lei,
• Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez,
• Romila Manchanda,
• Yen-Chih Huang and
• Anthony J. McGoron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 313–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.35

• improved cytotoxicity compared to incubator HT. ** p < 0.05 (by ANOVA) between HT and without HT group in both cell lines, indicating significantly higher cancer cell killing was achieved due to HT. HT-induced ROS production following laser/NPs and incubator was measured in MES-SA and Dx5 cells

Magnetic-Fe/Fe₃O₄-nanoparticle-bound SN38 as carboxylesterase-cleavable prodrug for the delivery to tumors within monocytes/macrophages

• Hongwang Wang,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Raj K. Dani,
• Gwi-Moon Seo,
• Sivasai Balivada,
• Marla M. Pyle,
• Heidy Prock,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Ping Li,
• Viktor Chikan,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 444–455, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.51

• tissue have been observed [22]. Liposome encapsulation of SN38 (LE-SN38) enhances the solubility of SN38 and provides protection from rapid drug degradation. Increased cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines and better therapeutic efficacy in xenograft mouse models, as compared to CPT-11, have been