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Search for "chemical reactions" in Full Text gives 136 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

  • Arnulf Latz and
  • Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

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  • interface of electrolyte and active particles or the complex chemical reactions leading to the growth of the SEI, plating and electrochemical reactions initiated in the bulk of the electrolyte at high potentials. A successful strategy for the development of predictive theories and simulation tools has
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Published 20 Apr 2015

Simple approach for the fabrication of PEDOT-coated Si nanowires

  • Mingxuan Zhu,
  • Marielle Eyraud,
  • Judikael Le Rouzo,
  • Nadia Ait Ahmed,
  • Florence Boulc’h,
  • Claude Alfonso,
  • Philippe Knauth and
  • François Flory

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 640–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.65

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  • as a catalyst for the SiNWs etching, which was carried out for 2 min. The Ag catalyst was finally (Step 3) dissolved by immersion into 69% HNO3 for 30 min. The chemical reactions associated to each step are the following: Step 1: 4Ag+ + Si + 6F− → 4Ag + SiF62− Step 2: 2H2O2 + 4H+ + Si + 6F− → 4H2O
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Published 04 Mar 2015

Conformal SiO2 coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

  • Nicolas Sobel,
  • Christian Hess,
  • Manuela Lukas,
  • Anne Spende,
  • Bernd Stühn,
  • M. E. Toimil-Molares and
  • Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

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  • interesting to study water and ion transport in confinement [15][16]. Coated templates are also attractive to synthesize extremely thin nanowires for the investigation of finite size and quantum size effects [17]. Atomic layer deposition is based on cycles of self-limiting chemical reactions between the gas
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Published 16 Feb 2015

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

  • Mildred Quintana,
  • Jesús Iván Tapia and
  • Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

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  • also describe some of the chemical protocols that have provided insight into the vast organic chemistry of the single atomic plane of graphite. Controlled chemical reactions applied to graphene are expected to significantly improve the design of hierarchical, functional platforms, driving the inclusion
  • [19]. The physical and chemical phenomena associated with ultrasonic waves are cavitation and nebulization. Cavitation induces extreme conditions by collapsing air bubbles which initiates chemical reactions, while nebulization furthers the reaction within the heated droplets. These processes induce
  • to pure DMF. In this process, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are formed revealing the occurrence of chemical reactions. During the ultrasonication process, graphene sheets were cut close to the edges, producing small fragments which later aggregate into CNFs. To verify the mechanism of CNF formation, gold
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Published 04 Dec 2014

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

  • Anastasios Stergiou,
  • Georgia Pagona and
  • Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

Graphical Abstract
  • chemical reactions leading to the covalent modification of a graphene framework are displayed. Briefly, after the exfoliation of graphite, the following reactions can be performed to modify the graphene sheet (summarized in Scheme 1): [3 + 2] 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated azomethine ylides
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Published 18 Sep 2014

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

  • Christoph Rehbock,
  • Jurij Jakobi,
  • Lisa Gamrad,
  • Selina van der Meer,
  • Daniela Tiedemann,
  • Ulrike Taylor,
  • Wilfried Kues,
  • Detlef Rath and
  • Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

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  • addition to ion release, the surface chemistry of the nanoparticle itself may also be directly associated with nanotoxicological effects, e.g., the formation of reactive oxygen species [33]. Here, surface atoms may trigger chemical reactions with biomolecules which are possibly harmful to the organism
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Published 12 Sep 2014

Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity

  • Dickson Joseph,
  • Nisha Tyagi,
  • Christian Geckeler and
  • Kurt E.Geckeler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158

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  • observed a red color that is characteristic for the formation of AuNPs. Several experiments were carried out by varying the thermal conditions but the AuNP formation took several hours. Hence, we used microwave irradiation with an aim to reduce the reaction time, as it is known to accelerate chemical
  • reactions. To standardize the microwave reaction conditions, several experiments were conducted in which the irradiation power, temperature and time were varied, and the products were analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy. A microwave power of 250 W and a temperature of 120 °C were found to be optimum conditions
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Published 04 Sep 2014

Near-field photochemical and radiation-induced chemical fabrication of nanopatterns of a self-assembled silane monolayer

  • Ulrich C. Fischer,
  • Carsten Hentschel,
  • Florian Fontein,
  • Linda Stegemann,
  • Christiane Hoeppener,
  • Harald Fuchs and
  • Stefanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1441–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.156

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  • lithography (CL), which is either exposed to visible light, oxygen plasma or an UV–ozone atmosphere. The gold mask has the function to inhibit the photochemical reactions by highly localized near-field interactions between metal mask and SAM and to inhibit the radiation-induced chemical reactions by casting a
  • the potentially high resolution of the near-field photochemical process. Here we explore an extension of this near-field concept by using metal masks as a strongly localized barrier for the destruction of a silane monolayer by chemical reactions induced by oxygen ions, reactive ozone, or by
  • . The gold mask has the function to inhibit the photochemical reactions of the SAM by highly localized near-field interactions between mask and SAM and to inhibit the radiation-induced chemical reactions by casting a highly localized shadow. Removal of the gold mask reveals the SAM nanopattern. As a
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Published 03 Sep 2014

Liquid fuel cells

  • Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

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  • parallel chemical reactions, and its mechanism is not fully understood [169]. The number of electrons removed from the BH4− ion depends on the anode electrocatalyst, the concentration of sodium borohydride and the ratio [OH−]:[BH4−]. For a ratio of about 4.4, the reaction is described by Equation 21, while
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Published 29 Aug 2014

Photocatalysis

  • Rong Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1071–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.119

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  • complex process of solar energy driven water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. Nanotechnology certainly plays a pivotal role in enabling a rational design of the structures, interfaces and surfaces with controllable features at a length scale comparable to chemical reactions. In this Thematic Series
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Published 16 Jul 2014

DFT study of binding and electron transfer from colorless aromatic pollutants to a TiO2 nanocluster: Application to photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation

  • Corneliu I. Oprea,
  • Petre Panait and
  • Mihai A. Gîrţu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1016–1030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.115

Graphical Abstract
  • system in the visible range of the spectrum, iii) proper energy level alignment of the excited state of the pollutant and the conduction band edge of the catalyst, and iv) fast charge transfer from the pollutant to the catalyst. Other requirements would regard the chemical reactions that take place after
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Published 11 Jul 2014

Double layer effects in a model of proton discharge on charged electrodes

  • Johannes Wiebe and
  • Eckhard Spohr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 973–982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.111

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  • chemical reactions as isolated rare events, for which it should suffice to study the behavior of the system from shortly before to shortly after the event. Here, we define the reaction time as the time, when the sum of the weights of all metal EVB states is for the first time larger than 0.9 in trajectory
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Published 07 Jul 2014

Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions

  • Seonki Hong,
  • Hyukjin Lee and
  • Haeshin Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 887–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.101

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  • of gelation kinetics and mechanical properties of PEG hydrogels compared to results obtained by using PEGs in the absence of amine groups. Therefore, the study provides new insight into designing new crosslinking chemistry for controlling nano-scale chemical reactions that can broaden unique
  • . Biomaterials formed by quinone tanning processes found in (a) squid beaks, (b) insect cuticles, and (c) mussel adhesives. Representative chemical reactions were shown for each biomaterials (a,b,c top). Synthetic PEG derivatives that can mimic the natural catecholamine-involved quinone tanning due to the
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Published 23 Jun 2014

Encapsulation of nanoparticles into single-crystal ZnO nanorods and microrods

  • Jinzhang Liu,
  • Marco Notarianni,
  • Llew Rintoul and
  • Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.56

Graphical Abstract
  • . The fractured nanorod in Figure 4d reveals a nanobead entirely encapsulated into the nanorod. Growth mechanism The growth of ZnO in aqueous solution can be described as an epitaxial growth process. The precursors Zn(NO3)2 and HMTA in water lead to chemical reactions are as follows [20]: Hence, Zn2
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Published 16 Apr 2014

The role of oxygen and water on molybdenum nanoclusters for electro catalytic ammonia production

  • Jakob G. Howalt and
  • Tejs Vegge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 111–120, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.11

Graphical Abstract
  • presence of water often gives rise to oxygen adsorption on catalyst surfaces through decomposition of water and the adsorbed oxygen or hydroxide species often occupy important surfaces sites, resulting in a decrease or a total hindrance of other chemical reactions taking place at that site. In this study
  • rise to oxygen or hydroxide adsorption on the surface, which can occupy or block important surfaces sites. The adsorbed oxygen species can either decrease or totally hinder other chemical reactions taking place at that site. Oxygen poisoning of the surface is indeed a main inhibitor for ammonia
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Published 31 Jan 2014

Surface assembly and nanofabrication of 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)heptadecane on Au(111) studied with time-lapse atomic force microscopy

  • Tian Tian,
  • Burapol Singhana,
  • Lauren E. Englade-Franklin,
  • Xianglin Zhai,
  • T. Randall Lee and
  • Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 26–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.3

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  • surface coatings that resist damage. Multidentate molecules provide a model surface that will resist self-exchange and surface migration, and enable further steps of chemical reactions with high fidelity. Degradation of alkanethiol SAMs on metal surfaces is caused by UV exposure, thermal desorption, and
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Published 09 Jan 2014

Synthesis of indium oxi-sulfide films by atomic layer deposition: The essential role of plasma enhancement

  • Cathy Bugot,
  • Nathanaëlle Schneider,
  • Daniel Lincot and
  • Frédérique Donsanti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 750–757, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.85

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  • to the high reactivity of radicals, PEALD generally allows the achievement of many chemical reactions that cannot occur with thermal ALD [13][19]. Here In2(S,O)3 films could be grown while using O2 plasma as oxygen source. But the growth of pure In2O3 films remained unsuccessful. This suggests that
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Published 13 Nov 2013

Surface passivation and optical characterization of Al2O3/a-SiCx stacks on c-Si substrates

  • Gema López,
  • Pablo R. Ortega,
  • Cristóbal Voz,
  • Isidro Martín,
  • Mónica Colina,
  • Anna B. Morales,
  • Albert Orpella and
  • Ramón Alcubilla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 726–731, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.82

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  • were subsequently deposited by thermal ALD (Savannah S200, Cambridge Nanotech; Cambridge, MA, USA) at Tdep = 200 °C. This technique is based on sequential, self-limiting chemical reactions at the surface. The surface of the substrate is exposed to the precursor gases in alternating manner. The
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Published 06 Nov 2013

Electrochemical and electron microscopic characterization of Super-P based cathodes for Li–O2 batteries

  • Mario Marinaro,
  • Santhana K. Eswara Moorthy,
  • Jörg Bernhard,
  • Ludwig Jörissen,
  • Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens and
  • Ute Kaiser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 665–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.74

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  • a stepwise fashion leading to the formation of LiO2 and Li2O2 as shown in the chemical reactions below. Conversely, upon charging, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) gives O2 and Li+ back via a 2-electrons reaction. The unsuitability of commonly used electrolytes for Li-ion batteries (e.g
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Published 18 Oct 2013

Large-scale atomistic and quantum-mechanical simulations of a Nafion membrane: Morphology, proton solvation and charge transport

  • Pavel V. Komarov,
  • Pavel G. Khalatur and
  • Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 567–587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.65

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  • total number of atoms in these systems was limited to about two million because of computer memory and CPU limitations [28]. Significant efforts have been made to take into account quantum effects and chemical reactions within the molecular dynamics models. For this purpose, the so-called Reax force
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Published 26 Sep 2013

Continuous parallel ESI-MS analysis of reactions carried out in a bespoke 3D printed device

  • Jennifer S. Mathieson,
  • Mali H. Rosnes,
  • Victor Sans,
  • Philip J. Kitson and
  • Leroy Cronin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 285–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.31

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  • into the device, was used to initiate chemical reactions [6]. We have also presented how 3D printing can be used to make intricate micro- and milliscale reactionware for organic, inorganic and materials syntheses, offering significant freedom to design bespoke reactors in terms of residence time
  • ketone (PEEK), which is a harder plastic than PP, allowing for boring into the PP plastic inlet and outlets to give a tight seal to the device. These fittings can be removed and replaced as many times as necessary, and the whole device can be used repeatedly, for a variety of chemical reactions. LabView
  • [Cu(C24H24N6)(NO3)]+ (1), m/z 521.1 species see Supporting Information File 1. Conclusion By carrying out a number of complementary supramolecular chemical reactions in bespoke 3D-printed reactionware we have shown their high potential and configurability. The tailored milliscale reactionware, with
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Published 29 Apr 2013

Electrospinning preparation and electrical and biological properties of ferrocene/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) composite nanofibers

  • Ji-Hong Chai and
  • Qing-Sheng Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 189–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.19

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  • , there are a series of chemical reactions between Fc and the enzymes, DNA and RNA in the cell due to the penetration of Fc, leading to cell death [32]. The Fc conveys many unique properties such as low toxicity, stability, lipophilicity, aromaticity and easy access to one-electron oxidation potential
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Published 14 Mar 2013

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

  • Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
  • Carla Bittencourt,
  • Rony Snyders and
  • Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

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  • the evaporation of the solvent. The product has high optical transparency, robust flexibility and good conductivity. Chen et al. [130] used a radio-frequency glow-discharge treatment and chemical reactions post-treatment to graft polysaccharide chains onto a VA-CNT surface. After functionalization
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Published 22 Feb 2013

Plasmonics-based detection of H2 and CO: discrimination between reducing gases facilitated by material control

  • Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam,
  • Nicholas A. Joy,
  • Benjamin Grisafe and
  • Michael A. Carpenter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 712–721, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.81

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  • also likely induce a change in the polarizability of the YSZ matrix, changing the dielectric constant. The shift in the plasmon peak position will therefore be a result of the combined effect of the charge exchange and the change in dielectric properties of the YSZ. Other chemical reactions between H2
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Published 31 Oct 2012

Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

  • Michael Huth,
  • Fabrizio Porrati,
  • Christian Schwalb,
  • Marcel Winhold,
  • Roland Sachser,
  • Maja Dukic,
  • Jonathan Adams and
  • Georg Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 597–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.70

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  • precursor fragments, i.e., under the assumption that no secondary chemical reactions are taking place between volatile dissociation fragments, the concentration ratios [X]/[Z] of two elements in the binary deposit can be calculated from the yields as follows where [X]i and [Z]i (i = 1, 2) represent the
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Published 29 Aug 2012
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